Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely enough, the answer to both these questions is yes. To some degree our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of a person's intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.

　　It is easy to show that intelligence is to some degree something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random(随机地) from the population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If on the other hand we take two identical (完全相同的) twins they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.

　　Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.    

Which of these sentences best describes the writer’s point in Para. 1?

　　A. To some degree, intelligence is given at birth.

　　B. Intelligence is developed by the environment.

　　C. Some people are born clever and others born stupid.

　　D. Intelligence is fixed at birth, but is developed by the environment.

It is suggested in this passage that_______.

　　A. unrelated people are not likely to have different intelligence

　　B. close relations usually have similar intelligence

　　C. the closer the blood relationship between people, the more different they are likely to be

  in intelligence

　　D. people who live in close contact with each other are not likely to have similar degrees

　 　　of intelligence

In Para. 1, the word "surroundings" means_______.

　　A. intelligence 　 　 B. life      C. environments 　 　D. housing

The best title for this article would be_______.

　　A. On Intelligence              B. What Intelligence Means

　　C. We are Born with Intelligence  D. Environment Plays a Part in Developing Intelligence

It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh any financial considerations.

　　Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.

　　The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制药的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.

　　Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”

1.By “a one-way street” in Paragraph One, the author means ________.

　 A. university researchers know little about the commercial world

　 B. there is little exchange between industry and academia

　 C. few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university

　 D. few university professors are willing to do industrial research

2.The underlined word “deterrent” most probably refers to something that ________.

　 A. keeps someone from taking action      B. helps to move the traffic

C. attracts people’s attention              D. brings someone a financial burden

3.What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?

A. Flexible work hours.                        

B. Her research interests.

C. Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.

D. Prospects of academic accomplishments.

4. Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ________.

　 A. do financially more rewarding work

　 B. raise his status in the academic world

　 C. enrich his experience in medical research

　 D. exploit better intellectual opportunities

5.What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?

　 A. Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in the job market.

　 B. Develop its students’ potential in research.

　 C. Help it to obtain financial support from industry.

D. Gear its research towards practical applications.

完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）出可以填入空白的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

It is not polite to arrive at a dinner party more than 15 to 20 minutes late. The host or hostess usually waits for all the guests to arrive before __21__ the meal. If someone is late, the food may be spoiled, and so might the host or hostess’s __22__. If you have to be late, call and tell them to __23__ you.

It’s even __24__to be early! The host or hostess will probably not be__25__. If you are early, drive or walk around the block a few times, or just sit in your car __26__the right time.

Though it is often important to arrive on time, yet__27__, for open houses, the host or hostess invites guests to arrive and leave __28__a certain time. You can arrive at any time __29__the time he or she gives you.

It’s polite to bring an empty stomach, but it’s even nicer to bring a small present. The present should not cost__30__, or you might embarrass the host or hostess. Flowers, wine, or a box of candy will __31__. Never bring money as a present.

In an introduction, the order of a name: (1) the given name, (2) the family name. In other words the given name comes __32__. It’s important not only to learn and remember names, but to__33__them often in conversation. After the __34__we usually call friends by their given names. __35__may want you to call them by their titles and__36__, such as “Mr. Jones” “Mrs. Johnson” or “Dr. Brown”.

A maiden name is a woman’s family name __37__. In the United States and Canada, after a woman marries, she __38__the family name of her husband__39__her maiden name. It is now becoming __40__, however, for women to keep their maiden names after getting married.

21. A. making                              B. serving                            C. doing                               D. cooling

22. A. soul                                    B. spirits                              C. thought                           D. idea

23. A. have with　                   B. have without                 C. start with　                D. start without

24. A. nice　                             B. nicer　　                     C. worse　                       D. bad

25. A. back　　                          B. in                             C. up　                              D. ready

26. A. until                                    B. after                                C. before　                         D. by

27. A. in the other hand  B. on the other hand        C. in another hand   D. on another hand

28. A. between　                    B. among                   C. for                                    D. at

29. A. within                                B. by                                     C. on                                     D. in

30. A. many                                  B. a little                              C. a lot                                 D. a few

31. A. be well                               B. be right                           C. do well                            D. do fine

32. A. after                                   B. before                             C. first                                  D. later

33. A. recall                                  B. respect                           C. speak                             D. retell

