A.从AB面射入到BC面射出.红光用的时间最长B.让彩色光带右边缘的色光照射某金属板.如果有光电子射出.那么让彩色光带左边缘的色光照射该金属板同样会有光电子射出C.分别用彩色光带左.右边缘的色光做双逢干涉实验.在相同条件下.用左边色光做实验得到的干涉条纹的间距更大些D.若∠MNB逐渐变小.红光最先从AC面透出 查看更多

 

题目列表(包括答案和解析)

假设你是红光中学的学生李明,上周在学校举办的英语竞赛中获得一等奖。校报请你写一篇稿件刊登在英文版面上,介绍你课外学习英语的经验。请根据以下提示用英语写一篇短文:

参加英语角的益处;2、坚持写英语日记的作用;3、英文阅读网站(EnjoyReading)对你的帮助。

注意:1. 词数:不少于100;

      2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。3. 文章开头已给出,不计算在总词汇中。

My name Liming , a student from HongGuang Middle School.                               

                                                                                

                                                                                 

                                                                                

                                                                                

                                                                                 

                                                                                

                                                                                

                                                                                

                                                                                 

                                                                                

 

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某英语国家向全球中学生招募一批“文化小使者”(Little Envoy)。假如你是天津红光中学的学生李华,有意参与该活动。下面是一份申请表格,现请你用英文在线申请(仅需填写“申请陈述”部分),内容如下:

•表示有意参加

•说说你能胜任的原因 (有团队精神,善于交流等)

•说说你对文化小使者的理解(如相互学习,增进友谊,加深文化了解等)

•希望申请成功

注意:

1. 可适当发挥,注意行文连贯;

2. 词数120左右。开头已为你写好,不计入总词数。

Name

(姓名)

Li Hua

Sex

(性别)

M

Age

(年龄)

18

Email

(电子邮件)

lihua@hongguangschool.com

Application Form (申请表)

I’m a student from Tianjin Hongguang Middle School. I _________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。注意:涂卡时,如答题卡上没有E、F、G选项,请按如下方式填涂:选E涂AB;选F涂BC;选G涂CD。
Before going outside in the morning, many of us check a window thermometer (温度计) for the temperature. This helps us decide what to wear.    1    We want our food to be a certain coldness in the refrigerator. We want it a certain hotness in the oven. If we don’t feel well, we use a thermometer to see if we have a fever. We keep our rooms a certain warmth in the winter and a certain coolness in the summer.
Not all the thermometers use the same system to measure temperature. We use a system called the Fahrenheit scale. But most other countries use the Centigrade scale.
Both systems use the freezing and boiling points of water as their guide.     2    
The most common kind of thermometer is made with mercury (水银) inside a clear glass tube. As mercury ( or any other liquid ) becomes hot, it expands. As it gets colder, it contracts (收缩) . That is why on hot days the mercury line is high in the glass tube.     3       
First, take a clear glass juice bottle that has a cap; fill the bottle with colored water. Tap a hole in the center of the cap using a hammer and thick nail. Put the cap on the jar. Then stick a plastic straw (吸管) through the nail hole.
     4    
Finally, place a white card on the outside of the bottle and behind the straw. Now you can see the water level easily.
     5     
As the temperature goes down, the water will contract, and the level in the straw will come down. Perhaps you will want to keep a record of the water level in the straw each morning for a week.
A.      We use and depend on thermometers to measure the temperature of many other things in our daily lives.
B.      Thermometers measure temperature, by using materials that change in the same way when they are heated or cooled.
C.      Now that you know this rule you can make a thermometer of your own that will work.
D.      The water will rise in the straw. As the temperature of the air goes up, the water will expand and rise even higher.
E.      They label these in different ways. On the Fahrenheit scale water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees. On the Celsius scale water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees.
F.      Take wax ( you may use an old candle if you have one ) and melt some of it right where the straw is stuck into the cap to seal them together. 
G.      People use thermometers which are made by themselves when travelling around the world.

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根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。注意:涂卡时,如答题卡上没有E、F、G选项,请按如下方式填涂:选E涂AB;选F涂BC;选G涂CD。

Before going outside in the morning, many of us check a window thermometer (温度计) for the temperature. This helps us decide what to wear.    1     We want our food to be a certain coldness in the refrigerator. We want it a certain hotness in the oven. If we don’t feel well, we use a thermometer to see if we have a fever. We keep our rooms a certain warmth in the winter and a certain coolness in the summer.

