Industrial pollution is not only a problem for the countries of Europe and North America but also an extremely serious problem in some developing countries. For these countries, economic growth is a very important aim. They want to introduce industries, and so they put few controls on the industries which cause pollution.

Cubatao, an industrial town of 85 000 people in Brazil, is an example of the connection between industrial development and pollution. In 1954, Cubatao had no industry. Today it has more than twenty large factories, which produce many pollutants(污染物). The people of the town are suffering from the poisonous matter in their environment and the bad effects can be clearly seen. Birth shortcomings are extremely common. Among children and adults, lung problems are sometimes twelve times more common in Cubatao than in other places.

It is true that Brazil, like many other countries, has laws against pollution, but these laws are not enforced strictly enough. It is cheaper for companies to take no notice of the laws and pay the fines(罚款) than to buy the expensive equipment that will reduce the pollution. It is clear, therefore, that economic growth is more important to the government than to the health of the workers. However, the responsibility(责任) does not completely lie with the Brazilian government. The example of Cubatao shows that international companies are not acting in a responsible way either. A number of the factories in the town are owned by large companies from France, Italy, and the U. S. They are doing things in Brazil that they would not be able to do at home. If they caused the same amount of pollution at home, they would be severely(严厉地) punished or even put out of business.

1. Why don’t developing countries have strict pollution controls?

A. The new industries they want to introduce do not cause much pollution.

B. Pollution is not a serious problem for developing countries.

C. They don’t realize the balance of nature will be destroyed by some pollutants.

D. If they put stricter controls on industry, fewer companies would build new plants in developing countries.

2. What is the author’s purpose in taking Cubatao as an example?

A. To show that industry can develop very fast in developing countries.

B. To show that the pollution problem in Brazil is extremely serious. 

C. To show that industrial growth can cause pollution problems for developing countries.

D. To show that pollution is killing many people and destroying the whole economy of Brazil.

3. How is the health of the population of Cubatao?

A. There are more heart diseases among people who live near chemical factories.

B. More people suffer from lung diseases because of poisonous matter.

C. Their health is affected by pollutants the same way as that of other Brazilians.

D. Babies there are found not as bright as those who live in other places.

4. Why do some foreign companies like to set up their plants in Brazil?

A. The investment(投资) environment in Brazil is suitable for them.

B. They will not be severely punished if they cause pollution in Brazil.

C. They can make much money because they do not have to pay Brazilian workers much.

D. They can act in an irresponsible(不负责任的) way in Brazil because there are no pollution laws there.

In the United States, 30 percent of the people have a “weight problem”. To many people the cause is obvious (明显的): they eat too much. But scientific evidence (证据) does little to support this idea. Going back to America of 1910, we find that people were thinner than today, yet they at e more food. In those days people worked harder physically, walked more, used machines much less, and didn’t watch television.

Several modern studies, moreover, have shown that fatter people don’t eat more on average than thinner people. A 1979 study of 3,545 London office workers showed that fat people eat less than slim (苗条的) people.

Studies also show that slim people are more active than fat people. A study by a research group at Stanford University found the following interesting facts:

The more the man ran, the greater loss of the body fat.

The more they ran, the greater increase in food intake.

Thus, those who ran the most ate the most, yet lost the greatest amount of body fat.

1.Nowadays many Americans have the problem that ______.

A．they are too slim	B．they work too hard
C．they are too fat	D．they lose too much body fat

2.According to the passage, how many people in 900 Americans have a “weight problem”?

A．150.

B．300.

C．600.

D．270.

3.Is there any scientific evidence to support the idea that eating too much is the cause of a “weight problem”?

A．Yes, there is plenty of evidence.

B．Of course, there is some evidence to support this.

C．There is hardly any scientific evidence to support this.

D．We are not sure.

4.The Americans in 1910 ________.

A．ate more food and had more physical activities

B．ate less food but had more physical activities

C．ate less food and had less physical activities

D．had more problems

 

The air company going from bad to worse, the workers____________ hardly enough to make a living.

A. are paid        B. are paying     C. have paid   D. paid

Surfing the Internet for fun will make you a better employee, according to an Australian study.
The University of Melbourne study shows that people who use the Internet for their own reasons at work are about 9 percent more productive than those who do not. Study author Brent Coker said, “Surfing the Internet at times helps increase an employee’s attention.”
“People need to relax for a bit to get back their attention,” Coker said on the university’s website. “Having a short break, such as a quick surfing of the Internet, helps the mind to rest itself, leading to a higher total Internet attention for a day’s work, and as a result, increases productivity(生产效率),”he said.
According to the study of 300 workers, 70 percent of people who use the Internet at work surf the Internet for their own reasons during office hours. Among the most popular surfing activities are searching for information about products, reading online news, playing online games and watching videos. “Firms spend a lot of money on software to block their employees from watching video, using social networking sites or shopping online,” said Coker. “That’s not always a good idea.”
However, Coker said the study looked at people who surfed the Internet in moderation (适度), or were on the Internet for less than 20 percent of their total time in the office. “Those who spend too much time surfing the Internet will have a lower productivity than those without,” he said.
【小题1】 What does the University of Melbourne study mainly show?

A．People who surf the Internet are good employees.

B．Not everyone surfs the Internet for fun during office hours.

C．Surfing the Internet for fun during office hours increases productivity.

D．The Internet is becoming more and more important in people’s life.

【小题2】According to Paragraph 3, Brent Coker would most probably agree that______.

A．the longer a person’s mind rests ,the better attention he will have

B．surfing the Internet is the best way to increase productivity

C．workers should have a long break during office hours

D．Workers should let their minds rest now and then

【小题3】 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as one of the most popular surfing activities?

A．Watching videos.	B．Reading online news.
C．Reading online novels	D．Playing online games.

【小题4】The underlined word “block” in Paragrap4 means “_____”.

A．prevent

B．cycle

C．burst

D．breathe

【小题5】What can we infer form the last paragraph?

A．Spending too much time surfing the Internet reduces productivity.

B．Those who never surf the Internet have the lowest productivity.

C．Most people don’t surf the Internet in moderation during office hours.

D．People should spend as little time as possible surfing the Internet.

根据下列句子及所给汉语注释，在相应的横线上写出各单词的正确形式。

1.He was deeply ________ (留下印象) by his speech.

2.As we know, there are seven ________ (大洲) in the world.

3.We were ________ (使…相信) that the film was worth seeing.

4.Please ________ (观察) the two pants carefully and tell me the differences.

5.The heroes in his novel were  ________ (以……为基础)on the workers here.

6.He suggested the classrooms should be ________ (配以设备) with computers.

7.Look at the kite. It’s ________ (漂浮) on the surface of the water.

8.The boy ________ (道歉) to his teacher for being late for class yesterday.

9.All these rules will ________（使…受益）everyone here.

10.Football is played ________ （遍及）the world.

11.You can ________ (咨询) your teacher if you have problems with your study.

12. New Zealand is ________ (包围)by the Pacific Ocean to the north and east.

13.Kids should be ________（保护）from all that violence.

14.“I don’t like the film,” he ________ (低语) to me.

15. It is good manners to show ________（尊重）to the old.