4.How should we look upon cloning? _______

A.　　 Cloning is terrible

B.　　　 Cloning must be moved with caution, care.

C.　　　 Cloning will cause troubles.

D.　　 Cloning is a disease

3.Some people claim attempting to use these cloning techniques to actually clone a human being is __________

A.　　 untested

B.　　　 unsafe

C.　　　 morally unacceptable

D.　　 above of all

2.Who is Dolly? ______

A.　　 A British scientist

B.　　　 A single cell

C.　　　 An adult sleep

D.　　 A lamb cloned

1.What are changing the way we live and work? ________

A.　　 Cloning.

B.　　　 Life saving

C.　　　 Science and technology

D.　　 The mysteries of life

2.　　　 The main task of the MER is _____________.

A.　　 to take some pictures of Mars.

B.　　　 To test the robots.

C.　　　 To seek out any signs of water.

D.　　 To dig holes in Mars.

Passage 58　　 Cloning

As we approach the 21st century, it is clearer than ever that science and technology are changing the way we live and work. The breakthroughs in bioengineering science are helping to reveal the mysteries of life, holding out new hope for lifesaving cures to some of our most dreaded diseases.

In 1997, the great news shocked the whole world that the British scientists created a lamb, named Dolly from a single cell. Miraculously, the cell had been taken from the udder of an adult sheep, which marks the first time an adult animal had been successfully cloned.

But it soon caused worldwide concern over its ethical, social, and scientific implications. Cloning is especially controversial because it raises the prospect of “making” humans genetically identical to an existing man or woman. Some people claim attempting to use these cloning techniques to actually clone a human being is untested and unsafe and morally unacceptable.

How to look upon this new technique? When it comes to a discovery like cloning, we must move with caution, care and deep concern about the impact of our actions. First, cloning should be greatly esteemed and great thanks should be given to its inventors. Meanwhile, great efforts should be made to place this technique under strict control. Especially we should adopt a document against human cloning since past experience tells us a new invention may cause troubles if it is misused.

1.　　　 The first scientists designed to visit Mars this summer are going to be ______.

A.　　 two scientists of NASA

B.　　　 a pair of twins

C.　　　 two pilots.

D.　　 Two metal robots

3. The passage's main idea is _______. A. how the film "Shrek" came into being B. how "Shrek" was brought to life for the audience C. the work of animators D. how hard it is to make an animated film

Passage 57　 Robots look for life

The first scientists to visit Mars are not going to be flesh and blood humans, but metal robots. 　　 This summer, NASA (美国国家宇航局) plans to start the Mars Exploration Rovers mission (MER, "火星漫游者探险任务"), sending a pair of robotic twins into space. If all goes well, the six-wheeled rovers will be rolling around the Red Planet sometime in January 2004. 　　 NASA first sent a rover to Mars in 1997. It proved that the technology could get to, and land on, the planet. This time, the MER robot will act as a scientist and seek out any signs of water - past or present. 　　 Both MER robots will be delivered into space by a rocket. Wrapped in a landing shell, an airbag (气囊) will protect them when the shell hits the planet's surface. Once it lands, the shell will open, and the rovers will come out. 　　 "What we tried to do was take everything you'd find in a field scientist's bag on earth and make a robotic field scientist for Mars," said Steven Squyres, a NASA scientist. 　　 Each carries nine cameras, which will send pictures of Mars back down to Earth. One camera sits on the tip of each robot's arm. This arm is the same size as that of a human adult. Every time the robot moves, the cameras feed images to its computer. The computer then decides whether an obstacle can be dealt with or should be avoided. And if it gets in a real jam, the rover phones home for instructions. 　　 "The rule is: 'Don't go over anything larger than your wheel'," said Squyres. The wheels on each of the 180kg rovers stand at about 25cm tall.

And they move slowly - around 5cm per second. The MER robots are able to dig, in any rock, holes about 45mm wide and 5mm deep. This will allow researchers to study material that has been untouched by the extreme Martian (火星的) weather. 　　 During Mars' nights, MER robots can "sleep" for up to 18 hours. But sometimes they'll have to work late and conduct experiments in the dark. They will roll on Mars for 90 days.

Water on Mars?

In June 2000, NASA announced its discovery of water on Mars. Scientists believe that vast stores of water still exist below the surface. If the discovery is confirmed (证实), it would be a big step for NASA. Without water there can, and never could have been, any life.

2. The word "one" in the sentence in the last paragraph (Each one has 4,320 frames and six people working on it) refers to ______. A. animator B. animation C. sequence D. movie

1. When the animator decided how Shrek should walk, _______. A. they built his body in the computer just like a human's B. they drew a lot of pictures and chose the best looking one C. they made a clay model of the body D. they thought about Shrek's character

3. What does Rick Wagoner mean by "a fuel cell car is more than just a new concept car"? 　　　　 A. A fuel cell car is not something that only exists in future. 　　　　 B. A fuel cell car will be very important in the future. 　　　　 C. It will become a reality. 　　　　 D. A fuel cell car is still very expensive.

Passage 56　 Drawing comes alive

If you watched the animated film (动画电影), "Shrek", did you wonder how this big cartoon monster (怪物) could look, act and speak like a real human being? 　　 Well, people at DreamWorks in the US are now working on "Shrek 2". And they have given us a little look at the making of Shrek and how animation works. 　　 Shrek may be hi-tech now, but he started out as a simple piece of art. People drew hundreds of monsters until they found the best-looking one. He had to be ugly but lovable, says Raman Hui, the leading animator for the film. 　　 A clay (陶土) model of Shrek was then made. And animators made a three-dimensional (三维的) copy of the model on a computer. 　　 Building the body 　　 To make Shrek walk, talk and move like a person, they built his body in the computer as if it were a human body. First, they made a skeleton (骨架). The joints (knees, fingers and so on) are controlled by the animator. And they move like a real body. 　　 Then, it took three months to decide "how a monster should act" said Hui. Since Shrek is so heavy, they decided he shouldn't walk too fast. But, "when we made him walk more slowly, he looked too old... So we made him walk like a muscular (强健的) man. ... If you watch, when he moves pretty fast, you will see that his tummy bounces (肚子抖动)." 　　 Better moves 　　 When Shrek speaks, his mouth matches his words. Stand in front of a mirror and say "donkey". See the shape of your mouth? Computer animators copy that shape and put it on Shrek's mouth when he says "donkey" to make it move just like yours. 　　 Animators then started working on Shrek's looks - his face, his skin, his clothing. They got their ideas from all over the place. For example, the texture (纹路) on Shrek's jaw came from a photo of the jaw of one of the animators. 　　 Putting it together

Three minutes of animation is called a "sequence". Each sequence is first drawn out by hand so the animators know what to do. 　　 Each one has 4,320 frames and six people working on it. In "Shrek", each sequence took two months to finish. There were about 30 in total and 128,000 frames. As each sequence is finished, editors put it in the right place of the movie. And when all the sequences are finished, the movie is done. "Shrek" took three years to complete.