An Australian man who has been donating his extremely rare kind of blood for 56 years has saved the lives of more than two million babies.

James Harrison has an antibody in his plasma that stops babies dying from Rhesus disease, a form of severe anaemia. He has enabled countless mothers to give birth to healthy babies, including his own daughter, Tracey, who had a healthy son thanks to her father's blood.

Mr. Harrison has been giving blood every few weeks since he was 18 years old and has now racked up a total of 984 donations. When he started donating, his blood was deemed so special that his life was insured for one million Australian dollars.

He was also nicknamed the “man with the golden arm” or the “man in two million”. He said: “I've never thought about stopping. Never.” He made a pledge to be a donor aged 14 after undergoing major chest surgery in which he needed 13 litres of blood. “I was in hospital for three months,” he said. “The blood I received saved my life so I made a pledge to give blood when I was 18.”

Just after he started donating he was found to have the rare and life-saving antibody in his blood. At the time, thousands of babies in Australia were dying each year of Rhesus disease. Other newborns suffered permanent brain damage because of the condition. The disease creates an incompatibility between the mother's blood and her unborn baby's blood. It stems from one having Rh-positive blood and the other Rh-negative.

His blood has since led to the development of a vaccine called Anti-D. After his blood type was discovered, Mr. Harrison volunteered to undergo a series of tests to help develop the Anti-D vaccine. “They insured me for a million dollars so I knew my wife Barbara would be taken care of,” he said. “I wasn't scared. I was glad to help. I had to sign every form going and basically sign my life away.”

Mr. Harrison is Rh-negative and was given injections of Rh-positive blood. It was found his plasma could treat the condition and since then it has been given to hundreds of thousands of women. It has also been given to babies after they are born to stop them developing the disease.

It is estimated he has helped save 2.2 million babies so far. Mr. Harrison is still donating every few weeks now.

How old is James Harrison？

A. 56           B. 70           C. 74           D. 78

What does the underlined phrase “two million” refer to?

A. babies           B. mothers      C. dollars          D. all of the above

   Why did James decide to donate his blood? Because _____.

    A. his daughter asked him to help her son

    B. he has a golden arm worth a million dollars

    C. a vaccine called Anti-D is to be developed

    D. someone else’s blood saved his life

The sentence “The disease creates an incompatibility between the mother's blood and her unborn baby's blood” (underlined in Paragraph 5) suggests that _____.

    A. babies suffer permanent brain damage before born

    B. the mother and the baby have different types of blood

    C. Rhesus disease contributes to permanent brain damage

    D. all the patients have a rare antibody in their blood

   What can we infer from the sixth paragraph?

    A. Some of the tests to develop the vaccine are dangerous.

    B. His wife Barbara needed to be taken care of badly then.

    C. Mr. Harrison was glad to help develop a new vaccine.

    D. His blood type was accidentally discovered after tests.

Few people would question the value of taking part in sports for young people . With proper training , supervision , protective equipment and techniques , and a proper emphasis on winning , sports can develop a healthy body and spirit and a life-long interest in being active and fit . Without such measures , childhood sports can lead to injuries and even paralysis or death .

Even in the best conditions , no activity can be risk-free. But most serious hazards are preventable. Cyclists and football players can reduce their risks by wearing helmets, hockey players by wearing masks；basketball and tennis players by wearing eye guards； baseball players by wearing batting helmets .

Besides, risks to individual players can often be found , and thus prevented , through a properly performed medical exam before a child plays . For accidents that cannot be preventable , having an emergency plan and first-aid equipment , and someone trained to use the equipment, can be lifesaving .

Still , each year , according to the American College of Sports Medicine , more than 775,000 children under 14 are treated in emergency rooms for sports injuries , nearly half of them preventable . An estimated 300,000 athletes experience exercise-related head illnesses each year , and almost all of them should have been avoided .

Further , from half to three-fourths of sports-related concussions（脑震荡）are never even diagnosed ; the injured are often sent back to play too soon and put a risk of another more serious brain-damaging concussion . To help reduce these risks , the National Center for Sports Safety , with the National Athletic Trainers’ Association , offers a three-hour online safety course for coaches for ＄28 at www.SportsSafety.org.

Which of the following is true according to the passage ?

A. All the accidents can be prevented .

B. All the accidents cannot be prevented .

C. Lives can be saved so long as there is proper equipment .

D. Lives cannot be saved even if there is proper equipment .

What does the underlined word “hazards”（in paragraph 2）mean ?

A. mistakes.        B. diseases.        C. dangers.       D. situations.

It is implied in the passage that       .

