To master(掌握）language，one must be able  1  and understand the spoken language as well as to read and write．Speaking，of course， 2  go without listening．If you want to pronounce(发音)a word correctly，first you must hear it correctly． If you don't listen 3  ，you'll find it difficult or even impossible to understand the native speakers．As for writing，people usually use shorter words and shorter sentences  4   their writing．The important thing is to  5   your idea clear in your head and then to write it in clear language．And if you read too slowly，by the time you  6  the end of a page，you may  7  what the beginning is about and then you'll never finish a book．When you  8  some new words，don't look them up in the dictionary at once． 9  the meanings from the context(上下文)．You may not get quite correct answers the first time，but as the new words come up again and again in different contexts, their meanings will become  10 ．In this way you can learn a language well．

1．A．speaking         B．spoke                  C．to speak

2．A．can't              B．can                      C．must

3．A．correctly        B．carefully              C．happily

4．A．in            B．from                    C．with

5．A．change           B．make                   C．start

6．A．reach             B．arrive                   C．get

7．A．forget            B．forgot                  C．forgetting

8．A．feel                B．meet                    C．watch

9．A．Think            B．Guess                  C．Know

10．A．clearest         B．clearer and clearer  C．the clearest

Americans use many expressions with the word dog. People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well.
Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world. That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs. They say if a person wants to be successful he has to work like a dog. This means they have to work very, very hard. Such hard work can make people dog-tired. And, the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog.
Still, people say every dog has its day. This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life. To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks(手艺). They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things.
Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year. A rain in summer may cool the weather. But we do not want it to rain too hard. We do not want it to rain cats and dogs.
【小题1】If a person without lots of money wants to buy a car, he or she has to ______.

Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s. In the same way, children learning to do all the other things: they learn to do without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle, compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes and correct them for himself. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.

If it is a matter of right answer, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine(常规) work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer. Let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, and how to know what they know or do not know.

1.According to the passage, the best way for children to learn things is by ________.

A. listening to skilled people’s advice

B. asking older people many questions

C. making mistakes and having them corrected

D. doing what other people do

2.Which of the following does the writer think teachers should NOT do?

A. Give children correct answers.

B. Allow children to make mistakes.

C. Point out children’s mistakes to them.

D. Let children mark their own work.

3.According to the writer, teachers in school should ________.

A. allow children to learn from each other

B. point out children’s mistakes whenever found

C. give children more book knowledge

D. correct children’s mistakes as soon as possible

4.The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are ________.

A. different from learning other skills

B. the same as learning skills

C. more important than other skills

D. not really important skills