People like different kinds of vacations. Some go camping, They swim, fish ,cook over a fire and sleep outside Others like to stay at a hotel in an exciting city They go shopping all day and go dancing all night Or maybe they go sightseeing go places such Disneyland ,the Tai Mahal or the bouvre .

Some people are bored with sightseeing trips, They don’t want to be “tourists”. They want to have an adventure-a surprising and exciting trip .They want to learn something and maybe help people too .How can they do this? Some travel companies and environmental groups are planning special adventures. Sometimes these trips are difficult and full of hardships, but they’re a lot of fun .One organization, Earthwatch, sends of the world . Some volunteers spend two weeks and study the environment Others word with animals. Others learn about people of the past

Would you like an adventure in the Far North? A team of volunteers is leaving from Murmansk. Russia The leader of this trip is a professor from Alaska, He’s worried about chemicals from factories. He and the volunteers will study this pollution in the environment, If you like exercise and cold weather, this is a good trip for you, volunteers need ski sixteen kilometers every day .

Do you enjoy ocean animals? You can spend two to four weeks in Hawaii. There can follow orders such as “Bring me the large ball”, They also understand opposites .How much more can they understand? It will be exciting to learn about these intelligent animals Another study trip goes to Washington State and follows .How much More can they understand? It will be exciting to learn about these intelligent animals Another study trip goes to Washington Stare and follows orcas. We call orcas “Killer Whale ,”but they ‘re really dolphins-the largest kind of dolphin These beautiful animals travel together in family groups ,They move through the ocean with their mothers. They move through the ocean with their mothers, grandmothers and great –grandmothers . Ocean pollution is chasing their lives. Earthwatch is studying how this happens .

Are you interested in history? Then Greece is the place for your adventure. Thirty-five hundred years ago a volcane exploded there, on Santorini. This explosion was more terrible than Krakatoa or Mount Saint Helens. But today, we know a lot about the way of life of the people from that time. There are houses, kitchens, and paintings as interesting as those in pompei. Today reams of volunteers are learning more about people from the past .

Do you want a very different vacation? Do you want to travel far, word hard and learn a lot ? Then an Earthwatch vacation is for you .

The Tai Mahal may be      

A. a shopping center        B. a hotel      C. a dancing hall       D. a place of interest

From the passage, on an adverture trip, people           

A. ay not spend much time on sighteeing       B. won’t meet some difficulties or hardships

C. can enjoy themselves                    D. can’t learn something

If you want to learn something about people of the past ,you can        

A. join the team to Hawaii              B. join the team to the Far North

C. join the team to Washington          D. join the team to Greece

The word intelligent in para4means          

A. exciting       B. beautiful       C. large         D. clever

Which of the following is false ?

A. Some people find sightseeing trips boring.

   B. Earth watch is planning various special adventures

C. The number of orcas is decreasing .

D. Volcano Explosions in all broke out 3500years ago in Greece

The volunteers will visit the primary school next Monday ,_______all the students are children of migrant workers,

A. which     B. who       C. when      D. where

 

Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers.

Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.

The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害的) it can have a major effect on the quality of life, and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem,” said Professor Peter Barnes.

Ten healthy volunteers(志愿者) were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicine are stopping coughs.

The team found that, when the volunteers were given theobromine, the capsaicin need to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they need only slightly higher levers of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo.

The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a verve activity(神经活动), which cause coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments, theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.

1.According to Professor Barnes, theobromine ______.

A．cannot be as effective as codeine

B．can be harmful to people’s health

C．cannot be separated from chocolate

D．can be a more effective cure for coughs

2.What was used in the experiment to cause coughing?

A．Theobromine.

B．Codeine.

C．Capsaicin.

D．Placebo.

3.We learn from the text that volunteers in the experiment _____.

