Global warming is the process of earth’s atmosphere heating up. Over the last 100 years, the average temperature of earth’s atmosphere has gone up 1 Fahrenheit. The weather has not changed exactly the same way in every area of the planet. But scientists think that the rise in average temperature is already affecting the earth’s climate.

Many scientists now believe that global warming is caused by cutting down trees, producing more trash, and polluting the environment which are some of the reasons why the temperature has gone up. Many scientists believe that the biggest causes of global warming are new human technologies that release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

The greenhouse effect is not new. Certain gases in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane, making it hard for heat energy to go into space. In the past, the climate didn’t change much because nature produced just the right amount of greenhouse gases to deal with it.

Today, most scientists are pretty sure that the rising temperature can’t be blamed on nature. Ever since the industrial revolution in the 1700s, humans have relied on machines for daily life. And many of those machines give off a lot of greenhouse gases. An increase in the release of greenhouse gases from human activities is throwing nature off balance.

The climate is a very complicated thing, but many scientists agree that the rising atmospheric temperature has already damaged the environment. Sheets of ice, called glaciers, are melting in Antarctica and other parts of the globe. As glaciers break off and melt into the oceans, they are adding warm water to the oceans and causing the sea level to rise.

Over the past 100 years, the sea level has risen 6-8 inches around the world. That means land along the coasts is beginning to disappear under water. Bigger and warmer oceans are also adding to other weather problems caused by pollution in the atmosphere. Some places have received more rain, others have had bigger storms and a few areas in the world have experienced unusual droughts.

1.What is mainly talked about in this passage?

   A. The melting of glaciers.                B. Global warming.

   C. The world’s weather.                     D. The earth’s temperature.

2.What causes global warming according to scientists?

   A. Human activities.                        B. The nature itself.

   C. The earth’s atmosphere.                  D. New discoveries

3.How can greenhouse gases make the globe warm?

   A. They keep heat in the atmosphere.            B. They let the heat go out into space.

   C. They release heat into the air.              D. They can make the other gases warm.

4.From the passage we can see that global warming will bring about _____.

   A. the pollution in the atmosphere              B. natural disasters

   C. population pollution                         D. the rise of glaciers

 

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　 　 Industrial pollution is not only a problem for the countries of Europe and North America but also an extremely serious problem in some developing countries.１ They want to introduce industries, and so they put few controls on the industries which cause pollution.

　 　 Cubatao, an industrial town of 85 000 people in Brazil, is an example of the connection between industrial development and pollution. In 1954, Cubatao had no industry.２　The people of the town are suffering from the poisonous matter in their environment．３ Birth shortcomings are extremely common. Among children and adults, lung problems are sometimes twelve times more common in Cubatao than in other places.

　　　４ However,  these laws are not strict enough. It is cheaper for companies to take no notice of the laws and pay the fines(罚款) than to buy the expensive equipment that will reduce the pollution. It is clear, therefore, that economic growth is more important to the government than to the health of the workers.

　　　However, the responsibility does not completely lie with the Brazilian government. ５A number of the factories in the town are owned by large companies from France, Italy, and the U. S. They are doing things in Brazil that they would not be able to do at home. If they caused the same amount of pollution at home, they would be severely punished or even put out of business.

A．So the bad effects can be clearly seen.

B．It is true that Brazil has laws against pollution,

C．For these countries, economic growth is a very important aim.

D．The pollution in Cubatao is caused by the changes of the companiess.

Ｅ．The government should play an important role in controlling pollution.

Ｆ．Today it has more than twenty large factories, which produce many pollutants(污染物)．

Ｇ．The example of Cubatao shows that international companies are not acting in a responsible way either.

 

We  have been trying all measures to reduce pollution in the past few years. Now people can enjoy a fresh environment everywhere. The following two graphs are adopted from the column of “City Information” on the webpage of Beijing Review.
Graph 1: Olympic Cities Air Quality Report

City	Date	API	Major Pollutant	Air Quality Degree	Quality Condition
Beijing	Sep. 8	37	N/A	Ⅰ	Very good
Qinhuangdao	Sep. 8	52	PM10	Ⅱ	Good
Qingdao	Sep. 8	68	PM10	Ⅱ	Good
Shanghai	Sep. 8	67	PM10	Ⅱ	Good
Shenyang	Sep. 8	88	PM10	Ⅱ	Good
Tianjin	Sep. 8	54	PM10	Ⅱ	Good

 
Graph 2: Chinese National Standard

API Values	Levels of health concern	Colors
When the API is in this range:	...air quality conditions are:	...as symbolized by this color:
0 to 50	Very good	Blue
51 to 100	Good	Green
101 to 150	Slight pollution	Yellow
151 to 200	Moderate pollution	Orange
201 to 250	Medium pollution	Red
251 to 300	High pollution	Purple
301 to 500	Hazardous	Brown

Notes:
**API stands for Air Pollution Index(指数).
**Particulate matter (PM10) is a major component of air pollution that threatens both our health and our environment. It consists of very small liquid and solid particles floating in the air.
**Sulfur dioxide(SO2) acts as an acid．Inhalation(吸入) results in labored breathing, coughing, or a sore throat and may cause permanent lung damage.
【小题1】According to Graph 1, which of the following cities has the worst air pollution?

