A person has been badly injured in a car accident. It is necessary to give him a transfusion (输血) because he has lost much blood in the accident. However, special care must be taken in selecting new blood for him. If the blood is too different from his own, the transfusion can kill him.
There are four basic blood groups: A, B, AB and O. A single test can tell us a person’s blood group. Everybody is born with one of these four blood groups. People’s blood group, like hair colour, is inherited (继承) from parents.
Because the substances contained in each group are different, transfusion must be given carefully. Basically, A and B cannot be mixed. A and B cannot receive AB, but AB may receive A or B. O can be given to any other group, so it is often called the universal donor. On the contrary, AB is sometimes called the universal recipient (接受者). However, before being given the transfusion, patients usually receive only salt or plasma (血浆) until their blood can be matched as exactly as possible. In this way, it is possible to avoid any bad results of the transfusion.
There is a relationship between our blood groups and our nationalities. Among the Europeans, about 42 percent are blood group A while 45 percent are blood group O. The rarest is blood group AB. However, some American Indian groups are nearly 100 percent blood group O.
【小题1】Which of the following shows the correct relationship in blood transfusion? (→ =" giving" blood to)

【小题2】Usually, before being given a transfusion, ________.

A．a person needs to receive salt or plasma first

B．a person needs to have a good rest

C．a person needs to have a lot of food and water

D．a person needs to find the person with the same blood group as him

【小题3】The third most common blood type among the Europeans is _______.

A．A

B．B

C．AB

D．O

【小题4】Which is NOT right according to the passage?
A. A person’s blood group depends on his parents.
B. There is only one kind of blood group in a person’s body.
C. About 13 percent of the Europeans have blood group AB.
D. Most of American Indians can be universal blood donors.
【小题5】Which is the best title for the passage?  

A．Blood transfusion	B．Blood groups
C．Car accidents	D．Blood group and nationalities

A person has been badly injured in a car accident. It is necessary to give him a transfusion (输血) because he has lost much blood in the accident. However, special care must be taken in selecting new blood for him. If the blood is too different from his own, the transfusion can kill him.

There are four basic blood groups: A, B, AB and O. A single test can tell us a person’s blood group. Everybody is born with one of these four blood groups. People’s blood group, like hair colour, is inherited (继承) from parents.

Because the substances contained in each group are different, transfusion must be given carefully. Basically, A and B cannot be mixed. A and B cannot receive AB, but AB may receive A or B. O can be given to any other group, so it is often called the universal donor. On the contrary, AB is sometimes called the universal recipient (接受者). However, before being given the transfusion, patients usually receive only salt or plasma (血浆) until their blood can be matched as exactly as possible. In this way, it is possible to avoid any bad results of the transfusion.

There is a relationship between our blood groups and our nationalities. Among the Europeans, about 42 percent are blood group A while 45 percent are blood group O. The rarest is blood group AB. However, some American Indian groups are nearly 100 percent blood group O.

1.Which of the following shows the correct relationship in blood transfusion? (→ =" giving" blood to)

2.Usually, before being given a transfusion, ________.

A．a person needs to receive salt or plasma first

B．a person needs to have a good rest

C．a person needs to have a lot of food and water

D．a person needs to find the person with the same blood group as him

3.The third most common blood type among the Europeans is _______.

A．A                B．B                C．AB               D．O

4.Which is NOT right according to the passage?

A. A person’s blood group depends on his parents.

B. There is only one kind of blood group in a person’s body.

C. About 13 percent of the Europeans have blood group AB.

D. Most of American Indians can be universal blood donors.

5.Which is the best title for the passage?  

A．Blood transfusion                       B．Blood groups

C．Car accidents                          D．Blood group and nationalities

 

Even a child knows that nodding the head means" Yes"．But some people will probably be puzzled（迷惑的）when they first come to India．When they talk to an Indian，he often shakes his head．They might think that the Indian does not like what he said，but on the contrary，he is expressing agreement．
The Indians have a habit of shaking their heads slightly when they talk to somebody．It doesn’t mean" No"，but" Yes"．
If a person doesn’t know this，it might cause misunderstanding（误解）．
At one time a foreigner in India told his driver who was an Indian to take him to his office．The driver shook his head．The foreigner said his request again and the driver still shook his head．At last，the foreigner shouted angrily，“Drive me to my office at once!” The driver said in a low voice，" Yes，sir，"smiling and shaking his head again at the same time．
【小题1】In general，nodding the head means and shaking the head means_____．

A．"Yes"．．．" No"	B．"No"．．．" Yes"
C．"Yes"．．．" Yes"	D．"No"．．．" No"

【小题2】According to the habit of India，if someone agrees with you，he will ______．

A．nod his head

B．shake his head

C．neither nod his head nor shake his head

D．both nod his head and shake his head

【小题3】Why did the Indian driver shake his head when the foreigner asked him to drive him to his office? Because_________．

A．the Indian driver had something important to do

B．the foreigner agreed to give him only a little money

C．the driver felt uncomfortable at that time

D．in India shaking the head means agreement

【小题4】The foreigner became angry because_______．

A．the Indian driver didn’t want to send him to his office

B．he misunderstood the meaning of shaking the head in India

C．he asked the driver to send him to his office，but the driver didn’t say any words

D．the Indian driver asked him for a lot of money

【小题5】The phrase" on the contrary" means_____．

A．正相反

B．总之

C．与之相同

D．在另一方面

Have you ever been in a meeting while someone was making a speech and realized suddenly that your mind was a million miles away? You probably felt sorry and decided to pay attention and never have daydreaming again. Most of us have been told from earliest school days that daydreaming is a waste of time.