   Not all the thermometers use the same system to measure temperature. We use a system called the Fahrenheit scale. But most other countries use the Centigrade scale.

   Both systems use the freezing and boiling points of water as their guide.     2     

   The most common kind of thermometer is made with mercury (水银) inside a clear glass tube. As mercury ( or any other liquid ) becomes hot, it expands. As it gets colder, it contracts (收缩) . That is why on hot days the mercury line is high in the glass tube.     3        

   First, take a clear glass juice bottle that has a cap; fill the bottle with colored water. Tap a hole in the center of the cap using a hammer and thick nail. Put the cap on the jar. Then stick a plastic straw (吸管) through the nail hole.

        4    

   Finally, place a white card on the outside of the bottle and behind the straw. Now you can see the water level easily.

        5     

   As the temperature goes down, the water will contract, and the level in the straw will come down. Perhaps you will want to keep a record of the water level in the straw each morning for a week.

A.       We use and depend on thermometers to measure the temperature of many other things in our daily lives.

B.       Thermometers measure temperature, by using materials that change in the same way when they are heated or cooled.

C.       Now that you know this rule you can make a thermometer of your own that will work.

D.       The water will rise in the straw. As the temperature of the air goes up, the water will expand and rise even higher.

E.       They label these in different ways. On the Fahrenheit scale water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees. On the Celsius scale water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees.

F.       Take wax ( you may use an old candle if you have one ) and melt some of it right where the straw is stuck into the cap to seal them together. 

G.       People use thermometers which are made by themselves when travelling around the world.

 

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阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

One day a few years ago we had an uninvited guest—a sparrow.  36  the little bird had flown into our open garage. Then I  37  the bird before I saw it.

“What’s that?”I asked when I first heard the sound.

“It’s coming from the  38  .”my wife, Anita, said. “Maybe it’s one of the little  39  .”

I looked into the garage. No children at all. But there was that sound again, coming from right up there. And that’s  40   I saw the sparrow. It was flying  41  just inches below the ceiling. It was clearly  42  to get out, but couldn’t see the way out was not up, but  43  and and out through the garage door. So the bird continued flapping its wings and bumping its little head 44  the ceiling.

I tried to terrify it out, but only succeeded in driving it into the  45  open space between the door and the ceiling. Then I tried to show the bird how to fly down a few feet  46   it could get outside, but that only seemed to  47  it more.

“Why don’t we just leave for a few minutes,” Anita  48  .“I’m sure he’ll figure it out eventually.”

We went back into the house, where we  49  to hear the ongoing struggle between the sparrow and the ceiling. Then suddenly, it was  50  and our uninvited guest was gone.

I’ve  51  that little sparrow through the years, and I’ve decided that birds are not different much from people. We think we were  52  to fly ever upward, and we don’t even consider the  53  that something good might happen if we just fly down a little bit. Once we figure out that we can make  54  without banging(碰)our heads against ceilings, we can usually save ourselves much  55  .

36.A. Still              B. Somehow          C. Instead              D. Perhaps

【答案】B

【解析】不知怎么的,这只小鸟飞进了我们开着的车库。B.不知怎么的。

37.A. heard            B. caught               C. searched           D. observed

【答案】A

【解析】根据下文when I first heard the sound, 可知本句的意思是“未见其鸟,先闻其鸣”。

38.A. house           B. backyard           C. garage               D. basement

【答案】C

【解析】根据36题所在的句子可知, 小鸟进入了garage,所以声音应该从garage传来。

39.A. birds            B. guests               C. cats                  D. kids

【答案】D

【解析】根据下文no children at all.可知, 作者的妻子认为是期中一个孩子

40.A. when            B. how                  C. why                  D. whether

【答案】A

【解析】when引导表语从句。“就在那时我看到了那只麻雀。”

