A Concussion（脑震荡） happens when the brain is shaken, often in a car crash or a fall or a strike on; the head in sports．Concussions can be mild, but doctors may order a CT scan to look for a more serious injury．But a recent study warned that more children than necessary are being exposed（使遭受） to radiation this way．
A national team led by two doctors at the University of California, Davis, studied hospital records from thousands of children with head injuries. They found that in many cases, the risk of developing cancer from the radiation outweighed the risk of a serious brain injury.
The study found that one in five children over age two had a low risk of serious injury but received CT scans anyway. The same was true of almost one in four children under two years of age.
The researchers have developed rules to predict if a head injury is serious enough for a scan. For children under two, doctors are advised against it if there is:
·Normal mental activity.
·No swelling in the back of the head.
·No feeling of a broken bone in the skull. (头骨)
·And no loss of consciousness for more than five seconds.
Doctors should also consider how the child was injured and whether the parents say the child is acting normally.
For patients from two to eighteen, the guidelines are similar —— except there should be no l vomiting（呕吐）and no severe headache.
Earlier this year, the British Journal of Sports Medicine published new guidelines for concussions in children and teens. International experts said they should not return to sports or school until fully recovered. The brain also needs a "cognitive rest," they say, by restricting activities like video games, texting and watching TV.
It often take longer than adults to recover from a concussion than adults. The experts say individual progress and not a set time period should always guide a decision to return to play.
【小题1】The researchers at the -University of California found that children who received CT scans

A．were likely to suffer brain injuries

B．wouldn’t have normal mental activity

C．would lose consciousness now and then

D．were likely to develop canter

【小题2】How many aspects should doctors consider when deciding whether a child under two needs a CT scan?        

A．Four．

B．Six．

C．Seven．

D．Nine．

【小题3】What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?

A．Texting is harmful to patients’ recovery from concussions．

B．Patients with brain injuries can play many sports．

C．Adults need a longer time than teens to recover from concussions．

D．It takes at least a year for individuals with brain injuries to fully recover．

【小题4】The author of the passage mainly___．

A．describes the risks of brain injuries

B．suggests CT scans are of practical use

C．tells us about the risks of brain injury tests

D．argues against new guidelines for concussions

A Concussion（脑震荡） happens when the brain is shaken, often in a car crash or a fall or a strike on; the head in sports．Concussions can be mild, but doctors may order a CT scan to look for a more serious injury．But a recent study warned that more children than necessary are being exposed to radiation this way．

A national team led by two doctors at the University of California, Davis, studied hospital records from thousands of children with head injuries. They found that in many cases, the risk of developing cancer from the radiation outweighed the risk of a serious brain injury.

The study found that one in five children over age two had a low risk of serious injury but received CT scans anyway. The same was true of almost one in four children under two years of age.

The researchers have developed rules to predict if a head injury is serious enough for a scan. For children under two, doctors are advised against it if there is:

·Normal mental activity.

·No swelling in the back of the head.

·No feeling of a broken bone in the skull. (头骨)

·And no loss of consciousness for more than five seconds.

Doctors should also consider how the child was injured and whether the parents say the child is acting normally.

For patients from two to eighteen, the guidelines are similar ——except there should be no loss of consciousness, no vomiting（呕吐） and no severe headache. 

 Earlier this year, the British Journal of Sports Medicine published new guidelines for concussions in children and teens. International experts said they should not return to sports or school until fully recovered. The brain also needs a "cognitive rest," they say, by restricting activities like video games, texting and watching TV.

It often takes young people longer than adults to recover from a concussion. The experts say individual progress and not a set time period should always guide a decision to return to play. More than one million cases of concussion are reported each year in the United States alone. A congressional committee has called a hearing Wednesday to discuss legal issues related to head injuries in football.

The researchers at the -University of California found that children who received CT scans

    A．were likely to suffer brain injuries

    B．wouldn't have normal mental activity

    C．would lose consciousness now and then   

    D．were likely to develop cancer

For patients from two to eight, the guidelines are similar to the ones for children under two except___________.

 A. there is normal mental activity.

B. there is no swelling in the back of the head.

C. there is no feeling of a broken bone in the skull.

D. there should be no loss of consciousness

What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?

    A．Texting is harmful to patients’ recovery from concussions．

    B．Patients with brain injuries can play many sports．

    C．Adults need a longer time than teens to recover from concussions．

    D．It takes at least a year for individuals with brain injuries to fully recover．

The author of the passage mainly___．

    A．describes the risks of brain injuries

    B．suggests CT scans are of practical use

    C．tells us about the risks of brain injury tests

    D．argues against new guidelines for concussions

A Concussion（脑震荡） happens when the brain is shaken, often in a car crash or a fall or a strike on; the head in sports．Concussions can be mild, but doctors may order a CT scan to look for a more serious injury．But a recent study warned that more children than necessary are being exposed（使遭受） to radiation this way．

A national team led by two doctors at the University of California, Davis, studied hospital records from thousands of children with head injuries. They found that in many cases, the risk of developing cancer from the radiation outweighed the risk of a serious brain injury.

The study found that one in five children over age two had a low risk of serious injury but received CT scans anyway. The same was true of almost one in four children under two years of age.

The researchers have developed rules to predict if a head injury is serious enough for a scan. For children under two, doctors are advised against it if there is:

·Normal mental activity.

·No swelling in the back of the head.