L. Giambra, a psychologist（心理学家）, says,” On the contrary , daydreaming is quite necessary. Without it, the mind couldn’t do all the thinking that it has to do during a normal day. You can’t possibly do all your thinking with a conscious （神志清醒的）mind. Instead, your unconscious mind is working out problems all the time. Daydreaming may be one way that the unconscious and conscious states （状态）of mind have silent conversations .”

Early psychologists paid no attention to the importance of daydreams or even thought they were harmful. At one time people thought that some psychological illness caused day dreaming. They did not have a better understanding of daydreams until the late 1980s. Eric Klinges, a professor, is the writer of the book Daydreaming. Klinges says, “We know now that daydreaming is one of the main ways that we organize our lives, learn from our experiences, and plan for our futures. Daydreams really are a window on the things that we fear and the things we long for (渴望) in life.”

Daydreams are usually very simple and direct（直接）, quite unlike sleep dreams. Sleep dreams may be hard to understand. It’s easier to get a deep understanding of your life by paying close attention to your daydreams than by trying to examine (分析)your sleep dreams carefully. Daydreams help you know the difficult situations（情况）in your life and found out a possible way of dealing with them.

Daydreams cannot be predicted（预言）: they move off in unexpected directions which may be creative and full of useful ideas. For many famous artists and scientists, daydreams were and are a main source of creative energy.

1.The passage is mainly about _______ .

A．winter sleeps

B．sleep dreams

C．daydreaming

D．predictions

2.The underlined phrase On the contrary  means _________ .

A．总之

B．相反

C．毕竟

D．因此

3.The writer of this passage thinks daydreams are__________.

A．hard to understand	B．important and helpful
C．harmful and unimportant	D．the same as sleep dreams

4.Psychologists now believe that ________.

A．daydreams are usually very simple and can be predicted

B．daydreams are usually difficult to understand

C．daydreams cause some psychological illness

D．daydreams may be creative and full of useful ideas

5.The writer quoted  (引用 )L. Giambra  and Eric Klinges  to ________.

A．list out two different ideas

B．point out the wrong ideas of early experts

C．support his own ideas

D．report the latest research on daydreams

 

Have you ever been in a meeting while someone was making a speech and realized suddenly that your mind was a million miles away? You probably felt sorry and decided to pay attention and never have daydreaming again. Most of us have been told from earliest school days that daydreaming is a waste of time.
L. Giambra, a psychologist（心理学家）, says,” On the contrary , daydreaming is quite necessary. Without it, the mind couldn’t do all the thinking that it has to do during a normal day. You can’t possibly do all your thinking with a conscious （神志清醒的）mind. Instead, your unconscious mind is working out problems all the time. Daydreaming may be one way that the unconscious and conscious states （状态）of mind have silent conversations .”
Early psychologists paid no attention to the importance of daydreams or even thought they were harmful. At one time people thought that some psychological illness caused day dreaming. They did not have a better understanding of daydreams until the late 1980s. Eric Klinges, a professor, is the writer of the book Daydreaming. Klinges says, “We know now that daydreaming is one of the main ways that we organize our lives, learn from our experiences, and plan for our futures. Daydreams really are a window on the things that we fear and the things we long for (渴望) in life.”
Daydreams are usually very simple and direct（直接）, quite unlike sleep dreams. Sleep dreams may be hard to understand. It’s easier to get a deep understanding of your life by paying close attention to your daydreams than by trying to examine (分析)your sleep dreams carefully. Daydreams help you know the difficult situations（情况）in your life and found out a possible way of dealing with them.
Daydreams cannot be predicted（预言）: they move off in unexpected directions which may be creative and full of useful ideas. For many famous artists and scientists, daydreams were and are a main source of creative energy.
【小题1】The passage is mainly about _______ .

A．winter sleeps

B．sleep dreams

C．daydreaming

D．predictions

【小题2】The underlined phrase On the contrary  means _________ .

A．总之

B．相反

C．毕竟

D．因此

【小题3】The writer of this passage thinks daydreams are__________.

A．hard to understand	B．important and helpful
C．harmful and unimportant	D．the same as sleep dreams

【小题4】Psychologists now believe that ________.

A．daydreams are usually very simple and can be predicted

B．daydreams are usually difficult to understand

C．daydreams cause some psychological illness

D．daydreams may be creative and full of useful ideas

【小题5】The writer quoted  (引用 )L. Giambra  and Eric Klinges  to ________.

A．list out two different ideas

B．point out the wrong ideas of early experts

C．support his own ideas

D．report the latest research on daydreams