41.A. quickly         B. anxiously           C. cautiously          D. slowly

【答案】B

【解析】anxiously不安的,焦虑的。因为被困,所以很焦虑。

42. A. deciding       B. hesitating           C. trying                D. choosing

【答案】C

【解析】try to get out努力要出去。

43. A. up               B. backward          C. forward            D. down

【答案】D

【解析】但是它看不到出去的路不在上方,而在下方。

44. A. against         B. off                    C. along                D. into

【答案】A

【解析】bump its little head against the ceiling 小脑袋撞击天花板

45. A. free             B. small                 C. wide                 D. dark

【答案】B

【解析】门和天花板之间的空间很小。

46. A. in case         B. even if               C. as though          D. so that

【答案】D

【解析】so that 引导目的状语从句。

47. A. puzzle          B. confuse             C. frighten             D. disturb

【答案】C

【解析】但是这样似乎使它更害怕。Frighten sb使某人害怕, 吓唬某人

48. A. suggested     B. explained           C. insisted             D. demanded

【答案】A

【解析】why don’t sb do 是表示建议的用语。 所以选择A。

49. A. attempted     B. continued          C. refused             D. failed

【答案】B

【解析】continue to do sth继续干某事

50. A. fierce           B. empty               C. safe                  D. silent

【答案】D

【解析】根据下文our uninvited guest was gone, 所以没有声音了,很安静

51.A. looked after   B. worried about    C. thought about    D. brought up

【答案】C

【解析】A.照看 B.担心 C.思考  D. 提出。下文题到“鸟和人没有什么不同”,所以作者是在思考。

52. A. forced         B. determined         C. born                 D. urged

【答案】C

【解析】be born to do 天生就是干某事的。 “我们认为我们天生就是往上飞的”

53. A. idea             B. possibility          C. challenge           D. problem

【答案】B

【解析】我们甚至没有考虑这种可能性,如果我们飞的低一些,好事也可能会发生。

54. A. progress      B. peace                C. decisions           D. efforts

【答案】A

【解析】make progress取得进步

55. A. panic           B. pressure            C. loss                  D. trouble

【答案】D

【解析】save some trouble 省去很多麻烦。

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1.D【解析】β-珠蛋白DNA探针、RNA聚合酶结合位点、大肠杆菌质粒的化学本质都是DNA;胰岛素是蛋白质;HIV的遗传物质是RNA;生长素是吲哚乙酸;2,4-D是一种生长素类似物。

2.D【解析】作物“烧心”是由于缺乏如铁、钙等在细胞中以稳定化合物形式存在的矿质元素,有别于因缺水而造成的“烧苗”。

3.B【解析】疫苗的作用是在机体不患病的情况下发生免疫反应,产生的抗体与抗原结合,发挥免疫效应;流感病毒的遗传物质是单链的RNA,其结构稳定性不如天花病毒的双链DNA,容易发生变异,所以流感疫苗的研究的难度较天花疫苗研究的难度大很多;正是由于流感病毒极易发生变异,所以某种特定的单克隆抗体不一定对其它的抗原起作用。

4.C【解析】生态系统的成分除生产者、消费者和分解者外,还包括了非生物的物质和能量;生物圈的自给自足表现在物质上,能量来源于太阳能;草原上的牛和羊同属于第二营养级,共获得生产者固定太阳能的10%~20%。

5.B【解析】考查分泌蛋白的形成和分泌过程这一知识点和图形分析能力。蛋白质分泌以细胞膜的外排方式实现,所经过的膜结构顺序为:内质网→高尔基体→细胞膜,所以结果是:内质网面积减小,高尔基体膜面积不变,细胞膜面积增加。

6.B 【解析】有机分子的特点一般满足C四键、H一键、N三键原则,三聚氰胺分子中含有3个-NH2,则其余3个C、3个N形成一个六元环,故三聚氰胺的结构简式为。。根据三聚氰胺的结构简式,该物质不是高聚物,也不是氨基酸,但分子中含有不饱和键,在一定条件下能发生加成反应。六元环不变且除自身外的三聚氰胺的异构体有3种。

7.B   【解析】选项A,Na2O2中含有的阳离子为Na,阴离子为O22?,0.1mol  Na218O2中含有的阴阳离子总数为0.3NA。选项B,C2H4、C3H6的化学式均为CH21.4g二者含有的C原子数的物质的量=1.4g/14g?mol-1=0.1mol,即0.1NA。选项C,0.1mol Cl2参与反应电子转移0.1mol。选项D,D2O为10电子微粒,18g D2O物质的量小于1mol,含有的电子数也小于NA

