中国人失掉自信力了吗
鲁迅
　　①从公开的文字上看起来：两年以前，我们总自夸着“地大物博”，是事实；不久就不
再自夸了，只希望着国联，也是事实；现在是既不夸自己，也不信国联，改为一味求神拜佛，
怀古伤今了——却也是事实。
②于是有人慨叹曰：中国人失掉自信力了。
③如果单据这一点现象而论，自信其实是早就失掉了的。先前信“地”，信“物”，后来
信“国联”，都没有相信过“自己”。假使这也算一种“信”，那也只能说中国人曾经有过“他
信力”，自从对国联失望之后，便把这他信力都失掉了。
④失掉了他信力，就会疑，一个转身，也许能够只相信了自己，倒是一条新生路，但不
幸的是逐渐玄虚起来了。信“地”和“物”，还是切实的东西，国联就渺茫，不过这还可以
令人不久就省悟到依赖它的不可靠。一到求神拜佛，可就玄虚之至了，有益或是有害，一时
就找不出分明的结果来，它可以令人更长久的麻醉着自己。
⑤中国人现在是在发展着“自欺力”。
⑥“自欺”也并非现在的新东西，现在只不过日见其明显，笼罩了一切罢了。然而，在
这笼罩之下，我们有并不失掉自信力的中国人在。
⑦我们从古以来，就有埋头苦干的人，有拚命硬干的人，有为民请命的人，有舍身求法
的人，……虽是等于为帝王将相作家谱的所谓“正史”，也往往掩不住他们的光耀，这就是
中国的脊梁。
⑧这一类的人们，就是现在也何尝少呢？他们有确信，不自欺；他们在前仆后继的战斗，
不过一面总在被摧残，被抹杀，消灭于黑暗中，不能为大家所知道罢了。说中国人失掉了自
信力，用以指一部分人则可，倘若加于全体，那简直是诬蔑。
⑨要论中国人，必须不被搽在表面的自欺欺人的脂粉所诓骗，却看看他的筋骨和脊梁。
自信力的有无，状元宰相的文章是不足为据的，要自己去看地底下。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　九月二十五日。
【小题1】．作者批驳的观点是什么？确立的观点又是什么？（４分）
【小题2】．文章由直接反驳转到间接反驳起过渡作用的是第几段？它在内容上是怎样承上启下的？请结合原文作答。（５分）
【小题3】．联系全文，对“埋头苦干的人”、“拼命硬干的人”、“为民请命的人”、“舍身求法的人”的共同特征概括错误的一项是（　　）（２分）

A．他们都是中国的脊梁。

B．他们有确信，不自欺。

C．他们前仆后继的战斗。

D．他们总不为大家所知道。

【小题4】．文章⑦—⑨段反复强调“中国的脊梁”，表达出作者怎样的思想感情？（４分）
【小题5】．今天的中国正在各个领域展现出国民的自信力，请依照例句按要求续写。（5分）例句：杨利伟，用自信的挥手代表了中国航天科技的高度；
续写：　　　　，                                                          ；
　　　　，                                                          。
他们都                                 。

1.American people eat with a 　　　　　(餐刀) and fork.

2.The geography teacher is 　　　　　(指) to the map on the wall.

3.You should use a 　　　　　(匙) to eat the soup.

4.Be careful not to 　　　　　(刺) the needle (针) in your finger.

5.— Would you like another one?

— No, thanks. I’m 　　　　　(吃饱的).

 

My best friend is one of my classmates. We have the      hobby. We both enjoy music. I am good      English, but she isn’t. She has great interest in university (大学) life and wants to go to university when she      school. One day, I found her studying      so I wanted to help her with it.      she closed (关上) the book. I asked, "What are you doing?"

"Nothing," she answered shyly. I didn’t know      she closed her book. "I just want to      you," I said. "Please don’t laugh at me. My English is not good and I’m a little      about learning it in front of others."

"      laughs at you. That’s why you don’t make any progress (进步) in English. You should try. You should do your best to      English with your friends. You can also ask for help from them."

1.A. different      B. same        C. difficult         D. necessary

2.A. in            B. for          C. at              D. with

3.A. comes        B. comes over    C. leaves          D. leaves for

4.A. English       B. chemistry     C. physics         D. history

5.A. And          B. If           C. But             D. Though

6.A. when         B. why         C. how            D. what

7.A. see           B. worry        C. mean          D. help

8.A. wild(狂野的)   B. shy         C.calm(镇静的)     D. angry

9.A. Someone      B. Everyone     C. Anyone         D. No one

10.A. study        B. show        C. teach           D. Hear

 

Shirley Yeats is certainly a very brave woman ! At the age of sixty-seven, she   1   to take a trip round the coast(海岸) of Malaysia. Everything was fine   2   one day, as she was going back to her room on the    3    , she saw smoke coming out of another room. She    4   the captain from her room at once and told him about the fire. Then she went up on deck(甲板) to see   5   she  could do to help. The fire spread(蔓延) very quickly and soon 6    was completely out of control. The captain decided to get all the passengers out as 7  as possible.

Many of the other passengers were   8   , but Shirley remained calm(镇静的). She even helped the other passengers to    9   the lifeboats.

All 1,000 passengers were in the lifeboats and not one passenger   10   in the fire. Shirley was one of the last people to leave. Later, she told reporters, “ I was very afraid,   11   I always knew what I had to do. I   12   all my years as a teacher helped----all that time telling people what to do ! “

1. A. stopped      B. used        C. had      D. decided

2.A. since         B. after       C. until    D. before

3.A. way           B. ship        C. land     D. road

4.A. phoned        B. told        C. asked    D. ordered

5.A. if            B. how         C. what     D. where

6.A. she           B. he          C. that     D. it

7.A. quickly       B. much        C. well     D. usually

8.A. sleepy        B. terrified   C. tired    D. lazy

9.A. get into      B. get back to C. get off  D. get up to

10.A. lost         B. killed      C. hurt     D. died

11.A. and          B. but         C. so       D. or

12.A. need         B. like        C. think    D. hate