Today, ultrasonic(超声的) waves are being put to work in laboratories and factories. If an ultrasound generator is placed in a liquid, the waves move the liquid back and forthhundreds of thousands of times each second. This causes materials to mix quickly or to dissolve(使分解，使溶解) in liquids. Paint manufacturers(制造商) use ultrasound to do a better job of blending colors. The companies that make film for your camera find that mixing chemicals by the use of sound waves will produce a more sensitive film.

The new lightweight(轻量的) type of washing machine uses ultrasonic waves to get

clothes clean. Its special ultrasound generator is put into a pail of soapy water containing the soiled clothes. The sound waves drive the soapy water back and forth through the

cloth so fast that everything is soon clean. There is also a new kind of dishwasher that works in much the same way.

Ultrasonic waves can shake a liquid so fast that tiny holes form all through it. The

liquid is actually torn apart by this action. Almost as soon as these holes are made, they fall together again. The result is a powerful pounding action. In the dairy industry this is used for the double purpose of making homogenized(使均匀，使匀质) milk and sterilizing(使无菌) it at the same time. If you look at some raw milk with a microscope, you find that it is made up of little drops of butter fat floating around in a watery liquid. In order to make milk easier to digest, these fat droplets(微粒) may be broken up by forcing the milk through very small openings. The result is called homogenized milk. When the ultrasonic method is used, the sound waves not only break up the droplets but also kill the germs in the milk by pounding them to pieces.

1.Why does a paint manufacturer use ultrasound to do a better job of blending colors?

A. Because it is cheap to use ultrasound to blend colors.

B. Because the waves move the liquid so quickly that it can make materials mix quickly or dissolve in liquids.

C. Because they can mix chemicals by the use of sound waves.

D. Because the waves can clean the paint.

2.What properties does ultrasound wave have?

A. Homogenizes and sterilizes the milk.        B. Mix materials and break droplets.

C. Kill germs and sterilize milk.              D. Move liquids quickly.

3.What exists in the raw milk?

A. Little drops of butter fat.               B. Small holes.

C. Fat droplets and germs.                D. Chemicals.

4.Where is ultrasound wave not used?

A. In the paint manufacture.                  B. In the shop mixing bread flour.

C. In the film-making company.           D. In the dairy industry.

                                    

Strange things were happening in the  51 in northeast Hebei Province. For three days the   52  in the village wells rose and fell. Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep  53  in them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. Fish jumped out of ponds. People saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes could be heard outside Tangshan even when no  54  were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, went to bed  55  that night.

At 3:42 am everything began to  56 . It seemed that the world was at an end! Eleven kilometers directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century  57 . It was heard in Beijing, which is one hundred kilometers away. One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters   58  cut across houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen   59  seconds a large city lay in ruins. Two-thirds of the people died or were injured during the   60 . Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. The   61  of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.

But how could the   62  believe it was natural? Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. All of the city’s hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. No wind, however, could blow them away. Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for   63 . The railway tracks were now useless pieces of   64 . Tens of thousands of cows would never give   65  again. Half a million pigs and millions of chickens had died. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were   66 . Then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. More buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were   67  to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.

All hope was not lost. The army sent 150,000   68  to Tangshan to help the rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands of people were   69 . The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. To the north of the city, most of the 10.000 miners were rescued from the coalmines. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to   70  again.

1.	A．city B．school C．bookstore D．countryside

 

2.	A．fish B．water C．pigs D．chicken

 

3.	A．cracks B．holes C．pictures D．colours

 

4.	A．cars B．truck C．ship D．planes

 

5.	A．as usual B．as follows C．as to D．as for

 

6.	A．run B．fly C．shake D．stop

 

7.	A．ended B．continued C．began D．went

 

8.	A．high B．wide C．round D．away

 

9.	A．terrible B．lovely C．happy D．ordinary

 

10.	A．meeting B．class C．rain D．earthquake

 

11.	A．number B．house C．money D．goods

 

12.	A．workers B．teachers C．survivors D．death

 

13.	A．playing B．digging C．sleeping D．traveling

 

14.	A．wood B．plastics C．steel D．paper

 

15.	A．milk B．water C．Cola D．birth

 

16.	A．pleased B．shocked C．frightened D．interested

 

17.	A．hard B．easy C．ready D．expensive

 

18.	A．volunteers B．soldiers C．farmers D．students

 

19.	A．helped B．killed C．injured D．trapped

 

20.	A．shake B．die C．build D．breathe

 

Botany （植物学） , the study of plants, occupies a particular position in the history of human knowledge．For many thousands of years it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anything more than the vaguest （模糊的）） of insights．It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of pre-industrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient．This is logical．Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things even for other plants．They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people not only for food but also for clothing, tools, medicines, shelter, and a great many other purposes．Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each．To them, botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of "knowledge" at all．
Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become, the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge grows．Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose or an apple．When nor Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer fields the next season—the first, great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken．Grains were discovered and from them flowed the wonder of agriculture: cultivated crops．From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild, and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience with plants in the wild would begin to fade away．
【小题1】What does the writer mean when he says "This is logical" in the first paragraph?