8.A 【解析】选项A,ClO具有氧化性,SO2具有还原性,SO2被氧化为SO42?,ClO被还原为Cl?,正确。选项B,加入少许H时,CO32?优先与H结合生成HCO3?。选项C,离子方程式两边电荷不守恒。选项D,Mg2能与电解产生的OH?结合生成难溶性Mg(OH)2沉淀:Mg2 + 2Cl? + 2H2O=Mg(OH)2↓+ H2↑+ Cl2↑。

9. B 【解析】加入稀H2SO4出现白色混浊说明一定存在Ba2,因SO32?、CO32?能与Ba2结合生成难溶物BaSO3、BaCO3,所以原溶液中不存在SO32?、CO32?。由于溶液呈电中性,剩下的一种HCO3?,一定存在。无法判断是否含有K,所以原溶液中一定含有Ba2、HCO3?,可能含有K。溶质可能是Ba(HCO3)2或Ba(HCO3)2和KHCO3

10.D 【解析】根据题设条件可推知A为NH4,B为OH?,C为NH3,D为H2O。NH3能与H2O反应生成NH3?H2O。NH4为离子,不是分子,所以NH4不是非极性分子。选项D,固态H2O分子间存在氢键,其熔沸点高于固态H2S,与H-O和H-S键强弱无关。NH4Cl ,NH4水解溶液的pH<7。

11.C【解析】分析反应①②中各元素的价态变化可知,反应①中,SO2为还原剂,Fe3为氧化剂,且还原性:SO2>Fe2,氧化性:Fe3>SO42?。反应②中,Fe2为还原剂,Cr2O72?为氧化剂,且还原性:Fe2>Cr3+ ,氧化性:Cr2O72? > Fe3。由此可见选项A、B错误。选项C,由于Cr2O72?具有氧化性,Na2SO3具有还原性,故Cr2O72? 能将Na2SO3氧化成Na2SO4。选项D,反应①中Fe2(SO4)3为氧化剂,反应②中Fe2(SO4)3为氧化产物。

12.C【解析】选项A,NaHS、Na2S溶液又因为有HS?、S2?的水解,使其溶液呈碱性,但S2?的水解能力大于HS?,故溶液的pH值:③>②。H2S溶液呈酸性,H2S和NaHS混合液中,由于HS?抑制的H2S的电离,故溶液的pH:④>①,4种溶液pH大小顺序为:③>②>④>①。选项B,由于HS?抑制H2S的电离,所以H2S溶液中的c(H2S)小于H2S和Na2S混合液中的c(H2S)。选项C,c(Na)=0.1mol?L-1,根据物料守恒有:c(H2S) + c(HS?) + c(S2?)=0.2mol?L-1,故2c(Na)=c(H2S) + c(HS?) + c(S2?)。选项D,根据电荷守恒有:c(H) + c(Na)=c(OH?) + c(HS?) +2 c(S2?)。

13.B 【解析】设达平衡时生成SO3(g)物质的量为2x ,则剩余SO2(g)的物质的量为(3-2x),O2(g)(2-x),混合气体总的物质的量为(5-x),根据阿伏伽德罗定律有5/(5-x)=1/0.9,解得x=0.5mol,再结合热化学方程式可知,放出的热量为196.6kJ/2=98.3kJ。选项B,起始物质的量改为 4mol SO2 、 3 mol O2 、2SO3 (g) 相当于加入6mol SO2、4mol O2,n(SO2)/n(O2)=3/2,故与第一次平衡是等效平衡,两次平衡中SO2的转化率、SO3的体积分数相等,故选项B正确,C错误。选项D,题目没有告诉达平衡时的时间,无法计算反应速率。

14.AD【解析】由状态方程知温度升高而压强增大体积必增大,故状态I时气体的密度比状态II时气体的密度大,A正确,平衡态II的温度比状态I高,故状态I时分子的平均动能比状态II时分子的平均动能小,B错误,由热力学第一定律知从状态I到状态II过程中温度升高内能变大,体积增大对外界做功,气体要从外界吸热,故C错,D正确,故选AD。

15.答案:BD【解析】:在同一介质中红光传播速度最大,从AB面射入到BC面射出,红光用的时间最短,故选项A错.由于玻璃对红光折射率最小,对紫光的折射率最大,即紫光的偏折本领最大,所以彩色光带右边缘的色光为红光,左边缘的色光为紫光,且紫光的频率比红光的要高,当红光能让某金属板发生光电效应,紫光也一定能够,故选项B正确.在同样条件下做双缝干涉实验,波长越长,相邻干涉条纹间距越大,而彩色光带左边缘的色光是紫光,其波长最短,故选项C错.对玻璃而言,在七色光中,红光的临界角最大,当∠MNB逐渐变小时,射到AC面上的光的入射角变小,且红光入射角小得更多,故红光最先从从AC面透出,所以选项D正确.

