On May 2, 2012, Ashok Gadgil became the winner of the $100,000 Lemelson-MIT Award for Global Innovation (全球创新奖). Each year, the honor is given to an inventor who has made a big difference in the lives of people in developing countries. Gadgil is a professor and physicist at the University of California, Berkeley. He spent thirty years helping people in need. His inventions have helped more than 100 million people around the world. “I chose to focus on problems where my knowledge of science  could help,” Gadgil said.
In the 1990s, Gadgil designed his first life-saving invention after more than 10,000 people died from Bengal cholera (孟加拉霍乱) because of the clean water crisis (危机) in India. His invention uses ultraviolet light to kill deadly disease-carrying germs (细菌) from drinking water. It costs just one cent to clean five liters of water (about 21 cups). So far, the invention has provided safe drinking water for more than five million people in India and other developing countries.
Gadgil’s another important invention is the Berkeley-Darfur Stove (炉具). The long and violent war in Darfur, Sudan, has caused many people to move to foreign countries and live in refugee camps (难民营). They are given food aid. But people still have to travel a long distance five times a week to gather firewood to cook meals. This can be dangerous because of street violence in the area. To avoid danger, some spend much of their money used to feed their families buying firewood.
The stove Gadgil created cuts fuel usage by 55%. That means people wouldn’t have to leave the camps to find firewood as often. The invention also helps to save homes more than $300 a year. About 125,000 people and their families have been helped.
As a professor, Gadgil encourages his students, “Be optimistic (乐观的) when you try a hard problem,” he says. “It’s when you solve a large problem that you can have a big influence on the world.”
小题1: Ashok Gadgil was given the honor because _______.

A．he was a famous professor and physicist at UC, Berkeley

B．he improved the lives of people in developing countries

C．he spent thirty years helping people in need

D．he developed useful inventions with his team

小题2:Which of the following statements about Gadgil is TRUE?

A．He helped about 125,000 people in India.

B．He spent lots of money on his inventions.

C．He used his knowledge to help people in need.

D．One of his inventions could cure Bengal cholera.

小题3:What do people benefit from the Berkeley-Darfur Stove?

A．They can sell stoves to make a living.

B．They can save both time and money.

C．They can be protected from diseases.

D．They can cook their food easily.

On very cold winter days , a group of Japanese children travelled a long way and arrived at a small island where nobody lived. After setting up a camp, they caught fish in the sea, and walked on the snow to find firewood , wild fruit and fresh water. Then they made a fire to do some cooking. They were not homeless children or modern Robinson. They were all pupils from a primary school and campers of special “ hardship (艰苦) camp”.
Every year primary and middle schools in Japan organize such camps to train the children’s spirit of bearing (忍受) hardship. Such places as thick forests and far-off mountains are chosen as camp places.
The Japanese education circles usually think it necessary to give children chances of suffering hardships. Children in Japan now may hardly find times of hardships, because of the rapid growth of national economy and improvement in the people’s living conditions. The experts think that such hardship camps can help children learn to live and develop in the struggle against nature in modern society.
It’s said that such hardship camps are warmly accepted by both Japanese school children and their parents.
小题1:Many Japanese children set up camps in far-off mountains or forests to ____________.

A．be modern Robinson	B．experience hardships
C．stay away from the troubles at home	D．enjoy travelling

小题2:Children in Japan now hardly find times of hardships because _________________.

A．they have too much homework to do every day.

B．their parents do most of the things for them

C．their living conditions are greatly improved

D．they don’t get out often

小题3:It seems that hardship camps are _________ in Japan.

A．getting fewer and fewer	B．very popular
C．not necessary among the children	D．good to those who are homeless

小题4:What one group of children did on a small island would help them to learn __________.

A．how to travel in places where nobody lived

B．about islands and seas

C．what to do at home or school

D．to live in the struggle against nature

小题5:What does the underlined word “ spirit ” mean in Chinese in the second passage ?
态度              B. 精神               C. 状态               D.  条件