Who designed (设计) the first helicopter (直升飞机)? Who __1__ of the most famous pictures in the world? Who knew more about the human body than most __2__? There is an answer __3__ all these  questions --- Leonardo de Vinci (达芬奇).
　　Leonardo may have been the greatest genius (天才) __4__ have ever known. He lived in Italy around the year 1500, but many of his inventions seem modern to us today. For example, one of his notebooks has drawings of a helicopter. Of course, he couldn’t __5__ a helicopter with the things he had. But scientists say his idea would have worked.
　　But Leonardo __6__ an inventor. He was one of the greatest artists of his day. By the time he was twenty years old, he was called a master ( 大师) painter, and as he got older he became __7__ more famous. Sometimes he drew a hand ten different ways __8__ he was ready to paint.
　　Many of Leonardo’s wonderful paintings are still with __9__ today. You may know one of his most famous works the __10__ woman known as the Mona Lisa.

　　1. A. took                     B. made         C. painted              D. invented
　　2. A. artists            B. doctors     C. painters            D. people
　　3. A. to                 B. of             C. for            D. from
　　4. A. the scientists  B. the artists   C. the world          D. people
　　5. A. draw            B. paint        C. work                 D. build
　　6. A. was just         B. wasn’t just  C. wasn’t               D. was no longer
　　7. A. less              B. no             C. even                 D. very
　　8. A. before          B. after          C. because            D. when
　　9. A. him               B. us              C. them                 D. you
　　10. A. interesting    B. crying        C. smiling             D. surprising

The bicycle is one of the __41__ yet most useful inventions in the world. The surprising thing is that it was not __42__ earlier, although the great inventor Leonardo Da Vinci  (达芬奇)  had drawn pictures for bicycles and also for flying machines and some __43__ things. Those things were not produced __44__ long after he died.

A person riding a bicycle uses __45__ energy (能源) to make the bicycle move, and there is no pollution at all when you are riding. Even so, in developed __46__ , most people don't travel or work by bicycle. It's because   __47__ cars on the roads is larger and larger. It certainly becomes __48__ to ride a bicycle. As a result, more people put their bicycles away and go to work __49__ their cars. Perhaps the best way to make riding safer and more popular is to build roads only for __50__, and to make it difficult and expensive for drivers to drive their cars into the city.

41. A. simple         B. simpler            C. simplest           D. more simple

42. A. invent          B. inventing           C. invention           D. invented

43. A. other           B. another            C. others             D. the other

44. A. until           B. when             C. since              D. after

45. A. much           B. no                C. quite a lot of       D. very little

46. A. world          B. countries          C. land               D. villages

47. A. the number of   B. a number of        C. this kind of        D. many kinds of

48. A. safer            B. more dangerous    C. much dangerous    D. more wonderful

49. A. by             B. use               C. in                 D. riding

50. A. buses           B. cars               C. trains              D. bicycles

 

阅读下面的文言文，完成小题。
桓公问治民于管子^①。管子对曰：“凡牧民者，必知其疾，而忧之以德，勿惧以罪，勿止以力。慎此四者，足以治民也。” 桓公曰：“善，勿已，如是又何以行之？” 管仲对曰：“质信极忠，严以有礼，慎此四者，所以行之也。”桓公曰：“请闻其说。”管仲对曰：“信也者，民信之；忠也者，民怀之；严也者，民畏之；礼也者，民美之。语曰，泽命不渝，信也；非其所欲，勿施于人，仁也；坚中外正，严也；质信以让，礼也。”桓公曰：“善哉！”
桓公又问曰：“寡人欲修政以干时^②于天下，其可乎？”管子对曰：“可。”公曰：“安始而可？”管子对曰：“始于爱民。”公曰：“爱民之道奈何？”管子对曰：“公修公族，家修家族，使相连以事，相及以禄，则民相亲矣。放旧罪，修旧宗，立无后，则民殖矣。省刑罚，薄赋敛，则民富矣。乡建贤士，使教于国，则民有礼矣。出令不改，则民正矣。此爱民之道也。”
桓公在位，管仲、隰朋见。立有间，有二鸿飞而过之。桓公叹曰：“仲父，今彼鸿鹄有时而南，有时而北，有时而往，有时而来，四方无远，所欲至而至焉，非唯有羽翼之故，是以能通其意于天下乎？”管仲、隰朋不对。桓公曰：“二子何故不对？”管子对曰：“君有霸王之心，而夷吾非霸王之臣也，是以不敢对。”桓公曰：“仲父胡为然？盍不当言，寡人其有乡乎？寡人之有仲父也，犹飞鸿之有羽翼也，若济大水有舟楫也，仲父不一言教寡人，寡人之有耳将安闻道而得度哉？”管子对曰：“君若将欲霸王举大事乎？则必从其本事矣。”桓公变躬迁席，拱手而问曰：“敢问何谓其本？”管子对曰：“齐国百姓，公之本也。人甚忧饥，而税敛重；人甚惧死，而刑政险；人甚伤劳，而上举事不时。公轻其税敛则人不忧饥；缓其刑政则人不惧死；举事以时，则人不伤劳。”桓公曰：“寡人闻仲父之言此三者，闻命矣，不敢擅也，将荐之先君。”于是令百官有司，削方墨笔。明日，皆朝于太庙之门朝，定令于百吏。使税者百一钟，孤幼不刑，泽梁时纵，关讥而不征，市书而不赋，近者示之以忠信，远者示之以礼义。行此数年，而民归之如流水。
（节选自《管子》，《四部丛刊》本，有删改）
【注】①管子：名仲，字夷吾，齐国国相。②干时：谋求定时会盟诸侯。
【小题1】对下列句子中划线词的解释，不正确的一项是（    ）

A．勿已。如是，又何以行之 已：停止

B．泽命不渝，信也 渝：坚持

C．公修公族，家修家族 修：治理

D．若济大水有舟楫也济：渡过

【小题2】下列各组句子中，划线词的意义和用法相同的一组是（    ）

A．是以能通其意于天下乎 故燕王欲结于君

B．拱手而问曰 朝济而夕设版焉

C．缓其刑政则人不惧死 三人行则必有我师

D．寡人闻仲父之言此三者孔子云：何陋之有

【小题3】对原文有关内容的理解和解析，下列表述不正确的一项是（   ）

A．“信”“仁”“严”“礼”是为政的重要原则，也就是国君要对百姓讲究信用，施行仁爱，严肃法纪，提倡礼仪。

B．齐桓公想通过修明政事，提高齐国的政治地位，达到会盟诸侯的目的，因此他希望得到管仲的认可和辅佐。

C．对于桓公称霸天下的想法，管仲采取以退为进的策略，明确表达了反对意见，并表明了自己的政治主张。

D．齐桓公有抱负，能纳谏，接受了管仲的民本思想，并采取相应的措施，得到了四方百姓的拥护。

【小题4】把文言文阅读材料中加横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。（7分）
(1) 勿惧以罪，勿止以力。（2分）
(2) 出令不改，则民正矣。（2分）
(3) 君若将欲霸王、举大事乎？则必从其本事矣。（3分）