16、答案 D 【解析】 烧断细线后,无论是弹簧将A+BC弹开过程,还是AB分离后,系统始终动量守恒、机械能守恒;弹簧将A+BC弹开过程,A+BC动量大小相等,动能跟质量成反比,因此A+B的总动能是E/3,其中A的动能是E/6;当时C的动能是2E/3;前3个选项都错,可判定D正确。证明:AB分离时,B+C的总动能是5E/6,BC共速时弹性势能最大,当时AB+C动量大小相等,动能跟质量成反比,因此B+C的动能是E/12,该过程B+C的动能损失就是此时的弹性势能,因此Ep=5E/6- E/12=3E/4。

17.答案:ACD【解析】:根据波的传播方向,可以判断b质点此时刻振动方向沿y轴负方向,离开平衡位置,速度正在变小,A对;由图象可知该波的波长是4m,根据发生明显衍射现象的条件判断D正确;根据,由波干涉条件知C正确;经过0.01s即半个周期,任何质点通过的路程都是2个振幅,即0.4m,B错误.

18.C【解析】从图(甲)到图(乙)的过程中,根据动能定理有:,所以;从抛出后到落地,根据动能定理得:,代入上式可得:

19.答案: BC 【解析】此模型为类双星模型,两电荷做圆周运动的角速度相等;两个电荷之间的库仑力充当各自做圆周运动的向心力,所以向心力大小相等,A错,B对.由知,线速度大小与质量成反比,运动半径与质量成反比,C对,D错.

20.答案:ABD 【解析】天然放射性元素的半衰期与温度改变无关。根据质能方程计算可知D答案正确。

21.答案:.D  【解析】地球同步卫星是指与地球自转同步的人造卫星,它的周期是24小时,它的轨道平面只能在赤道,轨道也是固定的,但并不是说同一赤道平面内的、或是周期与地球自转周期相等的就都是同步卫星,故A、C是错的、D是正确的;同步卫星做圆周运动时,内部的仪器是处于失重状态而不是超重状态,B错

22.答案.(1)(g+a)× (OM-ON)=(g-a)× OP    (4分)

【解析】利用纸带分析得m1带动m2的加速度为a ,又由牛顿第二定律得a=解得

3000;(2分)

(1分);乙图中电流表的示数太小,误差太大丙图中R的阻值与电压表阻值接近,误差小。(3分)。

⑶实物图连接如右图所示:(4分)

⑷实验步骤:

闭合K1.再闭合K,读得电压表示数U;再断开K,读得电压表示数U.(2分) ②RV。(2分)

23.【解析】:(1)负电……(2分)∵mg =E×……(5分)

E=4(r+R)dmg/Rq…………(2分)

(2)mg+q v0B=……………(5分)    ∴v0=mg/qB…………(2分)

24.【解析】:(1)ab通过最大电流时,受力分析如图甲,此时静摩擦力最大,,方向沿斜面向下,由平衡条件得:

水平:

(3分)

竖直:(3分)

以上两式联立得出

(3分)

(2)通以最小电流时,ab受力分析如图乙,此时ab受静摩擦力,方向沿斜面向上,与(1)类似,由平衡条件得:(3分)

(3)当ab中电流最小时,变阻器阻值为:(3分)

当ab中电流最强时,变阻器阻值为:,(2分 )

为保持ab静止,R的调节范围为0.91~10.(1分)

25.【解析】:(1)设A物块碰撞B物块前后的速度分别为v1和v2,碰撞过程中动量守恒,

  代入数据得:        (4分)

(2)设A、B两物块碰撞前后两物块组成的系统的机械能分别为E1和E2,机械能的损失为,根据能的转化和守恒定律:   

     %     (4分)

(3)设物块A的初速度为v0,轮胎与冰面的动摩擦因数为µ,A物块与B物块碰撞前,根据动能定理:                 (3分)

碰后两物块共同滑动过程中根据动能定理:

         (3分)

、  及(1)、(2)得:    (2分)

设在冰面上A物块距离B物块为L′时,A物块与B物块不相撞,

则:                             (4分)