A. prevention of injuries is not paid enough attention to

B. children under 14 are more easily hurt in sports

C. most head illnesses are related with exercise

D. none of the head illnesses should have happened

阅读下面短文，并根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的字数要求）。

[1]Global difference in intelligence is a sensitive topic, long filled with a large number of different opinions. But recent data has indeed shown cognitive (认知的) ability to be higher in some countries than in others. What's more, IQ scores have risen as nations develop—a phenomenon known as the "Flynn effect". Many causes have been put forward for both the intelligence difference and the Flynn effect, including education, income, and even non-agricultural labor. Now, a new study from researchers at the University of New Mexico offers another interesting theory: intelligence may be linked to infectious-disease rates.

　　[2]The brain, say author Christopher Eppig and his colleagues, is the "most costly organ in the human body". Brainpower consumes almost up to 90 percent of a newborn's energy. It's clear that if something affects energy intake while the brain is growing, the impact could be long and serious. And for vast parts of the globe, the biggest threat to a child's body—and therefore brain—is parasitic (由寄生虫引起的) infection. These illnesses threaten brain development________________. They can directly attack live tissue, which the body must then try every means to replace. They can invade the digestive pipe and block nutritional intake. They can rob the body's cells for their own reproduction. And then there's the energy channeled (输送) to the immune system to fight the infection.

　　[3]Using data on national "disease burdens" (life years lost due to infectious diseases) and average intelligence scores, the authors found they are closely associated. The countries with the lowest average IQ scores have the highest disease burdens without exception. On the contrary, nations with low disease burdens top the IQ list.

　　[4]If the study holds water, it could be revolutionary for our understanding of the still-confusing variation in national intelligence scores.

1.What is the main idea of the text？(no more than 10 words)________________________

2.Complete the following statement with proper words.(no more than 4 words)

　　Those countries that have the ________________ are always at the bottom of the  IQ list.

3.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 5 words)

___________                                                                

4.What can cause intelligence difference？(no more than 8 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

5.What does the word "they" (Line 2, Paragraph 3) probably refer to？(no more than 8 words)

________________________________________________________________________

 

How to Become a Better Student

Maybe you are an average student.You probably think you will never be a top student.This is not necessarily so，however.Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to.Here is how.

Plan your time carefully.

When planning your week，you should make a list of things that you have to do.After making the list，you should make a schedule of your time.First arrange your time for eating，sleeping，dressing，etc..Then decide a good，regular time for studying.Don’t forget to set aside enough time for entertainment.A weekly schedule may not solve all the problems，but it will force you to realize what is happening to your time.

Find a good place to study.

Look around the house for a good study area.Keep this place，which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room，free of everything but study materials.No games，radios or TV！When you sit down to study，concentrate on the subject.

Make good use of your time in class.

Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teacher says.Really listening in class means less work later.Taking class notes will help you remember what the teacher says.

Study regularly.

When you get home from schools，go over your notes.Review the important points that your teacher has mentioned in class.If you know what your teacher is going to discuss the next day，read the material.This will help you understand the next class.If you do these things regularly，the material will become more meaningful，and you will remember it longer.

Develop a good attitude about the tests.

The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject.They help you to remember your new knowledge.The world won’t end if you don’t pass a test，so don’t be overly worried.

There are other methods that might help you with your studying.You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.

1．According to the text，a schedule may NOT include________.

A．a list of things you have to do

B．what you have to do every day

C．enough time for entertainment

D．something will happen unexpectedly

2．A good place for study should be a place where________.

A．everything needed is available

B．a writing desk is in the corner of a room only

C．nothing is there except your study materials

D．it is comfortable to stay

3．The last sentence in Tip 5 suggests “________”．

A．Tests are the most necessary art in your study

B．Take a test as a friend in need in your study

C．The world will come to an end unless you pass all tests

D．Never let tests trouble you in your study

4．Which of the following is NOT true?

A．Reading materials in your textbook before class will help.

B．In the writer’s opinion，there are five methods for your study.

C．It is necessary to go over your notes at home.

D．There are many other methods besides those mentioned.

Most students develop a fear of tests. It is mainly because they lack self-confidence. Fortunately, overcoming your fear of tests is not difficult, as long as you follow the tips below:

  1   Those who think that they are not well-prepared are usually those who fear tests the most. As long as you know that you have studied well and for long enough, you will be successful.

  2   As long as you have studied well, you will be more confident of your ability to succeed in the test.

   3   This way, you know what to prepare for and you can gain confidence about how well you will do in the test.

You should know that tests only measure your ability, not your intelligence. So, even if you think you will do badly in one test, be sure that there are other tests to come in which you can do better.   4   

   5   However, with the right attitude and preparation, you can overcome your fear of tests through the use of these tips.

A. Ask your teacher beforehand about the material that is going to be covered in the test.

B. Be confident of yourself.

C. Only if you overcome your fear can you achieve much in the tests.

D. Make sure that you are well-prepared.

E. Never be afraid of the coming test.

F. As long as you think that there is another tomorrow, you can overcome your fear of this one test.

G. A fear can be a hurdle (障碍) to success.