请你观察下面的词组。注意词组中“a”和“an”的用法有何区别。

a book　　a bag　　a pencil

a photo　　an eraser　　an apple

a和an的用法区别：________________________

阅读下面的文字，完成小题
去秋人还，蒙赐书及所撰先大父墓碑铭，反复观诵，感与惭并。
夫铭志之著于世，义近于史，而亦有与史异者。盖史之于善恶无所不书；而铭者，盖古之人有功德、材行、志义之美者，惧后世之不知，则必铭而见之。或纳于庙，或存于墓，一也。苟其人之恶，则与铭乎何有？此其所以与史异也。其辞之作，所以使死者无有所憾，生者得致其严。而善人喜于见传，则勇于自立；恶人无有所记，则以愧而惧。至于通材达识，义烈节士，嘉言善状，皆见于篇，则足为后法。警劝之道，非近乎史，其将安近？
及世之衰，人之子孙者，一欲褒扬其亲而不本乎理。故虽恶人，皆务勒铭以夸后世。立言者既莫之拒而不为，又以其子孙之所请也，书其恶焉，则人情之所不得，于是乎铭始不实。后之作铭者，当观其人。苟托之非人，则书之非公与是，则不足以行世而传后。故千百年来，公卿大夫至于里巷之士，莫不有铭，而传者盖少。其故非他，托之非人，书之非公与是故也。
然则孰为其人，而能尽公与是欤？非畜道德而能文章者，无以为也。盖有道德者之于恶人，则不受而铭之，于众人则能辨焉。而人之行，有情善而迹非，有意奸而外淑，有善恶相悬而不可以实指，有实大于名，有名侈于实。犹之用人，非畜道德者恶作辨之不惑，议之不徇？不惑不徇，则公且是矣。而其辞之不工，则世犹不传。于是又在其文章兼胜焉。故曰：非畜道德而能文章者，无以为也。岂非然哉？
然畜道德而能文章者，虽或并世而有，亦或数十年、或一二百年而有之。其传之难又如此，其遇之难又如此。若先生之道德文章，固所谓数百年而有者也。先祖之言行卓卓幸遇而得铭其公与是其传世行后无疑也而世之学者每观传记所书古人之事至其所可感则往往衋然不知涕之流落也，况其子孙也哉？况巩也哉！其追晞祖德，而思所以传之之由，则知先生推一赐于巩而及其三世。其感与报，宜若何而图之？抑又思若巩之浅薄滞拙，而先生进之；先祖之屯蹶否塞以死，而先生显之，则世之魁闳豪杰不世出之士，其谁不愿进于门？潜遁幽抑之士，其谁不有望于世？
既拜赐之辱，且敢进其所以然。所谕世族之次，敢不承教而加详焉。愧甚不宣。巩再拜。
----选自曾巩《寄欧阳舍人（欧阳修）书》
【小题1】对下列划线词解释不正确的一组是                      （   ）

A．生者得致其严 　　严：严肃

B．警劝之道 　　　　道：作用

C．议之不徇 　　　　徇：徇私，袒护

D．所谕世族之次 　　次：排列

【小题2】下列各组句子中划线词的用法和意义相同的一项是      （   ）

A．则足为后法则告诉不许

B．惧后世之不知臣之壮也，犹不如人

C．有意奸而外淑圣人不凝滞于物，而能与世推移

D．先祖之屯蹶否塞以死死犹为厉鬼以击贼

【小题3】下面各项对文章的内容理解不正确的一项是             （   ）

A．铭志能够著称后世，它的意义与“史”相接近，但是它的内容却与“史”有所不同。

B．文中，作者就碑文写作提出了看法，一是撰写碑文要态度公正，二是撰写碑文要慎选作者。

C．文章既论述了铭志的作用，也由衷赞扬了欧阳修为他祖父所作铭志的“公与是”。

D．这篇文章虽是感谢信，但又不仅仅止于感谢，文章还重点述说了“史”的社会意义，也表达了对道德文章兼胜的赞许与追求。

【小题4】用“/”给文中画波浪线的部分断句。（3分）
先 祖 之 言 行 卓 卓 幸 遇 而 得 铭 其 公 与 是 其 传 世 行 后 无 疑 也而 世 之 学 者 每 观 传 记 所 书 古 人 之 事 至 其 所 可 感 则 往 往 衋 然不 知 涕 之 流 落 也
【小题5】将文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。（7分）
(1) 苟其人之恶，则与铭乎何有？（3分）
(2) 则知先生推一赐于巩而及其三世。其感与报，宜若何而图之？（4分）