26.(15分)(1)(1)KNO3 (2分)CuSO4(2分)

(2) Na2CO3  (2分)

(3)Al3 + 3OH?=Al(OH)3↓(3分) Al(OH)3 + OH?=AlO2? + 2H2O (3分)

(4) Al3 + 3H2O Al(OH)3(胶体)+ 3H (3分)

【解析】根据实验①可知,D中含有Cu2;根据实验②可知C中含有Al3,E可能是KOH或NaOH,再根据③,只有B、C中含有K,故E为NaOH。根据实验③A中含有HCO3?,故A为NaHCO3,C、D中含有SO42?,故D为CuSO4,C为KAl(SO4)2

最后可判定B为KNO3。等物质的量的NaHCO3与NaOH反应生成Na2CO3和H2O。 NaOH溶液加入到KAl(SO4)2溶液中,首先是Al3与OH?反应生成Al(OH)3,Al(OH)3沉淀又溶解在过量的NaOH溶液中:Al3 + 3OH?=Al(OH)3↓,Al(OH)3 + OH?=AlO2? + 2H2O。KAl(SO4)2中的Al3水解生成具有吸附作用的Al(OH)3胶体而净水。

27.(14分)(1)Na2CO3 +HCl=NaHCO3 + NaCl    (3分)

(2)Cl2 + 2OH?=Cl? + ClO? + H2O (3分)

(3)①Na2O或Na2O2  (4分,每空各2分)②Na或NaOH (4分,每空各2分)

【解析】(1)根据题设条件可知,B为盐酸,C为CO2,D为H2O,E为NaCl。

(2)根据题设条件可知B为浓盐酸,C为Cl2

(3)若C为O2,D、E的焰色反应均为黄色,D、E中含有Na,含有Na的能产生O2的固体为Na2O2,E能与盐酸反应生成的气体能使澄清石灰水变混浊,该气体为CO2,B、E可相互转化,故可推知B溶液为NaHCO3溶液,E为Na2CO3溶液,D为NaOH溶液。Na2O2与NaHCO3溶液反应可分解为:2Na2O2 + 2H2O=4NaOH + O2↑,NaHCO3 + NaOH=Na2CO3 + H2O。amol NaHCO3→a mol Na2CO3,只要增加a mol Na,同时用OH? 将HCO3?转化为CO32? ,所加物质所产生的Na和OH?的物质的量相等,才能不产生杂质,故X为Na2O或Na2O2,Y为Na或NaOH。

28.(16分)(1)B(2分)  铜与HNO3反应前,应排净装置内的空气,防止NO与O2发生反应 (2分)

(2)将C中的溶液加适量水稀释(2分)

(3)③④⑤⑨ (3分)

(4)第二,打开a,通足量N2,排净装置中的空气(2分)

(5)向下移动乙管,使甲、乙两管液面在同一水平面上(2分)
(6)(V-11.2n)/33.6n (3分)

【解析】根据实验目的,要求得m值,需测定出Cu与HNO3反应生成的NO2和NO的物质的量,为此需将产生的气体首先通入装置C中,H2O吸收NO2生成NO和HNO3,用装置E测定出NO的体积,如果装置中有空气,空气中的O2会将NO氧化成NO2导致实验误差,装置B通入N2能将装置中空气赶走,防止NO被氧化,为此需要的装置为B、C、E,装置接口连接顺序为③④⑤⑨。由于浓HNO3具有强氧化性,能将指示剂氧化而影响实验,可加水稀释降低其氧化性,而溶质HNO3的量不变,便于观察指示剂颜色变化。用装置E测定NO的体积时,如甲的液面高于乙的液面,测出的NO体积偏小,如甲的液面低于乙的液面,测出的NO体积偏大,故应向下移动乙管,使甲、乙两管液面在同一水平面上,从而减少误差。根据反应:3NO2 + 2H2O=2HNO3 + NO,混合气体中含有NO21.5nmol,NO总的物质的量为V/22.4mol,其中属于Cu与HNO3反应生成的NO为(V/22.4-n/2)mol,故M=(V/22.4-n/2):1.5n=(V-11.2n)/33.6n。

29.(15分)(1)取代(或水解)、中和反应 (2分) (2)HCOOCH3  (2分) HOCH2CHO (2分)

(3)(2分)

  (4)+ 3NaOH+ CH3COONa + 2H2O (3分)

