In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business .But he was not a good artist .So he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden .That was the first photo.

The next important date in the history of photography (摄影) was in 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his reading room .He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.

Soon, other people began to use Daguerre’s way. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world .people took picture of famous buildings, cities and mountains.

In about 1840, photography was improved .Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things .That was not simple .The photographers had to carry a lot of films and other machines. But this did not stop them, for example, some in the United States worked so hard.

Mathew Brady was a famous American photographer. He took many pictures of great people .The pictures were unusual because they were very lifelike.

Photography also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century. Some photos were not just copies of the real world .They showed feelings like other kinds of art.

1.The first photo taken by Niepce was a picture of ________

A．his business        B．his house          C．his garden         D．his window

2.The Daguerreotype was_______.

A．a Frenchman                           B．a kind of picture

C．a kind of camera                        D．a photographer

3.If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840, he had to_____.

A．watch lots of films                       B．buy an expensive camera

C．stop in most cities                       D．take many films and something else.

4.This passage tells us_____________.

A．how photography was developed

B．how to show feelings in pictures

C．how to take pictures in the world

D．how to use different cameras

 

Photography is about taking photographs. In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden. That was the first photograph.

The next important date in the history of photograph was 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his studio. He used a new kind of camera and a different process. In his pictures, you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest details. This kind of photograph was called a daguerreotype.

Soon, other people began to use Daguerre’s process. Travelers brought back daguerreotypes from all around the world. People photographed famous buildings, cities and mountains.

In about 1840, the process was improved. The photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. The process was not simple. The photographers had to carry lots of films and processing equipment(设备). But this did not stop the photographers, especially in the United States.

Mathew Brady was a well-known American photographer. He took many pictures of famous people. The pictures were unusual because they were very life-like and full of personality. Brady was also the first person to take pictures of war. His 1862 Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and destroyed cities. They made the war seem more real and more terrible.

In the 1880s, new inventions began to change photograph. Photographers could buy films readymade in rolls(卷). So they did not have to make the film themselves. Also, they did not have to process(冲洗) the film at once. They could bring it back to their studios and develop it later. They did not have to carry lots of equipment. And finally, the invention of the small hand-held camera made photography less expensive.

Photography is also a form of art. Some photographs were not just copies of the real world. They showed ideas and feelings, like other art forms.

Title: The    1  of Photography

Photography doesn’t only mean taking photographs; it is also a form of art. Photographs showed not only the real world, but also the ideas and feelings.
In 1826	A Frenchman named Niepce invented a very simple camera and the first photograph was    2  by him.
In 1837	Another Frenchman Daguerre invented a kind of photograph called    daguerreotype. People could see    3    things in the pictures.
In 1840	The photographers could take pictures of people and moving things with lots of films and processing equipment.
In 1862	An American photographer Brady took many pictures of real and  4   things in the war. He was the first person to take war pictures.
In the 1880s	There were films readymade in rolls(卷). Photographers did not have to carry lots of equipment any more. The invention of the small  hand-held camera made photography  5 .

 

To protect the environment, we are on the way. Here are a few things we can do.

  Unwanted gifts? Give them away!

  Have you ever received a gift that you didn’t like? Did you throw it away? If so, you can have another choice now. Two British companies hopes people will give away their unwanted gifts to them. And they will resell the gifts to raise money for the poor. In this way, the gifts can be refused and have a future life. And people can make a difference to the world.

  Wear the trousers that reduce(减少) pollution!

  A chemistry scientist and a fashion designer (时装设计师) have created a new kind of trousers. The trousers are made of a new material which can help reduce air pollution around us. Scientists have tested the material. The result shows that it isn’t harmful to human. This new kind of trousers may appear at the market in two years. Professor Ryan said, “If thousands of people wear the trousers, the air quality will be improved.”

  Plant trees with Felix

  Felix Finkbeiner, a 14-year-old German boy, is not famous as a child actor but an environment hero. At the age of 9, Felix got the idea that children could do something to protect the environment. So he started a club. Felix soon got support from children all over the world. Some of them have become his good friends. The club has an aim of planting 212 million trees. They have planted over 3.5 million trees all around the world. Felix said, “The answer to controlling global(全球的) warming is trees—lots of trees!”

1.The companies resell the unwanted gifts      .

A. to make the unwanted gifts useful  B. to help people learn to think carefully

C. to save money from it            D. to make money for themselves.

2.The trousers mentioned in the passage         .

