阅读理解

　　Is the world warming up? According to many reports the answer is yes．Eleven of the hottest years since 1850 appeared between 1995 and 2006．Last year, the United Nation’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)reported the earth was about 0.75℃warmer than it was in 1850．While this doesn’t sound like a lot, a small difference in average(平均)temperature can make a big difference in climate(气候)．During the last ice age, the planet was only about five degrees colder than now．

　　It’s all about the speed at which temperatures are changing．In the past, temperatures moved up or down step by step．But in the 20^th century, especially since 1976, temperatures have likely risen more quickly than during any century in the last 1,000 years．Warming may bring improved harvests(收获)to northern countries such as Canada and Russia．However, many species(物种)won’t like these conditions．They begin moving towards cooler places and cause lots of trouble to human world．

　　The IPCC reported that human activity is very likely responsible(负责任的), by increasing the greenhouse effect(效应)．Some gases cause the air to take in heat energy．Without the greenhouse effect, the earth’s average temperature would be -18℃ rather than the present comfortable 14.6 degrees．The main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide(CO₂), water vapor(蒸汽)and some other gases．Burning oil, coal and waste adds to the Carbon dioxide, and it has increased 35％since 1850．

　　Many researchers have found that natural forces alone don’t explain the temperature increases over the last 30 to 40 years．Their study shows that as carbon dioxide goes up, temperatures will rise too．But some scientists don’t agree．They think the effect of human produced greenhouse gases is very small compared to the normal changes that the climate causes．

　　When asked whether humans are causing the world warming, Carl Wunsch, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology says,“It seems very likely from what I’ve seen．Is it 100％sure?No．There’s something to do with natural changes．”Does that mean we should have a“wait and see”attitude(态度)?Not according to Wunsch．He points out we buy house insurance(保险)not because we are sure our homes will be on fire, but because it’s a danger we’d rather avoid．

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阅读理解

　　You may not have heard the words “freshman fifteen” before, but they are very important for students who are entering university．A freshman is a first-year college student．“Fifteen” refers to fifteen pounds－the fifteen pounds added to a student's weight in his or her first year．There are a number of reasons why first-year university students gain(增加)weight; but it^'s encouraging to know that freshmen don' have to add these harmful fifteen pounds．

　　Mistakes choosing food

　　University kitchens serve(供应)many kinds of food．Some students choose unhealthy food, because now their parents are not nearby to help them choose．Some students visit the kitchen many times while studying．Late at night, some students get harmful fast food such as fish and chips with Coke to drink．Students also have less time for walking, running, and doing sports because of their schoolwork．

　　Eating right

　　If you're careful, you don' have to add fifteen pounds．Here are some ideas：

　　·Think more about what you eat

　　·Eat plenty of vegetables and healthy meats．

　　·Don' eat desserts full of sugar; have fruit after dinner．

　　·Try not to eat so much unhealthy food while you study．

　　·It's all right to have a little fast food sometimes－but not often．

　　·Write down the foods you eat

　　·Walk, run, do sports－move and you will feel better ！

　　Remember that the “freshman fifteen” can happen to anyone．Talk to your friends about it．Together, try to eat healthy food and not to eat unhealthy food．Walking, running, and playing sports is always more fun with friends．Help each other and you can have a healthy and happy freshman year．

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　　Reading is a good habit, but the problem is, there's too much to read these days, and too little time to read every word of it．There are hundreds of skills to help you read more in less time．Here are two skills that I think are especially good．

　　Preview-if it's long and hard．Previewing is especially useful for getting a general idea of heavy reading like long magazine articles and business reports．

　　Here's how to preview．

　　●Read the first two paragraphs and the last two paragraphs carefully．

　　●Then read only the first sentence of the other paragraphs．

　　Previewing doesn't give you all the details．It keeps you from spending time on things you don't really want-or need-to read．

　　Skim-if it's short and simple．Skimming is a good way to get a general idea of light reading -like popular magazines or the sports and entertainment of your daily paper．

　　Here's how to skim．

　　●Get your eyes to move fast．Sweep them across each line．

　　●Pick up only a few key words in each line．

　　Everybody skims differently．You and I may not pick up the same words when we skim the same piece, but we'll get a similar idea of what it's all about．

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