When you cough or sneeze, you’d better turn your head away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand. And then, you should say, “Excuse me.”

       This seems so simple, but it is surprising how many kids have never been told to do this. Actually, I notice adults all the time who cough and sneeze in public without placing a hand over the mouth. One important thing I point out to the kids is that after they sneeze or cough on their hands, they should wash their hands as soon as possible. If not, they will be passing those germs(细菌)along to everything and everyone they touch.

       If you come to a door and someone is following you, hold the door. If the door opens by pulling, pull it open, stand to the side, and allow the other person to pass.

       After a few weeks of seeing kids try to get through doors in the school and watching them enter restaurants as the door hit other people, I knew I had to discuss the problem with my students. Teaching them small acts of kindness, such as letting someone else go through a door first as they hold it open, may seem unimportant, but it can go a long way toward helping students realize how to be polite and think others. Once they’ve been told, they’re halfway there.

       When we have to go up moving stairs, we will stand to the right. That will give others who are in a hurry a choice of walking up the left-hand side of the moving stairs. When we are going to enter a lift, the underground, of a doorway, we will wait for others to exit before we enter.

       After college when I moved to London, I was surprised at how polite everyone was in the subways. I was even more touched when I traveled to Japan. In both places, people made effort to make way for others. On moving stairs, everyone stood to the right and walked to the left. On lifts, everyone would stand over to the side and allow others to exit before they would begin to enter.

1.When you cough or sneeze, you should _________.

A. touch everything   B. cover your mouth  

C. point out to the kids  D. pass the germs to others

2.If you come to a door and someone is following you, you’d better ________.

A. hold the door          B. pass through           C. close the door               D. stand to the side

3.From the passage we can know the writer is a _________.

A. doctor                   B. traveler                  C. parent                         D. teacher

4.The passage is mainly about _________.

A. the rules of behavior in public                     

B. the ways of communication

C. the acts of kindness among people               

D. the knowledge of social life

1 

There are many kinds of ants in America. One kind is very strong. People are afraid of it.

These ants move in a large group. They eat all the animals on their way. They can kill and eat elephants, and they can eat wood houses. Sometimes even people are killed by them. When the ants come, people leave their homes. But people are sometimes glad after the ants pass through, because they can see no insects(昆虫) or snakes.

1.Some ants in America can be very ______.

A.heavy  B.strong  C.large  D.thin

2.People and animals are afraid of _____ in America.

A.one kind of ant  B.all kinds of ants   C.small ants  D.large ants.

3.People have to get away from the ants because ________.

A. they can eat and kill elephants

B. they can also eat wood houses

C. they go in large groups

D. they can even kill people

4.Where are the insects or the snakes after the ants pass through?

A. They hide themselves under the ground.

B. They have moved to other places before the ants come.

C. They can be killed and eaten up by the ants.

D. They were killed by people.

5.Which is the best title for the story?

A. Ants   B. American Ants  C.A strong Ant  D. Animals

A famous building in New York City is turning 100 years old. A year-long celebration is planned for Grand Central Terminal, which is usually called Grand Central station, the sixth most-visited place in the world.

The huge building has not changed much since it opened in February, 1913. About 750,000 people pass through Grand Central every day. Some just come to look at it, others to visit the stores. But most are there to catch the trains that enter and leave from the station. It is the largest train station in the world. There are 67 train tracks, all of them underground.

The main part of the building has large, arched windows, a jeweled four-sided clock and ticket windows. Grand Central has been seen in many movies through the years. Dan Brucker is with the New York Transit Authority, which operates the station. Dan Brucker has worked for the transit authority at Grand Central for 30 years. In all those years, he has not lost his interest in the building.

Justin Ferate, a historian, has been giving tours of Grand Central Station for 30 years. He says the station was designed to make travel a pleasure.

