There was a little boy who got angry easily. His father gave him a bag of nails(钉子) and told him that every  16  he got angry, to drive a nail into the back wall. The first day the boy had 17  37 nails into the wall. Then he put fewer and fewer nails. He found it was　18  to be not angry than to drive those  19  into the wall. 　Finally the day came when the boy didn't get  20  at all. He told his father about it and the father suggested that the boy now pull out one nail for each day that he was able to be not angry. The days  21  and the young boy was finally able to tell his father that  22  nails were gone. The father took his son by the hand and led him to the  23　. He said, "You have done  24 , my son, but look at the holes in the wall. The wall will  25  be the same. When you say things 　26 , they leave a scar(伤疤) just like this one. You  27  put a knife in a man and draw it out. It won't matter  28  you say I'm sorry, the wound（伤口） is still there. A mental hurt is as bad as a physical one. Friends are a very rare jewel, indeed. They make you  29  and encourage you to succeed. They lend an ear, they share a word of praise, and they always　30　 to open their hearts to us.

Every morning, the newspaper chief editor（主编） holds a meeting with the reporters. They discuss the main events（事件） of the day. Reporters are then sent to cover the events.　　
As soon as the reporters know what to write about, they get down to work. They telephone people and fix a time for a face-to-face interview with them. Sometimes they do telephone interviews. Checking information is very important. They go to the newspaper's own library to look up any information that they need. This is called “doing one's homework”.
At the same time, the picture editor decides which photographs will be used for the next day's paper. All the people who work on a newspaper must be able to work fast. Reporters have to stop working on one story and start working at once on the important new one. They must find out the new information as quickly as possible. Later in the day, everything is put together at the news desk. Reporters return, type their stories into the computer and hand them to the editor.　　
The chief editor decides which will be the most important story on the front page. Sometimes this will have to be changed if something more important happens late in the day. Other editors read the stories which the reporters have written and make any necessary changes.　　
Finally, there is no more time left for adding new stories, and the time for printing（印刷） the newspaper has come. This is done on fast-moving printing machines. The newspapers are then delivered（发送） by truck, plane or rail. Speed is important. People want to buy the latest newspaper; nobody wants to buy yesterday's.　　
【小题1】What is the work in a newspaper office like?　

In the Caucasus region（高加索地区）, nearly 50 out of every 100,000 people live to celebrate their 100^th birthday, and many don’t stop at 100! By comparison, in America only 3 people in 100,000 reach 100. But these Caucasus people aren’t alone. The Pakistani Hunzas, who live high in the Himalaya Mountains, and the Vilcabambans of the Andes Mountains in Ecuador seem to share the secret of long life too.
　　These peoples remain healthy in body and spirit despite the passage of time. While many older persons in industrial societies become weak and ill in their 60s and 70s, some Caucasus people aged 110-140, work in the fields beside their great-great-grandchildren. Even the idea of aging is foreign to them. When asked, “At what age does youth end?” most of these old people had no answer. Several replied, “Well, perhaps at age 80.” The very youngest estimate was age 60.
　　What accounts for this ability to survive (live) to such old age, and to survive so well? First of all, hard physical work is a way of life for all of these long-lived peoples. They began their long days of physical labor as children and never seem to stop. For example, Mr. Rustam is 142 years of age. He remembers his life experience: the Crimean War of 1854; the Turkish War of 1878; the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. His wife is 116 years old. They have been married for 90 years. Mr. Rustam has no plan of retiring from his life as a farmer. “Why? What else would I do?” he asks. Oh, he’s slowed down a bit. Now he might quit (stop working) for the day after 6 hours in the field instead of 10.
　　All these people get healthful rewards from the environment in which they work. They all come from mountainous regions. They live and work at elevations（海拔）of 5,000 to 12, 000 feet(1,660 to 4,000meters) above sea level. The air has less oxygen and is pollution-free. This reduced oxygen environment makes the heart and blood vessel（血管）system stronger.
　　Another factor（因素）that may lead to the good health of these people is their isolation. To a great extent, they are separated from the pressure（压力）and worries of industrial society.
　　Inherited（遗传的） factors also play some role. Most of the longest-lived peoples had parents and grandparents who also reached very old age. Good family genes may, therefore, be one factor in living longer.
　　Finally, although these three groups don’t eat exactly the same foods, their diets are similar. All of them eat little animal meat. Their diets are full of fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, cheese and milk. They never eat more food than their bodies need.
　　It is clear that isolation from urban pressure and pollution, clean mountain air, daily hard work, moderate diets, good genes, and a youthful approach to life all lead to the health and remarkable long life of all these people.
【小题1】 What is the main idea of this article?

