20．Which of the following statements is NOT true? 　　　　　.

　　　 A．European people hold the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right hand.

　　　 B．The zigzag eating method is related to American characteristics.

　　　 C．The Zigzag eating method has become an American feature.

　　　 D．European people will use the American method because of its efficiency.

19．Also in the last sentence, the two “them” refer to 　　　　　.

　　　 A．Americans　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

B．Europeans

　　　 C．Americans and Europeans separately　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

D．Europeans and Americans separately

18．In the sentence, the word “juggle” probably means 　　　　　.

　　　 A．hold　　　　　　　　　 B．play with　　　　　　 C．pick up　　　　　　　 D．lay down

17．As the masters of the New World, Americans use a different cutting method from that in the

Old World to 　　　　.

　　　 A．show their independence of Mother England B．show their disrespect to Mother England

　　　 C．add a new tradition to those in Mother England

　　　 D．show off their creativeness to Mother England

16．Americans use 　　　　　to hold their fork to pick up the salad.

　　　 A．the right hand　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

B．the left hand　 　

C．both hands　　

D．either of the two hands

15．The passage mainly discusses 　　　　　　.

　　　 A．the limitations of eye contacts　　

B．the exchange of ideas through eye contacts

　　　 C．proper behavior in situations

　　　 D．the role of eye contacts in interpersonal communication

E

In Europe people hold the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right throughout the meal, a system that is generally agreed to be more efficient than the American zigzag(曲折的)method. Americans hold both the fork and the knife in their right hands throughout the meal, so they continually change their forks to the left hand when they have to cut their meat. It seems to be funny for the Europeans to see Americans busy changing their dinner sets, making a lot of noises. A few explanations for this American style are as follows:

(1)Americans are practical and efficient. Since most of us are right-handed, it is reasonable to keep our working tools at all times in the right hand that can use them most efficiently.

(2)Americans, the master of the New World are rebels(判逆者). They use the zigzag method to break the rules in the Old World and in this way they are thumbing their nose at Mother England. Americans are a restless kind. They do not like to sit in one spot for very long

when dining.

(3)Forced to do so, they respond by “playing” with the silver.

Whatever the reason for the practice, it is now certainly as American as apple pie. Europeans recognize this and are quick to attack it as evidence of American innocence(无知)of form. Arguments against the zigzag method rest not only on grounds of efficiency but also on those of tradition. In Old World Dining, the knife is held in the right hand continually because it can serve as an instant defense against the uninvited intruders(入侵者). However, such alertness(警觉)is out of place in the New World, as every American believes that this is the home of the brave. Americans juggle their silverware, perhaps, to show that they are not afraid and that one of them holding a fork is worth any number of them holding blades(刀).

14．By “a dimming of the lights”, Erving Goffiman means 　　　　.

　　　 A．closing one’s eyes　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B．turning off the lights

　　　 C．stopping glancing at others　　　　　　　 D．reducing gaze-time to the minimum.

13．If you want to be left alone on an elevator the best thing to do is 　　　　　　.

　　　 A．to look into another passenger’s eyes　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

B．to avoid eye contacts with other passengers

　　　 C．to signal you are not a threat to anyone　　　　　　　　　　　　　

D．to keep a distance from other passengers

12．It can be inferred from the first paragraph that 　　　　　　.

　　　 A．every glance has its significance(meaning or importance)

　　　 B．staring at a person is an expression of interest

　　　 C．a gaze longer than 3 seconds is unacceptable

　　　 D．a glance carries more meaning than words

11．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

　　　 A．We can find the same animals and plants on the two continents.

　　　 B．We can find the same remains of a 400-to-500-million-year-old mountain chain.

　　　 C．There are deserts in the northern hemisphere.

　　　 D．The same animals and plants evolved at the same time in two different places.

D

Exchange a glance with someone, then look away. Do you realize that you have made a statement? Hold the glance for a second longer and you have made a different statement. Hold it for 3 seconds, and the meaning has changed again. For every social situation, there is a permissible time that you can hold a person’s gaze without being intimate, rude, or aggressive. If you are on an elevator, what gaze-time are you permitted? To answer this question, consider what you typically do. You very likely give other passengers a quick glance to size them up(打量)and to assure them that you mean no threat. Since being close to another person signals the possibility of interaction, you need to send out a signal telling others you want to be left alone. So you cut off eye contacts what sociologist Erving Goffiman(1963)calls “a dimming of the lights”. You look down at the floor, at the indicator lights, anywhere but into another passenger’s eyes. Should you break the rule against staring at a stranger on an elevator, you will make the other person extremely uncomfortable, and you are likely to feel a bit strange yourself.

If you hold eye contacts for more than 3 seconds, what are you telling another person? Much depends on the person and the situation. For instance, a man and a woman communicate interest in this manner. They typically gaze at each other for about 3 seconds at a time, and then drop their eyes down for 3 seconds, before letting their eyes meet again. But if one man gives another man a 3-second-plus stare, he signals, “I know you”. “I am interested in you.” or “You look peculiar and I am curious about you.” This type of stare often produces hostile feelings.