“Why people don't run into each other in Grand Central is simple: each block of stone in Grand Central is the length of your leg. Each block of stone in Grand Central is the length of your arm. Each block of stone is a different color, so it’s a checkerboard, based on you.”   

A ten-year-long fight against plans to build a huge office building over Grand Central in 1968 helped create the modern preservation（保护） movement. Now, no one would think of changing the beauty of the station.

1.How long has Grand Central been in service ?

A．For 30 years.       B．For 10 years.       C．For 45 years.       D．For a century.

2.A lot of people can’t ___________ in Grand Central.

A．enjoy the beauty of the buliding            B．visit the stores

C．take the trains                          D．see movies

3.Which of the following statements about the station is WRONG?

A．It’s in New York City.

B．It’s one of the most-visited places in the world.

C．It’s the largest train station in the world.

D．It has been changed much over the years.

4.Both Dan Brucker and Justin Ferate ___________.

A．have worked for the station for 30 years

B．have given tours of the station for 30 years

C．show interest in the station

D．create the modern preservation movement for the station

5.Which of the following statements can we infer（推断）according to the passage?

A．The station won’t be changed.

B．People will spend one month celebrating its anniversary.

C．More and more people will catch the trains in the station

D．The station will become larger and larger.

Dreams are expressions of thoughts, feelings and events that pass through our mind while we are sleeping. Everybody dreams. But only some people remember their dreams. Our dreams often include all the senses—smells, sounds, sights, tastes and things we touch. We dream in colour. Sometimes we dream the same dream over and over again. These repeated dreams are often unpleasant. They may even be nightmares—bad dreams that frighten us.

Early in the twentieth century, two famous scientists developed their personal ideas about dreams. Austrian psychiatrist Sigmund Freud published a book called “The Interpretation(诠释) of Dreams” in 1900. Freud believed people often dream about things they want but can’t have. These dreams often have something to do with sex and aggression(侵犯). Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung worked closely with Freud for several years, but he believed dreams could help people grow and understand themselves. He believed dreams provide solutions(解答) to problems we face when we are awake. He didn’t believe dreams hide our feelings about sex or aggression. Today we know more about the science of dreaming because researchers can take pictures of people’s brains while they are sleeping.

Other researchers are studying how dreaming helps our bodies work with problems and very sad emotions(感情). Robert Stickgold is a professor of psychiatry at Harvard University in Massachusetts. Doctor Stickgold says that when we dream, the brain is trying to make sense of the world. He does not agree with Sigmund Freud that dreaming is the way we express our hidden feelings and desires(愿望).

Scientists believe it is important to keep researching dreams. Doctor Stickgold says it has been more than one hundred years since Sigmund Freud published his important book about dreaming. Yet there is still no agreement on exactly how the brain works when we are dreaming or why we dream.

请根据短文内容，选择最佳答案, 将其标号在答题卡上涂黑。（每小题2分，共10分）

1. Dreams _________.   

A. are remembered by everyone

B. express all that we think in our mind

C. include few senses and things we touch

D. are sometimes nightmares that repeat and frighten us

2. A book on dreaming was published by _________.

A. Sigmund Freud        B. Robert Stickgold      C. Carl Jung   D. the writer

3. In the passage, all the psychiatrists _________.

A. believe dreams can help people understand all the problems that they face

B. think dreams always hide someone’s feelings about sex or aggression

C. study dream and dreaming and have their own ideas

D. have the same idea that people often dream about the things they want

4. From the passage, we know that _________.

A. Jung thought that dreams provide solutions to problems we face when we are sleeping

B. Freud developed the idea that dreams are expressions of people’s hidden feelings

C. scientists have known quite well why we dream because they can take pictures of our brains

D. other researchers have discovered how dreaming helps our bodies work with problems and very sad emotions

5.Which would be the best title(标题) for the passage?

A. The Explanations of Dreams         B. The Ways of Dreams

C. The Solutions to Dreams            D. The Mystery(奥秘) of Dreams and Dreaming