A．Qinhuangdao.

B．Tianjin.

C．Qingdao

D．Shenyang.

【小题2】If your city is symbolized by either red or purple, the pollution in your city is     .

A．Moderate or high.	B．Moderate or slight.
C．Medium or high.	D．Medium or slight.

【小题3】Which of the following statements is TURE?

A．With API value below 150 the air is free from being polluted.

B．The colors from purple to Yellow indicate the air quality is becoming much worse.

C．When there are floating solid particles and dust in the air, it is dangerous pollution.

D．On September 8th the color-symbol of Beijing City’s air quality is ‘Blue’.

【小题4】When more citizens are beginning to have labored breathing soon after they are in the open air, it suggests that            .

A．there is a large amount of sulfur dioxide in the air

B．it is so cold that they may have caught a cold

C．they are starting to cough or have a fever

D．they must be infected with permanent lung disease

China’s government has been trying all measures to reduce pollution in the past few years. Now people can enjoy a fresh environment everywhere. The following two graphs are adopted from the column of “City Information” on the webpage of Beijing Review.
Graph 1: Olympic Cities Air Quality Report

City	Date	API	Major Pollutant	Air Quality Degree	Quality Condition
Beijing	Sep. 8	37	N/A	Ⅰ	Very good
Qinhuangdao	Sep. 8	52	PM10	Ⅱ	Good
Qingdao	Sep. 8	68	PM10	Ⅱ	Good
Shanghai	Sep. 8	67	PM10	Ⅱ	Good
Shenyang	Sep. 8	88	PM10	Ⅱ	Good
Tianjin	Sep. 8	54	PM10	Ⅱ	Good

 
Graph 2: Chinese National Standard

API Values	Levels of health concern	Colors
When the API is in this range:	...air quality conditions are:	...as symbolized by this color:
0 to 50	Very good	Blue
51 to 100	Good	Green
101 to 150	Slight pollution	Yellow
151 to 200	Moderate pollution	Orange
201 to 250	Medium pollution	Red
251 to 300	High pollution	Purple
301 to 500	Hazardous	Brown

Notes:
**API stands for Air Pollution Index(指数).
**Particulate matter (PM10) is a major component of air pollution that threatens both our health and our environment. It consists of very small liquid and solid particles floating in the air.
**Sulfur dioxide(SO2) acts as an acid．Inhalation(吸入) results in labored breathing, coughing, or a sore throat and may cause permanent lung damage.
【小题1】According to Graph 1, which of the following cities has the worst air pollution?

A．Qinhuangdao.	B．Tianjin.
C．Qingdao	D．Shenyang. .

【小题2】 If your city is symbolized by either red or purple, the pollution in your city is     .

A．Moderate or high.	B．Moderate or slight.
C．Medium or high.	D．Medium or slight.

【小题3】Which of the following statements is TURE?

A．With API value below 150 the air is free from being polluted.

B．The colors from purple to Yellow indicate the air quality is becoming much worse.

C．When there are floating solid particles and dust in the air, it is dangerous pollution.

D．On September 8th the color-symbol of Beijing City’s air quality is ‘Blue’.

【小题4】When more citizens are beginning to have labored breathing soon after they are in the open air, it suggests that            .

A．there is a large amount of sulfur dioxide in the air

B．it is so cold that they may have caught a cold

C．they are starting to cough or have a fever

D．they must be infected with permanent lung disease

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
　 　 Industrial pollution is not only a problem for the countries of Europe and North America but also an extremely serious problem in some developing countries.【小题1】They want to introduce industries, and so they put few controls on the industries which cause pollution.
　 　 Cubatao, an industrial town of 85 000 people in Brazil, is an example of the connection between industrial development and pollution. In 1954, Cubatao had no industry.【小题2】　The people of the town are suffering from the poisonous matter in their environment．【小题3】Birth shortcomings are extremely common. Among children and adults, lung problems are sometimes twelve times more common in Cubatao than in other places.
　　　【小题4】However,  these laws are not strict enough. It is cheaper for companies to take no notice of the laws and pay the fines(罚款) than to buy the expensive equipment that will reduce the pollution. It is clear, therefore, that economic growth is more important to the government than to the health of the workers.
　　　However, the responsibility does not completely lie with the Brazilian government. 【小题5】A number of the factories in the town are owned by large companies from France, Italy, and the U. S. They are doing things in Brazil that they would not be able to do at home. If they caused the same amount of pollution at home, they would be severely punished or even put out of business.

A．So the bad effects can be clearly seen.

B．It is true that Brazil has laws against pollution,

C．For these countries, economic growth is a very important aim.

D．The pollution in Cubatao is caused by the changes of the companiess.

Ｅ．The government should play an important role in controlling pollution.
Ｆ．Today it has more than twenty large factories, which produce many pollutants(污染物)．
Ｇ．The example of Cubatao shows that international companies are not acting in a responsible way either.