A young girl sits at her desk, reviewing her homework for the evening. English: Read three chapters and write a report. Math: Complete 30 problems. Science: Do a worksheet, front and back. French: (A) Study new words for tomorrow’s test. It’s going to be a long night.
This happens to students in America. Now it’s time to start a homework revolution(变革).
Do students in the United States receive too much homework? According to the National Education Association, a student should be assigned (布置) no more than 10 minutes per grade level per night. For example, a first grader should only have 10 minutes of homework, a (B)  grader, 20 minutes, and so on. This means that a student in my grade—seventh—should have no more than 70 minutes of work (C) each night. Yet this is often doubled, sometimes even worse!
It’s no good giving students too much homework. According to research, kids are developing more illness at school, such as stomachaches, headaches and sleep problems than before.
Everybody (D)  that teachers are the ones who assign homework, but they are not the only ones to blame (受责备). “Many teachers are under greater pressure (压力) than ever before,” says Kylene Beers, President of the National Council for teachers of English, “Some of  (E) it comes from parents, some from the wish for high scores on tests.” Teachers who are under pressure feel the need to assign more homework.
Some people have different ideas, saying that homework prepares kids for doing better in high school, better in college, and (F) 今后找到更好的工作. But too much homework is sapping students’ strength, curiosity（削弱学生的个性和好奇心), and most importantly, their love of learning, is that really what teachers and parents want?
【小题1】写出文中划线部分（A）和（C）的同义词或近义词:                         
【小题2】在文中（B）和（D）的空白处分别填入适当单词:                         
【小题3】文中划线部分（E）指代的是:               
【小题4】将文中划线部分（F）译成汉语:             
【小题5】从文中找出能说明本文主旨大意的中心词:           

阅读短文，然后根据要求完成小题。
What is it like being an actor? Many people think it must be wonderful because we travel to exciting places, wear beautiful clothes and (A)挣钱多. This is only one aspect(方面) of our lives though. We also work very hard.
I played a country girl in my last (B) movie. I had to live in a small village with the other actors for part of the winter. (C)It was really hard for me as I grew up in a city. To help me play a country girl better, I cooked for myself and the others every day. I even walked a few miles sometimes to get water, as there was none in the houses. I wanted to understand how a real village girl lived. I thought it was fun at first. I felt different after a week or two, though.
I did wear some beautiful traditional clothes, but they were not thick enough. I was very cold but I had to keep smiling all the time! One day, I couldn’t do it any longer and I suddenly (D) started crying, “Great!” said the director. “I like it. She is crying with true feelings!” I called my mum to tell (E) Her about it but my mobile phone (手机) wouldn’t work in the village.
I think it is worth doing all this, though. I like it when people tell me they enjoy my plays and ask me to sign a picture. It is also fun to be someone else for a while. I’m very lucky to be an actor.
【小题1】将文中划线部分（A）译成汉语:             
【小题2】写出文中划线部分（B）和（D）的同义词或近义词:                         
【小题3】将文中划线部分（C）改写为: It was really hard for me        I was a city      
【小题4】文中划线部分（E）指代的是:               
【小题5】从文中找出有关赞美方面的两个形容词:                         

When pets get (1) sick, you can usually take them to an animal doctor or an animal hospital. (2) Sometimes animals are so sick or hurt that you shouldn’tmove them. That’s why Dr Bird, a veterinarian, has a traveling hospital, Dr Bird drives his hospital, which is really a van, to the animals.
Dr Bird has run the hospital for over 10 years, and he has saved the lives of many pets. The van has an operating table, medicines and everything else he needs to treat animals. Dr Bird says (3 )         there will soon be many more traveling hospitals to help sick or injured animals 
【小题1】 写出（1）处划线词的近义词_______________________                       
【小题2】 将（2）处句子译成汉语。_________________________________________       
【小题3】 How long has Dr Bird run the hospital? __________________________          
【小题4】 补充（3）处所缺单词.  _____________________                           
【小题5】 Do you like pets? Why?
________________________________________________