20．According to the passage, which of the followings shows the correct order? ________.

　a．Photographs became popular in newspapers.

　b．Photographers carried processing equipment while taking pictures.

　c．The invention of small handheld cameras made photography easier.

　d．Daguerre invented a kind of photograph called daguerreotype.

　e．Brady took pictures of famous people.

　A. e, a, d, b, c　　　　　 B. d, b, e, c, a

　C. b, e, c, a, d　　　　　 D. d, c, e, a, b

19．Photography can also be an art form because artists can ________.

　A. take anything they like

　B. keep a record of real life

　C. take photos of the famous

　D. show ideas and feeling in pictures

18．The first pictures of a war were taken by________.

　A. a French photographer in the 1840s

　B. an American photographer in the 1860s

　C. a German reporter in the 1880s

　D. a French artist in the 1890s

17．The passage is mainly about ________.

　A. the inventoin of cameras

　B. a kind of new art - photography

　C. the development of photography

　D. the important dates in the history of photography

16．It can be concluded that the passage is most probably part of a (n)________.

　A. announcement　　　　　B. advertisement

C. news report　　　　　D. science research

E

　In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple cameras. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his yard. That was the first photograph.

　The next important date in the history! of photography was 1837. That year, Daguerre, another French, took a picture of his studio. He used a new kind of camera and a different process. In his pictures, you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest details. This kind of photograph was called a daguerreotype.

　Soon, other people began to use Daguerre’s process. Travelers brought back daguerreotypes from all around the world. People photographed famous buildings, cities and mountains.

　In about 1840, the process was improved. Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. The process was not simple. The photographers had to cary lots of films and processing equipment. But this did not stop the photographers, especially in the United States. After 1840s daguerreotype artists were popular in most cities.

　Mathew Brady was a well - known American photographer. He took many pictures of famous people. The pictures were unusual because they were very life - like and full of personality (个性).

　Brady was also the first preson to take pictures of war. His 1862 Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities. They made the war seem more real and more terrible.

　In the 1880s, new inventions began to change photography… Photographers could buy films readymade in rolls(卷). So they did not have to make the film themselves. Also, they did not have to process the film immediately. They could bring it back to their studios and develop it later meaning that they did not have to carry lots of equipment. And finally, the invention of the small handheld camera made photography less expensive.

　With the small camera, anyone could be a photographer. People began to use cameras just for fun. They took pictures of their families, friends and favorite places. They called these pictures“ snapshot”.

　Photographs became very popular in newspapers in the 1890s. Soon magazines and books also used documentary photographs. These pictures showed true events and people. They were much more real than drawing.

　Photography also turned into a form of art by the end of the 10th century. Some photographs were not just copies of the real world. They showed ideas and feelings, like other art forms.

15．What does the underlined word “casuahies” probably mean in the second paragraph?________

　A. sufferers　　B. killers　　 C. passersby　　D. losers

14．The suicide bomber blew himself up because________.

　A. there was something wrong with his brains

　B. a soldier shot and wounded him

　C. he couldn’t see the settlement’s mayor

　D. he wanted to make himself known

13．Some of people including ________were killed or wounded in the blast accident.

　A. soldiers　　　　　　 B. mayor

　C. rescue workers　　　　 D. a fire brigade official

12．What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? ________.

　A. The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved

　B. Athletes should compete as individuals in the Olympic Games

　C. Sport should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game

D. International contests lead to misunderstanding between nations.

D

　ARIEL, West Bank: A suicide bomber blew up near Israeli soldiers outside a Jewish settlement in the West Bank yesterday, killing at least three people and wounding about 30 others, the settlement’s mayor and rescue workers said.

　“A suicide bomber came and there were many soldiers…and he blew himself up.” said Ron Nachman, mayor of the settlement of Ariel. “Soldiers were among the casualties. ”People on the spot said the bomber blew up after soldiers eating at a food stand in a petrol station at the entrance of the settlement found him. According to some people on the spot accounts reported by Israeli media, a soldier shot and wounded the bomber, who then exploded.

　The Magen David Adorn ambulance service said at least three people were killed and at least 30 wounded in the blast, which set the bomber burning at Ariel, about 25 kilometers east of Tel Avi v.

　A fire brigade official said: “The bomber was still burning when we got there and we put out the fire immediatelly.”

　Meanwhile, a blast shook homes in Lebanon’s largest Palestinian refugee camp early yesterday, damaging buildings but causing no injuries, Palestinian sources said. They said the bomb was planted outside the home of a member of Palestimian President Yasser Arafat’s Fatah faction in Ain el-Hilwch camp, and exploded while the family was sleeping.

11．The author gives the two examples in paragraphs 2 and 3 to show________.

　A. how false national pride leads to undesirable incidents in international games

　B. that sport men have been more troublesome than they used to be

　C. that competitiveness in the games discourages international friendship

　D. that unfair decisions are common in Olympic Games.