A．Human knowledge of plants is well organized and very detailed．

B．It is not surprising that early humans had a detailed knowledge of plants．

C．There is no clear way to determine the extent of our ancestor's knowledge of plant．

D．It is reasonable to assume our ancestors behave much like people in pre-industrial societies．

【小题2】According to the passage, general knowledge of botany begun to fade away because ____．

A．people no longer value plants as a useful resource

B．direct contact with a variety of plants has decreased

C．botany is not recognized as a special branch of science

D．research is unable to keep up with the increasing number of plants

【小题3】We learn that the first great step toward the practice of agriculture is____．

A．the changing diets of early humans

B．the development of a system of names for plants

C．the invention of agricultural implements （工具） and machinery

D．the discovery of certain grasses that could be harvested and replanted

【小题4】Human would depend on the controlled production of a few plants for living with

A．the knowledge of plants

B．the discovery of certain grasses

C．the development of machinery

D．the appearance of agriculture

US universities are among the best in the world. Since World War Ⅱ, American scientists --- mostly working in universties or colleges --- have won more than half of all Nobel Prizes in physics and medicine. Foreign students rush to the United States by the tens of thousands. Last year they earned more than one quarter of the doctoral degrees awarded in the country. Yet while American universities produce the great research and great graduate program, they sometimes pay little attention to the task that lies at their very core: the teaching of undergraduate students.
With the increase in fees, educators feel obliged to improve undergraduate teaching. In speeches and interviews the nation’s higher educators have rediscovered teaching. Robert Rosenzweig, president of the Association of American Universities,  said,  “Our organization was never very concerned about teaching. In the last 18 months, we have spent more time on undergraduate education than on any other subject.”
Despite such promising efforts, no one doubts that research still outranks teaching at some of the leading universities, not least because it is a surer and faster way to earn status. Some people don’t think it has to be that way. They argue that the reward system for college faculty can be changed, so that professors will be encouraged to devote more time and effort to teaching. They say that they are beginning to believe that the first ten years of the 21st century may come to be remembered as the decade of the undergraduate.
That would bring it full circle. For more than two centuries after the founding of Harvard College in 1636, the instruction of undergraduate students was an essential condition of American higher education.
【小题1】According to the passage, at some of the leading American universities ________.

A．research is declining in importance	B．teaching now ranks above research
C．teaching is a sure way to gain position	D．research still ranks above teaching

【小题2】It is implied in the passage that about 200 years ago undergraduate instruction ________.

A．began to change all of a sudden

B．was already threatened by research work

C．was the central part of higher education

D．began to be neglected in most universities

【小题3】What would be the best title for the passage?

A．University education in the US	B．University education challenged
C．Teaching and research in universities	D．Undergraduate teaching rediscovered

A youth lay in a bath of tomato juice during the “Tomatina” Tomato Fight in the town of Bunol, near Valencia, eastern Spain.
Tens of thousands of people took off their shorts and threw tons of juicy tomatoes at each other in the Tomatina food fight, creating knee-deep rivers of tomato sauce (酱) on the streets of this Spanish town.
Five trucks carried 130 tons of the fruit for the hour-long fight which attracted foreign tourists. Among them are British, French, Argentineans and Japanese, as well as locals.
On the bell of noon the signal was given and for the next 60 minutes participants (参加人) hurled tomatoes at each other until a gunshot signalled the end of the festival.
The clean-up followed, with fighters washing the signs of battle away in the local river or under hundreds of temporary (临时的) showers. While the front of buildings were watered, they seemed brighter than ever after their bath.
The Tomatina, held on the last Wednesday in August, is said to be the world’s largest tomato fight. In the past people have been hurt during the tomato fight but no one was killed or injured this year.
The origin (起源) of the festival is unknown, but everyone in Bunol seems to have a favorite story. However, most agree it started around 1940.
【小题1】The passage shows that the tomato fight this year is __________.

A．frightening	B．boring
C．popular	D．harmful

【小题2】The underlined word “hurled” means “__________”.

A．presented (赠送)	B．threw
C．gave	D．picked

【小题3】According to the passage, we can learn that __________.

A．participants can have a good rest after the fight ends

B．the festival came from a favorite story

C．only adults are permitted to attend the festival

D．no one was hurt in this year’s tomato fight

【小题4】What is the best title for the passage?

A．A Youth Lay in a Bath of Tomato Juice

B．Tomato-hurling Festival in Spain

C．The History of “Tomatina” Tomato Fight

D．Festivals in Spain