阅读下文，完成小题。(17分)
水　问
王猛
一
当我们潜入蓝藻丛生的滇池底部，去寻找消失已久的栲栳鱼，我们想知道究竟是什么污染了我们的湖水？当我们在海河岸边一次又一次见证了打井队寻找水源的失败经历时，我们想知道那些地下几百米的水究竟到哪里去了？
如果世界人均水资源是一满杯水的话，中国的人均水资源不过仅仅是一个杯底；而且由于时空分布极不均匀，在华北等人口聚集的地区，我们的人均水资源量甚至低于以色列、中东等地区。
危机不是即将到来，而是已经从四面八方悄悄开始。
在富裕的南方，几十万人，一夜之间就可能没有水喝；在淮河岸边，一场污水过后，所有河蟹养殖户彻底破产；在发展中的北方，河流的生命几乎绝迹；长江的河道里，人们花费上百万元，只是为了寻找到一种名叫白鳍豚的水生鱼类；“太湖美”、“汾河清”这样的歌曲在全国的水污染地图面前显得滑稽、尴尬。从北到南，七大流域正在水污染危机崩溃的边缘。
水是宽容的，因为宽容才产生了生命，也因为这种宽容，它容纳了这个世界大部分肮脏的东西。中国的工业文明发展史浓缩了西方两百年的时间，作为代价，中国的河流与湖泊也浓缩了西方两百年的污染史。利益驱动、制度缺失、道德沦丧，对比农耕文明，对比泰晤士河的治理，一味追求利益与让中国的江河湖泊重新变清究竟什么最重要？
二
在开封城几十公里外,悬在几百万人口上方的黄河,又让我们不断地思考洪水的出路;在漳河两岸,每年夏天都会增派武警来保护水源;在城市里,拉动任何一个抽水马桶,宁夏缺水地区全家人一星期的生活用水就全部被冲到了下水道;在有些地方,水很贵,一瓶矿泉水的价格甚至比97号汽油还要贵两倍……
中国人并不缺乏节水的历史、节水的意识和节水的技术。坎儿井、北海团城这些古老的节水设施已经使用了几千年,那么我们缺什么呢？对一户农民、一个企业、一个地区而言,当节水比浪费水还要多花钱的时候,为什么要节水？当浪费水仅仅只是一个道德问题的时候,我们为什么要节水？
节水不仅是我们面对生存危机不得已的选择,也是考验我们这个民族道德与制度建设能力的一次机会。
三
黄河源头有“千湖之县”美誉的玛多要搬迁了,原因是没有水;太湖之滨的大款要搬走了,原因是水脏了;世界第四大湖——咸海,已经消失了一半;我们儿时记忆中的河流几乎全部干枯了——我们的祖先是否想象过我们今天的遭遇?
人类的文明诞生在大河两岸,苏美尔人的崛起就是因为找到了与水和谐相处的方式;但是,苏美尔文明的消亡,也正是由于对水的过度利用。两百多年以前,人类发明了蒸汽机——一种利用水循环的机器,它推动着我们到达了今天的文明程度。我们生活在地球历史中最美好的时期,但是我们是不是忘记了水可以诞生文明,也可以毁灭文明？
面对水,如果我们不能够找到新的文明方式,我们还能在地球上待多久？
（选自《文苑·经典美文》2010年第6期）
【小题1】中国面临水资源危机，其产生的原因是什么？（3分）
【小题2】读下面句子，联系上下文，体会表达效果。（6分）
⑴如果世界人均水资源是一满杯水的话，中国的人均水资源不过仅仅是一个杯底……（用了什么说明方法？有什么作用？）
⑵一味追求利益与让中国的江河湖泊重新变清究竟什么最重要？（这个问句是哪种类型的问句？表达了什么意思？）
⑶中国人并不缺乏节水的历史、节水的意识和节水的技术。坎儿井、北海团城这些古老的节水设施已经使用了几千年，那么我们缺什么呢？（想一想，我们缺的是什么呢？）
【小题3】如何治理水资源，这篇文章高屋建瓴，提出了一些新观点。下面对新观点的表达不正确的一项是（　　　）（3分）

A．改变水的宽容的特点，拒绝肮脏的侵害。

B．提高民族道德水平，建立起人们的新观念：认识到节约比经济利益更重要。

C．国家要加强节水的法律法规建设，地方要加强节水的制度建设。

D．寻找、建立新的文明发展方式。

【小题4】文章结尾告诉我们，如果要治理好水资源，就要找到新的文明方式。那么，这新的文明方式是怎样的呢？又如何实现这种新文明呢？谈谈自己的看法。（5分）

任务型读写（满分5分）

You Are What You Eat Keeping better eating habits can help you reduce (减少) disease. A healthy eating plan means choosing the right food to eat and preparing food in a healthy way. Toothbrush Do you often change your toothbrush? Maybe you think it is not necessary. A study shows old toothbrushes bring disease. You should often change your toothbrush. Exercise Swimming, running, skating, skiing, dancing, walking and some other activities can help you keep healthy. You should exercise at least three times a week and for twenty minutes or more each time. Do it. Plan Out(规划) Your Life You should have breakfast before you go to school. Have a proper (合适的) meal for lunch. Follow a healthy diet（饮食）.

