What are good manners?

We say that a person has good manners if he or she is kind and helpful to others. Everyone likes a person with good manners but no one likes a person with bad manners. But what are good manners? Here are some examples.

He never laughs at people when they are in trouble. He tries to help them. He is always kind, either to people or animals. When people are waiting for a bus, or in a post office, he takes his turn. He does not push to the front of the queue. On the bus, he gives his seat to an older person or a lady who is standing. He stands up when speaking to a lady or an older person, and he does not sit down until the other person is seated. He does not talk too much himself. He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. When eating, he doesn't speak with his mouth full of food.

However, different countries have different manners. Before going into a house in some Asian countries, it is good manners to take off you shoes. In European countries this is not done. A guest in a Chinese house never finishes a drink. He leaves a little to show that he has had enough. In England, a guest always finishes a drink to show that he has enjoyed it.

People all over the world agree that being well-mannered really means being kind and helping others. If you remember this, you will not go very far wrong.

1．What does “manners” mean?

      A．礼貌           B．方式           C．方法            D．种类

2．There are ________ examples to show what good manners are.

      A．five            B．six             C．eight           D．nine

3．In _______ house, a guest never finishes a drink.

      A．an English      B．an American    C．a Chinese       D．a Japanese

4．It is polite for a man to ______.

      A．let women go first                     B．drink for a lady

      C．sit beside women                      D．stand beside a lady

5．According to the passage, which of the following statements is untrue（不正确的）?

      A．It's good manners to take off your shoes before going into a house.

      B．A guest in a Chinese house always leaves a little when drinking.

      C．A well-mannered man does not talk too much himself.

      D．No one likes a person with bad manners. 

What’s your idea about success? Some people say that beginners have all the luck, while others believe that success    1  only with practice. In fact, I feel both of these statements (陈述) are not true all the time. Each is true in some ways    2   not in others.
For example, I went to a drawing competition many years ago and    3   surprisingly. As a prize, I got a film ticket to see “Titanic”. I was really    4   because it was the first time I had taken part in any competition. Thinking that I might be lucky again, I   5   joining in other art competitions. But the result was that I    6  won again. I accepted the fact that the other people had a    7   artistic ability than I did. Art was not something I was especially interested in and I had never practiced the different art skills. So, the   8   I produced were not of a very high standard.
These experiences taught me a lot. Though I might have been lucky    9  , I also need to put in hard work. As we know,    10   makes perfect. So I believe success builds on less luck and chance.

What’s your idea about success? Some people say that beginners have all the luck, while others believe that success    1 only with practice. In fact, I feel both of these statements (陈述) are not true all the time. Each is true in some ways    2   not in others.
For example, I went to a drawing competition many years ago and   3   surprisingly. As a prize, I got a film ticket to see “Titanic”. I was really   4  because it was the first time I had taken part in any competition, Thinking that I might be lucky again, I  5  joining in other art competitions, But the result was that I   6  won again. I accepted the fact that the other people had a  7  artistic ability than I did. Art was not something I was especially interested in and I had never practiced the different art skills. So, the  8 I produced were not of a very high standard(水平).
These experiences taught me a lot. Though I might have been lucky  9 , I also need to put in hard work. As we know,  10 makes perfect. So I believe success builds on less luck and chance.

For thousands of years, people have used plants to make medicines. They used different parts of the plants —the roots, the leaves, the flowers, and the bark (树皮). Today, doctors have rediscovered more medicinal (药用) values of some plants. Let’s look at some examples.
Foxglove is a common plant. People have used it to make the heart slow down. Recently scientists have developed another drug from it. This new drug helps prevent other heart problems.
In some areas, malaria has been a problem. Scientists have learned that the bark of a South American tree, the cinchona, can be made into a drug to prevent malaria. For a long time, the Chinese have known that a special plant, wormwood, can also fight malaria. Scientists have been working with it to develop new drugs against malaria.
In Germany, some scientists studied garlic (大蒜) for four years. They found that it helps prevent the build-up of plaque (血小板) because too much plaque is bad for health. This very common plant continues to be studied.
As we know, there are about 250,000 kinds of flowering plants in the world. Scientists have only studied little more than one percent of plants for their medicinal value. Maybe medicines for AIDS and cancer will be made from the other 99 percent.
【小题1】What can foxglove be used for?

 What do you think of a forest, what do you see? Just trees? Or do you see many other things, such as singing birds, colorful plants and wild flowers?

  The forest is a whole of its own. It is full of many different living things. But even though they are all different, they have one thing in common: they all need each other in order to live on.

  The trees feed the forest "people" by making food in their leaves; by using sunlight to join water and minerals from the soil and air. Their deep network of roots joins the soil together and stops it from dying out, making it possible for living things to live in it.

  Human beings are like the living things in the forest. We need one another in order to live. We need the farmers to grow our food, railroad and truck drivers to bring it to our shops and clerks (售员)to sell it to us. We need people to prepare our food and cook it and others to take our waste things away. Then, of course, we need doctors, nurses, government leaders, mailmen, telephone operators, and many others.

  We also need other human beings in another way. We need people for friendship, to talk over our problems, exchange ideas. Think how lonely and unhappy you would be if you lived all alone.

  Life is a matter of giving and taking. We need to help other people as much as we need other people to help us. Think what a good feeling you have when you have done something for someone else. You know, being a volunteer is so great!

1.According to the text, colorful plants and flowers live on______.

A. the leaves of the trees                   B. water and minerals

C. the soil and air                   D. all of the above

2.It is the ________ that make it possible for living things to live in the forest.

A. birds              B. trees                 C. plants                 D. farmers

3.According to the writer, human beings are_______the forest "people".

A. like         B. dislike                C. unhappy with      D. different from

4.The writer mainly wants to tell us ________.

A. we need people for friendship

B. the forest is a whole world of its own

C. we need one another in order to live on

D. the forest is full of different living things

5.Which one is the relationship (关系) between a forest and your life?

A. We are trees in the forests.

B. We like the living things in the forest.

C. We need farmers to grow our food in the forest.

D. We are the same as the forest: we need each other to live on.