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阅读《转基因食品其实很环保》,完成小题。
转基因食品其实很环保
①自去年抗虫害转基因水稻和植酸酶转基因玉米获得安全证书以来,媒体和网站上有关转基因作物的争论就没有平息过。一般人关心的是转基因食品是否安全,媒体也爱传播“美国把中国人当成小白鼠”“世博会禁止转基因食品”“转基因玉米让老鼠死绝”之类的谣言吓唬人。但这属于低层次的争论。怀疑者主要是缺乏生物学知识的外行和另有用意的组织,并没有太高的技术含量。转基因食品在被批准上市前都已经过了严格的安全性检测,其安全性获得了联合国粮农组织、世界卫生组织、国际科学理事会等国际权威机构的肯定,在学术界并无疑议。美国人普遍食用转基因食品已有十几年的历史,迄今未发现一例不良反应。
②转基因技术对环境的影响则是属于层次高一些的问题,在学术界内也会引起争议。但是对此的担心也是有意无意地被夸大了。经常被提及的是担心种植了转基因作物后,其花粉与周围的其他植物、特别是该作物的野生种进行杂交,造成“基因污染”。例如担心转基因水稻的基因会“污染”了野生水稻,所以在有野生水稻的地区就不计划种转基因水稻。这其实并非转基因作物特有的问题。种植传统的作物同样有可能造成“基因污染”。例如杂交水稻的基因也可能会“污染”了野生水稻,但是人们并没有因此就不在有野生水稻的地区种杂交水稻。和传统作物相比,转基因水稻不过是在原有的几万个基因中增添了一个额外的基因而已,并没有造成实质性的差别,为什么对这么一个基因就那么担心呢?
③一方面,转基因作物对环境的可能影响被人为夸大,另一方面,转基因作物对环境保护的实际益处又经常被忽略。当前种植得最多的转基因作物主要是两类:抗虫害转基因作物和抗除草剂转基因作物。农民选择种植这两类转基因作物的原因是因为它们降低了生产成本,潜在的好处是有助于环境保护。抗虫害转基因作物由于天生就能抵抗主要害虫的侵袭,种植它们大幅度地减少了农药的使用,减轻了农药对环境的污染和对生态的破坏,又减少了用于生产、运输、喷洒农药所耗费的原料、能源和排出的废料。抗除草剂转基因作物能够抵抗草甘膦,这样农民就可使用这种广谱、低毒的除草剂来除杂草,而不必像种植传统作物那样使用更有针对性、但是毒性也更大的除草剂。有人也许会问,如果什么除草剂都不用,那不是更环保吗?但是不用除草剂,就要靠耕作除草,那样不仅费时费力,还耗费燃料,引起水土流失,反而破坏环境。
④已研发成功、还未开始商业化种植的转基因作物品种中,有的对环境保护也大有好处。例如中国自己研发的植酸酶转基因玉米。这种玉米主要是要作为牲畜的饲料使用。玉米中含有大量的磷,但是这些磷存在于植酸中,大部分没法被牲畜吸收、利用。因此牲畜以玉米为饲料,容易患缺磷症,为此往往要在饲料中添加无机磷(通常用磷酸氢钙),不仅增加了成本,而且玉米中的植酸多数不被消化,随粪便排出,冲入河流、海洋,对环境造成磷污染,其后果是使水体富营养化。植酸酶转基因玉米含有大量的植酸酶,能把植酸分解掉,这样牲畜就可以吸收、利用玉米中的磷,既降低了饲料成本,又减少了磷污染。又如,美国将在2012年开始大规模种植抗旱转基因玉米,减少灌溉,对保护水资源也很有好处。
⑤转基因作物对环境保护的益处是实实在在的,而它们对环境可能造成的负面影响从未发生过,即使发生了也不可怕。某些“环保组织”却把转基因作物当成恶魔,竭力阻挠其研发和推广,这不是很讽刺吗?所以对这样的“环保组织”,完全可以称之为伪环保。
(选自2010年12月3日《新华每日电讯》)
【小题1】本文说明的中心是什么?(3分)
【小题2】第②段主要运用了哪种说明方法?其作用是什么?(3分)
【小题3】第①段中划线的成语“迄今”一词能否删掉?为什么?(3分)
【小题4】转基因作物的环保价值主要体现在哪些方面?(4分)

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判断正误:

ABC既表示字母表,又表示基础知识,还是美国广播公司的缩写词。

(  )

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阅读理解

  Peking Opera used to sound strange to Dou Yi.The14-year-old Beijinger said whenever she came across Peking Opera on TV, she changed the Channel(频道).Like most of today's teenagers, Dou loves pop music.

  But since Dou entered the Xuanwu branch school of Beijing No.15 Middle School, she has been studying Peking Opera in music class every week.

  Dou and her classmates listen to Peking Opera and learn the basics(基础知识)from professional actors.They also sing along with the operas.

  "We laugh sometimes because the tunes(声调)are really hard to learn, "said Dou.But she said that now she would watch Peking Opera on TV.

  "After all, I am no longer a layman, 'she said.

  Since 2008, schools around the country have been teaching students Peking Opera.It's part of a plan to introduce young people to the country's artistic traditions.Clearly, Dou's school has been taking the job seriously.

  Yang Ning, 14, is Dou's classmate.She has been studying Peking Opera since she was 8.She is a member of the school's Peking Opera club.

  Yang said she had learned a lot from Peking Opera.

  "I learn a lot of history from the operas, " she said." I've also found out about many ancient poems, since there are so many of them in the operas."

  Yang doesn't think everyone can learn to sing Peking Opera well, but she does say that it's helpful for all people to learn about it.

  "The more you learn about it, the more you understand it.If people do study it, this old art form won't disappear.It would be a great pity if it did! ” she said.

(1)

Dou Yi ________.

[  ]

A.

was a 14-year-old boy

B.

was a middle school student

C.

liked today's teenagers

D.

first met the Beijinger at the TV station

(2)

From the passage we know ________.

[  ]

A.

Dou Yi listened to pop songs every week

B.

the students could watch Peking Opera on TV in class

C.

even some professional actors came to the school to study

D.

Peking Opera has become a studying subject in Dou Yi's school

(3)

What does the underlined word "layman" mean in the passage?

[  ]

A.

悠闲的人

B.

外行的人

C.

懒惰的人

D.

初学的人

(4)

Which of the following is, NOT true according to the passage?

[  ]

A.

Most of the teenagers prefer pop music to Peking Opera.

B.

Yang Ning started learning Peking Opera earlier than Dou Yi.

C.

Dou Yi is as old as Yang Ning and she is Yang Niag's classmate.

D.

Both Dou Yi and Yang Ning are members of the school's Peking Opera club.

(5)

Why have schools around the country taught students Peking Opera since 2008?

[  ]

A.

To give the students more history knowledge.

B.

To help the students to learn the ancient poems.

C.

To introduce the young people to the traditional art.

D.

To help the students to find a good job after graduation.

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基础知识。
1. There is a big football ________________(a place for people to play football) in my school.
Look, some boys are playing football there.
2. In China, the summer holiday usually ______ (结束) before September 1st.  
3. Do you often ________________(借) books from the library?
4. It is good for us to do morning ___________________(锻炼)every day.
5.Lucy thinks it is ________ (困难的)to learn English. But I don't think so.

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春节是我们中国人最隆重的节日,刚刚过去的春节在你的心目中一定还留有深刻的记忆。请你根据自己的经验和所学知识,写一篇40词左右的文章,介绍我国春节的传统习俗。

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