1. How often  should you  exercise？(1分) 

2.A healthy eating plan means _____________（1分）

3. How to plan out your life?（2分）

4. You should have breakfast before you go to school.（改成否定句1分）

 

Helping your children to read and write at home will improve their skills and confidence—it will also make them get ready for learning in the classroom environment.

　     　 are needed by every child in every subject in every year of their life in or outside school. Students who improve their reading and writing skills will increase their vocabulary and their ability（能力）to use the English language correctly. As parents, you can play an important role in improving your children’s literacy（读写能力）. You can make a difference by listening, asking questions, giving information, and reading with your children outside school hours.

Here are 8 tips on how to help your children to read and write:

²   having everyday conversations with your children

²   trying to ask more “wh-” questions instead of easy “yes” or “no” questions

²   encouraging your children to talk about events you don’t know

²   reading to your children each night

²   listening to your children read

²   teaching your children how to use dictionaries

²   talking about your children’s writings

²   practicing filling in forms, writing letters, sending cards or emails

You can also encourage your children to join the Reading Challenge Club and discuss the books they are reading together. In the club, children must read 15 books from the Challenge book list and 5 more books chosen by themselves. There are over 1,000 books on the list. The reading must be done in one year. What’s more, it is a wonderful way to help your children to write. For example, you can encourage them to write diaries or book reviews. Remember to make positive comments as much as possible.

1.This passage is mainly written for __________.

A. children      B. teachers     C. parents      D. doctors

2.__________ is the best for the missing part in Paragraph 2.

A. “Listening and speaking skills”         B. “Reading and writing skills”

C. “Listening and writing skills”      D. “Reading and listening skills”

3.__________ is NOT mentioned in the 8 tips above.

   A. “Listening to the radio every day    ” 

B. “Listening to your children read”

   C. “Reading to your children each night”          

D. “Talking about your children’s writings”

4.In the Reading Challenge Club, children have to read __________ in one year.

A. 5 books          B. 10 books  C. 15 books            D. 20 books

5.Parents can help children to write by encouraging them to__________.

A. draw pictures or take photos         B. listen to pop music 

C. write diaries or book reviews            D. play computer games

 

Helping your children to read and write at home will improve their skills and confidence—it will also make them get ready for learning in the classroom environment.

　     　 are needed by every child in every subject in every year of their life in or outside school. Students who improve their reading and writing skills will increase their vocabulary and their ability（能力）to use the English language correctly. As parents, you can play an important role in improving your children’s literacy（读写能力）. You can make a difference by listening, asking questions, giving information, and reading with your children outside school hours.

Here are 8 tips on how to help your children to read and write:

²  having everyday conversations with your children

²  trying to ask more “wh-” questions instead of easy “yes” or “no” questions

²  encouraging your children to talk about events you don’t know

²  reading to your children each night

²  listening to your children read

²  teaching your children how to use dictionaries

²  talking about your children’s writings

²  practicing filling in forms, writing letters, sending cards or emails

You can also encourage your children to join the Reading Challenge Club and discuss the books they are reading together. In the club, children must read 15 books from the Challenge book list and 5 more books chosen by themselves. There are over 1,000 books on the list. The reading must be done in one year. What’s more, it is a wonderful way to help your children to write. For example, you can encourage them to write diaries or book reviews. Remember to make positive comments as much as possible.

 

1.This passage is mainly written for __________.

A. children             B. teachers         C. parents          D. doctors

2.__________ is the best for the missing part in Paragraph 2.

A. “Listening and speaking skills”              B. “Reading and writing skills”

C. “Listening and writing skills”               D. “Reading and listening skills”

3.__________ is NOT mentioned in the 8 tips above.

   A. “Listening to the radio every day”        B. “Listening to your children read”

   C. “Reading to your children each night”     D. “Talking about your children’s writings”

4. In the Reading Challenge Club, children have to read __________ in one year.

A. 5 books              B. 10 books         C. 15 books         D. 20 books

5. Parents can help children to write by encouraging them to__________.

A. draw pictures or take photos             B. listen to pop music 

C. write diaries or book reviews                D. play computer games