Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people. “The burnt child fears the fire” is one example. Another  is  the  rise  of despots(独裁者) like Hitler. Both these examples also point out the fact that attitudes come from experiences. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was  indirect  and  cumulative(累积的). The Nazis got certain ideas largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.

　 The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a key position to influence(影响) attitudes. This is true partly because children obtain attitudes from those adults who they respect.

　 Another reason is that pupils are often curious about a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who has previously got little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher’s method of dealing with such a unit will greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.

　　However, when children go to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to change their feelings by praising or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain good experiences.

For example, first-grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably change their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research outside reading and all-day trips.

　　Finally a teacher must not constantly show her own attitudes because her influence can be no good if she has personal prejudices(偏见). This is especially true in respect to controversial(引起争议的) questions  on  which  children should be encouraged to reach their own decision as a result of objective analysis(分析) of all the facts.

1.. The passage mainly tells us _____.

     A. attitudes affect our actions

     B. teachers play an important role in developing children’s attitudes

     C. attitudes can be changed by some classroom experiences

     D. teachers gradually affect pupils’ attitudes by their attitudes

2.. In the first paragraph the writer gives us two examples to _____.

     A. show that attitudes come from experiences        B. compare with each other

     C. show all experiences are direct and impressive     D. tell experiences from attitudes

3..When children in school have unpleasant attitudes, teachers should _____.

     A. change their feelings by scolding them         B. think highly of their good attitudes

     C. help them by giving them good experiences     D. take no notice of their feelings

4..The passage specially states in the last paragraph that _____.

     A. direct experiences are more valuable than indirect ones

     B. what a child learns in school has already been introduced at home

     C. teachers can sometimes have a bad influence on children

     D. teachers should always cover up their own attitudes

Thousands of villages in the developing world have no telephones. They have no money to build telephone systems. A new kind of technology may help change this situation. I t reduces the cost of building and using telephone systems.

Traditional systems use wires to carry electrical signals from one telephone to another. The wires often cost much more than telephones. The new system is based on radio communication. Each telephone sends and receives signals through the air, but not through the wires. This reduces the cost greatly. The radio telephone gets their power from the sun.

Each is connected to a solar equipment that changes the sun’s energy into electricity. A battery stores the electricity until someone needs to make or receive a call. The telephone turns off by itself if the level of power in the battery falls too low. This prevents damage to the system. Each radio telephone is connected to a computer microprocessor. It rewards how many calls are sent and received. It controls the power supply.

The technology needs more study, but its new use of radio equipment sun power and computers may help start telephone ringing in the other parts of the world.

68. The radio telephone gets their power from_____.

A. the sun 　　　B. electricity 　　　C. battery 　　　D. a special equipment

69. Each telephone is connected to_____.

A. a solar equipment 　　　　　　　B. a radio machine

C. a computer microprocessor 　　　D. Both A and C

70. From the passage we can infer that_____.

A. the new telephone system costs less than before

B. we can not use the radio as before

C. the new telephone system will take the place of the old one

D. it will be much easier to radio from now on

71. The main idea of the passage is_____.

A. a simple telephone system has been invented and costs less money

B. thousands of villages will use the new telephone system very soon

C. traditional telephone system will become useless

D. the new system will be too good to use

　　How many coins nave you got in your pocket right now? Three? Two？ A bent one？

　　With a phonecard you can make up to 200 calls without any change at all.

　　（1） What do you do with it?

　　Go to a telephone box marked（you guessed it） “phonecard”.Put in your card, make your call and when you’ve finished, a screen tells you how much is left on your card.

　　（2） Now appear in a shop near you.

　　Near each Cardphone place you’ll find a shop where you can buy one. They’re at bus, train and city tube stations（地铁）.

　　Many universities, hospitals and clubs. Restaurants and gas stations on the highway and shopping centres. At airports and seaports.

　　（3） No more broken payphones.

　　Most broken payphones are like that because they’ve been vandalized（故意破坏）. There are no coins in Cardphone to excite thieves’ interest in it. So you’re not probably to find a vandalized one.

　　Get a phonecard yourself and try it out ,or get a bigger wallet.

　　　The passage is most probably ________ .

　　A. a warning

　　B. a note

　　C. an advertisement（广告）

　　D. an announcement

　　　There are three sections（部分） in the passage. Which section do you think is about why phonecards are good?

　　A. Section 1．　　　　　　　　　　B. Section 2．

　　C. Section 3．　　　　　　　　　　D. None.

　　Choose the right order or the steps under“How do you use a phonecard”.

　　a. Put in your phonecard.

　　b. Look at the screen to find out how many calls you can still make.

　　c. Go to a telephone box marked “Phonecard”.

　　d. Make your call.

　　A. a, b, c, d　　　　　　　　　　　 B. c, a, d, b

　　C. a, d, c, b　　　　　　　　　　　 D. c, d, a, b

Just be patient. You _____ expect the world to change so soon.

A. can’t    　  　     B. needn’t           C. may not        D. will not

Personal Growth

　　There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process.

　　People have generally viewed personal growth as an external (外部的，表面的) result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language — all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.

　　By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they gain new experiences and face unexpected difficulties. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept.

　　In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront (正视) the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we see ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we’re shy and indecisive (优柔寡断)? Then we may hesitate, move slowly, and not take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we’re slow to adapt to change or that we’re not smart enough to deal successfully with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.

　　These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary for us to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal (内部的) fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease (停止) to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.

In the author’s eyes, one who views personal growth as a process would _______.

       A. succeed in climbing up the social ladder

       B. judge his ability to grow from his own achievements

       C. face difficulties and take up challenges

       D. aim high and reach his goal each time

When the author says “a new way of being”, he is referring to ________.

       A. a new approach to experiencing the world      B. a new way of taking risks

       C. a new method of understanding ourselves　    D. a new system of adapting to change

For personal growth, the author supports all of the following EXCEPT _______.

       A. curiosity about more chances    B. promptness (迅速) in self-adaptation

       C. open-mindedness to new experiences       D. avoidance of internal fears and doubts

The best title for this passage should be _________.

       A. Growth — Product or Process  B. Facing New Challenges

       C. Two Basic Ways of Growth          D. Overcoming Internal Fears