·No feeling of a broken bone in the skull. (头骨)

·And no loss of consciousness for more than five seconds.

Doctors should also consider how the child was injured and whether the parents say the child is acting normally.

For patients from two to eighteen, the guidelines are similar —— except there should be no l vomiting（呕吐）and no severe headache.

Earlier this year, the British Journal of Sports Medicine published new guidelines for concussions in children and teens. International experts said they should not return to sports or school until fully recovered. The brain also needs a "cognitive rest," they say, by restricting activities like video games, texting and watching TV.

It often take longer than adults to recover from a concussion than adults. The experts say individual progress and not a set time period should always guide a decision to return to play.

1.The researchers at the -University of California found that children who received CT scans

         A．were likely to suffer brain injuries    

         B．wouldn't have normal mental activity

         C．would lose consciousness now and then 

         D．were likely to develop canter

2.How many aspects should doctors consider when deciding whether a child under two needs a CT scan?       

         A．Four．        B．Six．  C．Seven．     D．Nine．

3.What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?

         A．Texting is harmful to patients’ recovery from concussions．

         B．Patients with brain injuries can play many sports．

         C．Adults need a longer time than teens to recover from concussions．

         D．It takes at least a year for individuals with brain injuries to fully recover．

4.The author of the passage mainly___．

         A．describes the risks of brain injuries

         B．suggests CT scans are of practical use

         C．tells us about the risks of brain injury tests

         D．argues against new guidelines for concussions

 

People who breathe infected air from a TB patient can become infected with the tuberculosis（肺结核） bacteria（细菌）. However, most people with active tuberculosis do not expel （驱逐，逐出）very many TB bacteria. So, the spread of the disease usually does not happen unless a person spends a large amount of time with a TB patient. Those most at risk are family members, friends and people who live or work closely with a patient.

Tuberculosis can attack any part of the body. However, the lungs are the most common targets（目标） of the bacteria. People with the disease show several signs. They may expel air from the lungs suddenly with an explosive（爆炸性的） noise. This kind of cough continues for a long period of time. People with a more severe case of tuberculosis also may cough up blood.

People with the disease often have high body temperatures. They suffer what are called night sweats, during which their bodies release large amounts of water through the skin. TB victims also are tired all the time. They are not interested in eating. So their bodies lose weight.

One thing that is especially dangerous about TB is that people with moderate（中等的） signs of the disease may not know they have had it. They may spread the disease to others without even knowing it. So, it is very important for people to get tested for tuberculosis.

The spread of the TB is through__________.

A、food        B、air         C、clothes          D、touching

Family members are those most at risk to be infected with the tuberculosis bacteria,_____________.

A、because they have the same bath room  B、because they have blood relationship

C、because they love each other very much  D、because they live in the same room

The common signs of TB are ___________.

A、cough or even cough with blood, night sweat, and tired of sleeping.

B、cough or even cough with blood, night sweat, and eating too much

C、cough, fever, feeling tired, night sweat, losing weight

D、cough, fever, feeling tired, night sweat, eating too much

Why may some TB patients spread the disease to others without even knowing it?

A、Because there is no sign in the early stage of the disease.

B、Because these patients don’t show any signs of the disease.

C、Because these patients’ signs of the disease are too weak to be noticed.

D、Because these patients don’t know how the disease spreads between people.

A Concussion（脑震荡） happens when the brain is shaken, often in a car crash or a fall or a strike on; the head in sports．Concussions can be mild, but doctors may order a CT scan to look for a more serious injury．But a recent study warned that more children than necessary are being exposed（使遭受） to radiation this way．

A national team led by two doctors at the University of California, Davis, studied hospital records from thousands of children with head injuries. They found that in many cases, the risk of developing cancer from the radiation outweighed the risk of a serious brain injury.

The study found that one in five children over age two had a low risk of serious injury but received CT scans anyway. The same was true of almost one in four children under two years of age.

The researchers have developed rules to predict if a head injury is serious enough for a scan. For children under two, doctors are advised against it if there is:

·Normal mental activity.

·No swelling in the back of the head.

·No feeling of a broken bone in the skull. (头骨)

·And no loss of consciousness for more than five seconds.

Doctors should also consider how the child was injured and whether the parents say the child is acting normally.

For patients from two to eighteen, the guidelines are similar —— except there should be no l vomiting（呕吐）and no severe headache.

Earlier this year, the British Journal of Sports Medicine published new guidelines for concussions in children and teens. International experts said they should not return to sports or school until fully recovered. The brain also needs a "cognitive rest," they say, by restricting activities like video games, texting and watching TV.

It often take longer than adults to recover from a concussion than adults. The experts say individual progress and not a set time period should always guide a decision to return to play.

The researchers at the -University of California found that children who received CT scans

       A．were likely to suffer brain injuries 

       B．wouldn't have normal mental activity

       C．would lose consciousness now and then 

       D．were likely to develop canter

How many aspects should doctors consider when deciding whether a child under two needs a CT scan?      

       A．Four．     B．Six．       C．Seven．   D．Nine．

What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?

       A．Texting is harmful to patients’ recovery from concussions．

       B．Patients with brain injuries can play many sports．

       C．Adults need a longer time than teens to recover from concussions．

       D．It takes at least a year for individuals with brain injuries to fully recover．

The author of the passage mainly___．

       A．describes the risks of brain injuries

       B．suggests CT scans are of practical use

       C．tells us about the risks of brain injury tests

       D．argues against new guidelines for concussions