(5) (2分) (2分)

 

【解析】A的分子式为C9H8O4,A能与醇发生酯化反应,说明A中含有-COOH,且A在NaOH溶液中发生水解生成CH3COONa,说明A中酯的官能团,该官能团与-COOH处于苯环上的邻位,再结合A的分子式推知A的结构简式为,B为,由于H2CO3的酸性大于酚而小于羧酸,故在溶液中通入CO2时,只有酚的钠盐反应生成D()和NaHCO3。CH3COONa与H反应生成E(CH3COOH)。CH3COOH的同分异构体中R中含有-CHO和-OH:HOCH2CHO,Q中含有-CHO而没有-OH:HCOOCH3。对照结构可知,首先用与酚羟基反应,然后再用酸性KMnO4氧化-CH3为-COOH即可得到A。

30.【解析】(1)新陈代谢是生物最本质的特征。(2)人体内水的来源包括:饮水、食物中的水、代谢产生的水,人体代谢产生水的途径有:核糖体上的氨基酸脱水缩合、线粒体中的有氧呼吸等。(3)异化作用类型包括需氧型、厌氧型和兼性厌氧型,根据材料提供信息,气性坏疽的异化作用类型为厌氧型。(4)本题考查的是细胞的选择透过性,细胞的功能特性决定于细胞膜上的载体的种类和数量

【答案】(12分,每空各2分)(1)新陈代谢现象  (2) 代谢产生水   

氨基酸脱水缩合(或有氧呼吸)      (3)  厌氧型

(4)选择透过性    载体蛋白 

【解析】由反应式:CO2+C5→C32C3学科网(Zxxk.Com)C5+CH2O可知:一定范围内的CO2增加可以使细胞中C3增加;一定范围内的光照增强会导致细胞内C5增加。甲图信息显示:只考虑光照的影响,光照强度为由n增加到k时,光合速率几乎不变,而乙图的变化应是光照之外的其他因素引起,比如温度等

【答案】(10分,每空各2分)(1)低、高、约等于   (2)温度   

(3)光照强度、CO2浓度、温度

31.(20分)【解析】:(1)该6个品系玉米的基因型分别为:①:AABBCCDDEE  ②:aaBBCCDDEE  ③:AAbbccDDEE  ④:AABBCCddEE  ⑤:AABBCCDDee  ⑥:aabbccddee

基因分离定律适用于一对等位基因控制的相对性状的遗传,基因自由组合定律适用于2对(及以上)的同源染色体上的2对(及以上)等位基因控制的性状遗传。具有两对相对性状的纯合亲本杂交,F1自交。若F2中出现性状分离比为:双显∶单显1∶单显2∶双隐=9∶3∶3∶1,则控制这两对相对性状的基因位于2对同源染色体上,反之则位于同一染色体上

让F1侧交,若F2中出现性状分离比为:双显∶单显1∶单显2∶双隐=1∶1∶1∶1,则控制这两对相对性状的基因位于2对同源染色体上,反之则位于同一染色体上

【答案】(1)②与①(③或、④、⑤) (1分)  不行  (1分)  品系①和⑤只有一对相对性状   (2分)不行 (1分)  控制花色和种皮颜色的基因位于同一对同源染色体(Ⅰ)上,而控制子叶味道的基因位置未知(2分)

(2)D(1分)

①若绿色非甜子叶∶绿色甜子叶∶黄色非甜子叶∶黄色甜子叶=9∶3∶3∶1,则控制子叶颜色和味道的基因不是位于同一染色体上。(3分)

②若绿色非甜子叶∶绿色甜子叶∶黄色非甜子叶∶黄色甜子叶≠9∶3∶3∶1(答绿色甜子叶:绿色非甜子叶:黄色非甜子叶=1:2:1也可),则控制子叶颜色和味道的基因位于同一染色体上。(3分)

(3)

①若绿色非甜子叶∶绿色甜子叶∶黄色非甜子叶∶黄色甜子叶=1∶1∶1∶1,则控制子叶颜色和味道的基因不是位于同一染色体上。(3分)

②若绿色非甜子叶∶绿色甜子叶∶黄色非甜子叶∶黄色甜子叶≠1∶1∶1∶1(答绿色甜子叶:黄色非甜子叶=1:1也可),则控制子叶颜色和味道的基因位于同一染色体上。(3分)

 

 

 


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