A．were patients with bad coughs

B．were divided into the three groups

C．received standard treatments

D．suffered little side effects

4.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A．Codeine: A New Medicine	B．Chocolate May Cure Coughs
C．Cough Treatment: A Hard Case	D．Theobromine Can Cause Coughs

 

Volunteers, as an essential part of a successful world exposition, are a major channel for the public to participate in, serve and share the world exposition and a means to showcase the image of the host country and city. The following information is about the volunteer for the World Exposition 2010 Shanghai China．

I．Basic Requirements for Volunteers                         

●   Be willing to participate in voluntary services of Expo 2010;      

●   Age limit: Expo Site volunteers must be born before April 30, 1992 and Expo City Voluntary Service Station volunteers before April 30, 1994;

●   Obey the laws and regulations of the PRC;

●   Be able to participate in training and relevant activities before the opening of Expo 2010;

●   Possess necessary knowledge and skills needed by the position;

●  Be in good health to meet the requirements of corresponding voluntary positions．

II．Further Information for Volunteers

●  Source

      Residents of Chinese mainland, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese, and foreigners can all apply to be the volunteers．

●  Signup methods

Applicants may log in onto the official websites for online signup．They may also consult or connect with the Expo Volunteer Stations．

●  Time

May 1 - December 31, 2009

Ⅲ．Volunteer Training

    Volunteer training includes general training, special training and position training．General training is carried out through internet, while special training and position training are provided through classroom lectures and field practice．

IV．Volunteer Types

●  Expo Site volunteers refer to those offering voluntary services to visitors and the Organizer in the Expo Site, mainly including information, visitor flow management, reception, translation and interpretation, assistance for the disabled, and assistance in media service, event and conference organization and．volunteer management．

● Information booth volunteers are stationed in the Expo's information booths at key transportation centers, commercial outlets, tourist attractions, restaurants, hotels and cultural event places outside the Expo Site．They offer services including information, translation, interpretation and even first aid．

1.If you were born in April 1993, where can you be a volunteer?

    A．In the Expo City．           B．In the host country．

    C．In the Expo Site．      D．In Chinese mainland

2.Which of the training will be done on the Internet?

    A．Position training．            B．General training．

    C．Classroom training．          D．Special training．

3.Which of the following service is offered by information booth volunteers?

    A．Assistance in media service．        B．Helping the disabled

    C．Emergency First aid．            D．Visitor flow management．

 

A team from Krakow, in Poland, used functional magnetic resonance imaging （机能性核共振成像）（FMRI）to assess brain activity when 40 volunteers were shown various images．Men showed activity in areas which dealt with what action they should take in order to avoid or face up to danger．But the study found more activity in the emotional centers of women's brains．The researchers, from another university, carried out scans on 21 men and 19 women．Brain activity was monitored while the volunteers were shown images of objects and images from ordinary life designed to remind different emotional states．

The images were displayed in two runs．For the first run, only negative pictures were shown．For the second run, only positive pictures were shown．

While viewing the negative images, women showed stronger and broader activity in the left thalamus（神经床）．This is an area which passes sense information to the pain and pleasure centres of the brain．Men showed more activity in an area of the brain called the left insula（脑岛）, which plays a key role in controlling natural functions, including breath, heart rate and digestion．Generally, activity in this area tells the body to either run away from danger, or meet it head on - the so-called "fight or flight response"．

While viewing positive images, women showed stronger activity in an area of the brain associated with memory．With men, the stronger activity was recorded in an area associated with visual processing．Dr Urbanik believes these differences suggest women may analyze positive stimuli（刺激）in a broader social context and associate positive images with a particular memory．

For instance, viewing a picture of a smiling child might remind memories of a woman's own child at this age．On the contrary, male responses tend to be less emotional．

1．The research shows that men response differently to__________compared with women．

A．different images    B．ordinary life 

C．different activities        D．medical scan

2．According to the passage, when faced with danger, ____________．

A．women react more slowly than men       B．women usually try to avoid it 

C．men usually have no reaction         D．men react to it more directly

3．What is discussed in the 4 th paragraph?         ．

A．Men and women’s different memories   B．The different responses to the children

C．Different reactions to positive stimuli    D．Negative results of the visual processing

3．The passage mainly develops______．

A．by inferring                   B．by comparing  

C．by listing examples       D．by giving explanations