34. A. meeting                            B. conversation　             C. introduction                   D. dinner

35. A. Older people                   B. Young people                 C. Gentlemen                   D. Doctors

36. A. given names                    B. first names                   C. family names                 D. nick names

37. A. on birth                    B. from birth            C. with birth　                D. at birth

38. A. gives                                  B. brings　                       C. carries                   D. takes

39. A. instead                              B. in place of                       C. takes place                   D. in place

40. A. important                         B. necessary                       C. special                   D. common

I don't think there is anything wrong with your blood. The key to your problem is that long nap（打盹,小睡）after dinner. If you didn't sleep for hours during the early part of the evening, you would be more ready to sleep at bedtime. If you didn't nap after dinner, you would not want to stay up so late, and you would not feel the need to take a sleeping pill. The pill is still working in your system when you get up in the morning. This helps account for the fact that you feel tired all day. You should get out of the habit of sleeping during the evening. Right after your evening meal, engage in some sort of physical activity - a sport such as bowling, perhaps. Or get together with friends for an evening of cards and conversation. Then go to bed at your usual time or a little earlier, and you should be able to get a good nights rest without taking a pill.
　　If you can get into the habit of spending your evenings this way, I am sure you will feel less tired during the day. At first it may be hard for you to go to sleep without taking a pill. If so, get up and watch television or do some jobs around your house until you feel sleepy. If you fall asleep and then wake up a few hours later, get up but do not take a sleeping pill. Read a while or listen to the radio, and make yourself a few hours'sleep that night, you will feel better in the morning than you usually feel after taking a pill. The next night you will be ready to sleep at an earlier hour.
　　The most important thing is to avoid taking that nap right after dinner and avoid taking pills.
1. According to the writer, it is difficult for you to go to sleep because　　　　　.
　　A. you get the habit of staying up late      B. you haven't taken sleeping pills
　　C. you sleep for hours after dinner         D. you fail to do some exercises
2. Which of the following is NOT true if you want to get out of the habit of sleeping during the evening?
A. Go to bed earlier than usual. 　　　B. Talk with friends after dinner.
C. Stay with friends after dinner. 　　 D. Do some physical labor. 
3. You feel tired all day probably because　　　　　.
A. you stay up too late 　　　B. you get up too early in the morning
C. you take sleeping pills 　　D. you wake up too frequently at night
4. Which of the following is true according to the passage
A. You mustn't take sleeping pills in order to get a good night's sleep.
B. You should stay up if you want to sleep effectively.
C. Food is necessary at night if you fail to go to sleep.
D. It is very important to get out of the habit of taking a nap after dinner.
5. We may infer that the author is most probably a　　　　　.
A. doctor　　　B. scientist 　　C.  reporter　　 D. professor

Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or only there to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find a shelter from a sudden shower. Whatever the reason, you can soon totally unaware of your surroundings. You soon become interested in some books or others, and usually it is only much later that you realize you have spent too much time there and have to rush off to keep some forgotten appointment.

This chance to escape the realities of everyday life is the main attraction of a bookshop. A music shop is very much like a bookshop. You can walk around such a place to your heart's content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will come up to you with the greeting "Can I help you?" You needn't buy anything you don't want. In a bookshop an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished reading. Then, and only then, are his services necessary.

Once a medical student had to read a textbook which was far too expensive for him to buy. He couldn't borrow it from the library and the only copy he could find was in a certain bookshop. Every afternoon, therefore, he would go along to the shop and read a little of the book at a time. One day, however, he was disappointed to find the book missing from his usual place. He was about to leave, when he noticed the owner of the shop beckoning to him. Expecting to be told off, he went towards him. To his surprise, the owner pointed to the book which was tucked away in a corner. "I put it there in case anyone tries to buy it !"He said, and left the delighted student continuing his reading.

1.According to the passage the main attraction of a bookshop is that ________.

A. people can learn something from books 　 　

B. it can be a shelter from a sudden rain

C. it is the surrounding of new knowledge 　　

D. it offers a chance to get free from realities

2.The writer thinks that the assistant in a good bookshop should ________.

A. always greet customers pleasantly and warmly 　　

B. help the readers to find what they want to read

C. not say a word to the customers while they read 　　

D. not stand behind the bookshelf all the time

3.The underlined word "beckoning" in the last paragraph means ________.

A. waving somebody to come up 　    B. laughing at a person openly

C. shouting at somebody angrily     D. shaking one's head to show disagreement

4.The purpose of the writer in writing the third paragraph is to ________.

A. tell us a story that happened in a bookshop 　　

B. support his idea of what a good bookshop is like

C. teach us how to read in a shop without buying books

D. advise us to help other people whenever we can