A. have been created by a physics scientist and a fashion designer

B. can help make air pollution less

C. will do harm to people

D. will be popular in two years

3.Felix started a club          .

A. to become famous

B. to become a child actor

C. to protect the environment with other children 

D. to make friends with the children around the world

 

Do you like drinking Coke? As a symbol of American culture, Coca-Cola is liked by many people, especially young people all around the world. But from now on, perhaps it will be hard for students in the US to get it on campus. A new agreement will end almost all sales of high-sugar fizzy drinks in US schools. The agreement allows only unsweetened juice, low-fat milk and water in primary and middle school vending machines（自动售货机）and cafeterias. Former American president Bill Clinton helped the American Heart Association and the beverage industry（饮料业） to come up with the agreement. He suffered from a weight problem and has had a heart operation since leaving the White House. He takes the agreement as “a bold step forward in the struggle to help 35 million young people lead healthier lives”.

Rising childhood obesity（肥胖）has become a big problem in America. A federal report noted that obesity has tripled among teenagers in the past 25 years. It called for new limits on the marketing of junk food to children. Soda is a particular target because of its caloric content and popularity among children.

Britain has already taken similar steps to fight obesity. A recent study shows that people in the UK are much healthier than the people in the US. However, it’s better late than never. Now American schools are trying to make new rules to guide the students to choose healthy drinks. American schools say goodbye to Coca-Cola.

1.What kind of beverage is NOT allowed to sell on campus?

A．High-sugar fizzy drinks.	B．Unsweetened juice.
C．Low-fat milk.	D．Water.

2.What does the underlined word “tripled” in the second paragraph mean?

A．Became as much.	B．Became twice as much.
C．Became three times as much.	D．Became four times as much.

3.What is the writer’s attitude（态度）towards limits on junk food?

A．Positive.

B．Neutral.

C．Negative.

D．Unclear.

4.Which of the following statements is WRONG?

A．Coca-Cola causes students’ obesity.

B．Coca-Cola makes people unhealthier.

C．Coca-Cola isn’t very popular in the world.

D．Coca-Cola is bad for our body.

5.Which is the best title of the passage?

A．Say “Goodbye” to Coca-Cola

B．The Junk Coca-Cola

C．Coca-Cola in China

D．Coca-Cola in the World

 

Spending two or three hours playing outdoors each day can reduce(减少)a child’s chance of becoming short-sighted（近视）,research shows . It challenges the belif that short-sightedness is caused by computer use , watching TV or reading in weak light .

     Australian government researchers believe that sunlight is good for people’s eyes . They compared the vision （视力）and habits of 100 seven-year-old children in China and Australia .In all,30% of the Chinese children were short-sighted .This percentage was ten times higher than Australian children.

     Both groups spent a similar amount of time reading, watching TV and playing computer games .However , the Australia children spent an average of two hours a day outdoors ,90 minutes more than the Chinese children.

Professor Ian Morgan said ,“Humans are naturally long-sighted ,but when people begin to go to school and spend little or no time outdoors ,the number of short-sighted peoplegets larger. We are also seeing more and more short-sighted children in cities all around the world –and the main reason may be that city children spend less time outdoors .

Daylight can be hundreds of times brighter than indoor light . But why does playing outside prevent us from becoming short-sighted ? Scientists believe that natural light has a special chemical（化学物质）which stops the eyeball from growing out of shape and prevents people from becoming short-sighted .

So go outdoors .It doesn’t matter if that time is spent having a picnic or playing sports .

根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。

1.What can reduce a child's chance of becoming short-sighted according to the passage ?

            A. Playing computer games.                

B. watching TV.

            C. Reading books.

D. Spending 2 or 3 hours playing outside every day.

2.What does the underlined word "percentage" mean?    

   A.百分比  B.功率    C.平均分  D.效率

3.How much time did the Chinese children spend outdoors according to the research?                                    

A. 2 hours.     B. 90 minutes.    C. 1 hour.    D. 30 minutes.

4.What is the fifth paragraph mainly about?

             A. Why people become short-sighted.

             B. Why natural light has a special chemical.

             C.  Why playing outside is good for one's eyesight.

             D.  Why daylight is much brighter than indoor light.

5.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?  

        A. People will all become short-sighted after they begin to go to school.

        B. Playing outdoors for 2 or 3 hours every day can help protect your eyesight.

        C.  Children in Australia are more likely to become short-sighted than those in China.

D.  lf you spend 2 or 3 hours playing outside each day, you will become short-sighted.