59. Why is Franklin described as “Dark Lady of DNA”?

A. She developed pictures in dark labs.

B. She discovered the black X-the shape of DNA.

C. Her name was forgotten after her death.

D. Her contribution was unknown to the public.

58. Watson was angry with Franklin because she ______.

A. took the lead in the competition　　　　　 B. kept her results from him

C. proved some of his findings wrong　　　 D. shared her data with other scientists

57. What is the text mainly about?

A. The disagreements among DNA researchers. 　　B. The unfair treatment of Franklin.

C. The process of discovering DNA. 　　　　　D The race between two teams of scientists.

56. What should parents do in raising a teenager according to the text?

A.　　　 Not allow him to learn driving or take drugs.

B. Give him advice only when necessary.

B.　　　 Let him have his own telephone.

D. Not talk about personal things with him.

E

Four people in England, back in 1953, stared at photo 51. it wasn’t much -a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed-the shape of DNA. The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Willkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.

Her name was Rosalind Franklin. “She should have been up there,” says historian Mary Bowden. “ If her photo hadn’t been there, the others couldn’t have come up with the structure. ” One reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholar doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitions.

At Cambridge University in the 1950s, Watson and Crick tried to make models by cutting up shapes of DNA’s parts and then putting them together. In the meantime, at King’s College in London, Franklin and Wilkins shone X-rays at the molecule(分子). The rays produced patterns reflecting the shape.

But Wilkins and Franklin’s relationship was a lot rockier than the celebrated teamwork of Watson and Crick. Wilkins thought Franklin was hired to be his assistant. But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project.

What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return, “Mere inspection suggested that she would not easily bend. Clearly she had to go or be put in her place. ”

As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina Abir-Am. In 1962 at the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin. Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that “Franklins was only two steps away from the solution.”

No, Franklin was the solution. “She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA. She must be considered a co-discoverer,” Abir-Am says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the “Dark Lady of DNA”, Franklin is finally coming into the light.

55. What does the phrase “clam up” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A. become excited　　　　　　　　 B. show respect

C. refuse to talk　　　　　　　　　 D. seek help

54. The main purpose of the text is to tell parents ___________.

A.　　　 how to get along with a teenager　　 B. 　how to respect a teenager

C.　　　 how to understand a teenager　　　　 D. 　how to help a teenager grow up

53. The text suggests that in the future we_________________.

A.　　　 may have to fight against more new diseases　　 B should not be allowed to have pets

C. may easily get infected by diseases from dogs　 D. should stop buying pets from Africa

D

It’s not easy being a teenager-nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your child feel angry, hurt, or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself. It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while making him realize that you’ll still be there for him when he needs you.

Expect a lot from your child, just not everything. Except for health and safety problems, such as drug use or careless driving, consider everything else open to discussion. If your child is unwilling to discuss something, don’t insist he tell you what’s on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that he’ll clam up. Instead, let him attempt to solve(解决)things by himself. Show respect for your teenager’s privacy(隐私). Never read his mail or listen in on personal conversations.

Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family. If your child talks on the family’s telephone for too long, tell him he can talk for 15 minutes, but then he must stay off the phone for at least an equal period of time. This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls, but teaches your teenager moderation(节制). Or if you are open to the idea, allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part-time job.

52. What does the phrase “the wake-up call” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?

A. a new disease　　　　　　　　 B. a clear warning

C. a dangerous animal　　　　　　 D. a morning animal

51. Why did Isaksen advise people not to have foreign pets?

A. They attack human beings. 　　　　　B. We need to study native animals.

C. They can’t live out of the rain forest. 　D. We do not know much about them yet.

50. We learn from Paragraph I that the pet sold at the shop may___________

A. come from Columbia　　　　　　　 B. enjoy being with children

C. prevent us from being infected　　　 D. suffer from monkey-pox