There was a little boy who got angry easily. His father gave him a bag of nails(钉子) and told him that every  16  he got angry, to drive a nail into the back wall. The first day the boy had 17  37 nails into the wall. Then he put fewer and fewer nails. He found it was　18   to be not angry than to drive those  19  into the wall. 　Finally the day came when the boy didn't get  20  at all. He told his father about it and the father suggested that the boy now pull out one nail for each day that he was able to be not angry. The days  21  and the young boy was finally able to tell his father that  22  nails were gone. The father took his son by the hand and led him to the  23　. He said, "You have done  24 , my son, but look at the holes in the wall. The wall will  25  be the same. When you say things 　26 , they leave a scar(伤疤) just like this one. You  27  put a knife in a man and draw it out. It won't matter  28  you say I'm sorry, the wound（伤口） is still there. A mental hurt is as bad as a physical one. Friends are a very rare jewel, indeed. They make you  29  and encourage you to succeed. They lend an ear, they share a word of praise, and they always　30　 to open their hearts to us.

1.A. time        B. day         C. week             D. year

2.A. turned      B. driven     C. pulled          D. threw

3.A. harder      B. tougher    C. easier           D. worse

4.A. sticks     B. knives       C. nails            D. forks

5.A. happy          B. sad          C. excited         D. angry

6.A passed          B. came         C. returned         D. happened

7.A. some           B. many         C. all              D. most

8.A. house          B. nails       C. room             D. wall

9.A. badly       B. well       C. sadly            D. kindly

10.A. never       B. sometimes      C. often         D. always

11.A. politely     B. carefully   C. happily        D. angrily

12.A. must          B. need        C. can           D. should

13.A. how much    B. how long     C. how many times   D. how far

14.A. cry           B. jump         C. lose         D. smile

15.A. refuse      B. want           C. fail          D. learn

In the Caucasus region（高加索地区）, nearly 50 out of every 100,000 people live to celebrate their 100^th birthday, and many don’t stop at 100! By comparison, in America only 3 people in 100,000 reach 100. But these Caucasus people aren’t alone. The Pakistani Hunzas, who live high in the Himalaya Mountains, and the Vilcabambans of the Andes Mountains in Ecuador seem to share the secret of long life too.

　　These peoples remain healthy in body and spirit despite the passage of time. While many older persons in industrial societies become weak and ill in their 60s and 70s, some Caucasus people aged 110-140, work in the fields beside their great-great-grandchildren. Even the idea of aging is foreign to them. When asked, “At what age does youth end?” most of these old people had no answer. Several replied, “Well, perhaps at age 80.” The very youngest estimate was age 60.

　　What accounts for this ability to survive (live) to such old age, and to survive so well? First of all, hard physical work is a way of life for all of these long-lived peoples. They began their long days of physical labor as children and never seem to stop. For example, Mr. Rustam is 142 years of age. He remembers his life experience: the Crimean War of 1854; the Turkish War of 1878; the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. His wife is 116 years old. They have been married for 90 years. Mr. Rustam has no plan of retiring from his life as a farmer. “Why? What else would I do?” he asks. Oh, he’s slowed down a bit. Now he might quit (stop working) for the day after 6 hours in the field instead of 10.

　　All these people get healthful rewards from the environment in which they work. They all come from mountainous regions. They live and work at elevations（海拔）of 5,000 to 12, 000 feet(1,660 to 4,000meters) above sea level. The air has less oxygen and is pollution-free. This reduced oxygen environment makes the heart and blood vessel（血管）system stronger.

　　Another factor（因素）that may lead to the good health of these people is their isolation. To a great extent, they are separated from the pressure（压力）and worries of industrial society.

　　Inherited（遗传的） factors also play some role. Most of the longest-lived peoples had parents and grandparents who also reached very old age. Good family genes may, therefore, be one factor in living longer.

　　Finally, although these three groups don’t eat exactly the same foods, their diets are similar. All of them eat little animal meat. Their diets are full of fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, cheese and milk. They never eat more food than their bodies need.

　　It is clear that isolation from urban pressure and pollution, clean mountain air, daily hard work, moderate diets, good genes, and a youthful approach to life all lead to the health and remarkable long life of all these people.

1. What is the main idea of this article?

A．Cause and effect of long-lived life.

B．People in the world enjoying a longer life.

C．Factors leading to the health and long life of people.

D．A description of several societies where people living a long life.

2. “The idea of aging is foreign to them” means that _________.

A．they don’t care much about their age

B．they have no idea of how old they are

C．they won’t say anything about their age until they are asked to

D．the idea of getting old has never come into their mind

3. How do you think the writer feels about these long-lived people?

A．He is much impressed with them.

B．He doesn’t care a bit about them.

C．He hopes that they will live a still longer life.

D．He doesn’t think their life is full of pressure and worries.