题目列表(包括答案和解析)
一个四棱锥和一个三棱锥恰好可以拼接成一个三棱柱.这个四棱锥的底面为正方形,且底面边长与各侧棱长相等,这个三棱锥的底面边长与各侧棱长也都相等.设四棱锥、三棱锥、三棱柱的高分别为
,
,
,则
( )
A.
B.
C.
D.![]()
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
D
The first MP4 player was born years ago. Soon many music fans were wondering how fantastic it is! If you have been into technology enough, perhaps you may have a knowledge of the MP4. If not, you do need to know something before buying one, even if you are familiar with MP3. MP3 is the CD-like disc with greater capacity. How about MP4? This small digital product will really enrich the joy from listening to music. You can even feel the “touch” of music to your soul!
Now, some similar digital products advertised as “MP4 player” are simply MP3 players, which do not play video and MPEG format and also lack other particular functions. These products confuse some buyers, as they may think the “MP4” players simply mean they can do more than MP3.
What is MP4?
It is a multimedia container. It is not only used to store digital audio and digital video streams, especially those of MPEG, but can also be used to store other data such as subtitles and pictures. As a most modern container format, it allows streaming over the Internet.
With the help of a piece of MP4 video equipment, you can change various programs such as MPEG to MP4, ASX to MP4, AVI to MP4 and so on, which can be done very quickly and easily without any effect on the sound quality. By installing DVD-MP4 software, you can transfer particular music from a DVD to an MP4 video file. It really excites your listening music experience.
Then, there is MP4 advanced and you can set your own collection of all the programs—TV shows, games, and music. You can even see movies which are still running in cinema. What else digital product could you possibly ask for?
It is suggested here that you should ______ before buying an MP4 player.
A. first be a music fan B. have a knowledge of MP4
C. get familiar with MP3 D. buy a CD-like disc
From the passage, we can see that MP4 is ______ MP3.
A. much bigger than B. just as advanced as
C. not so particular as D. more functional than
Which function of MP4 is NOT directly mentioned in this passage?
A.Storing digital audio and video streams.
B.Recording some movies in cinema.
C.Playing TV shows, games and movies.
D.Transferring particular music from a DVD.
From the last sentence, it’s clear that the writer tries to tell us it is ______.
A.reasonable to buy other digital products
B.impossible to buy something else
C.a very wise choice to buy an MP4
D.an exciting experience to buy an MP3
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)
A
Now, it’s time for some brief news items.
1 China wins women's 3,000m short track relay, S. Korea disqualified
VANCOUVER, Feb. 24 (Xinhua) -- Twice Olympic champion Wang Meng led the Chinese short track speed skating team to the top podium of women's 3,000m relay with a world record at the Vancouver Winter Games here on Wednesday, as South Korea was later disqualified. Canada took the silver, with the United States picking up the bronze. South Korea's skaters had already started waving flags in joy after crossing the line but later the juges decided Kim Min-jung had impeded(阻碍) during an exchange push.
2 Severe drought cracks Airport's runway
China Daily(2010-03-18)-- Severe drought continues to plague southwestern China's Yunnan Province.
In the provincial capital Kunming, the surface of Wu Jiaba International Airport's only runway has been fractured(断裂的). Repairs have been going on since Tuesday. The airport is closed every day from midnight to seven-thirty in the morning. Airport authorities say the severe drought is the cause of the damage. The airport also needs to repair its plane taxiing and parking area. Chen Zhiwei, Security Dept., Kunming International Airport, said, "The drought has greatly lowered the underground water level. And this has affected the runway foundations. The damage to its surface is severe."
3 School Soldiers
Russian school students will have to do basic military training in their final year of school,
the government has decided. The lesson will include learning to fire guns, marching drills
and how to deal with a chemical, nuclear or biological attack. The activity is seen as part of
a drive toward the education of their love for their country.
4____________
Is it hard for you to get up early and get ready for classes? Some students at Winter Park High School just roll out of bed in their pajamas(睡衣)and go to class in their own bedrooms, Of course, their teachers and classmates do not see them because all their class work is on the computer. The Florida High School, the state’s only online program take classes in algebra, American government, chemistry, computer, economics, and web-page design. They also have to go to regular school to attend other classes.
1. Which country ranks fourth in the women's 3,000m short track relay according to the first news?
A. S. Korea. B. Canada. C. The USA. D. Not known.
2.Which of the following is correct according to the second news?
A. The airport has been closed since Tuesday.
B. Drought caused the trouble for repairs.
C. The underground water level became lower, and that’s why the Airport's runway cracked.
D. Wu Jiaba International Airport had another runway, and flights were not really stopped during the day.
3.Why will Russian school students have basic military training?
A. To get ready for a military parade. B. To learn to protect themselves.
C. To gain some military knowledge. D. To develop their love for the country.
4.The news from Florida can be given a title “________”.3
A. Get up Late B. Online School
C. The special pajamas D. The popular subjects
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从36-55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Recently, I stopped by a convenience store to get a newspaper and a bottle of drink. The young woman at the check-out counter (柜台) said, “That’ll be five dollars __36__, please.” She then __37__ down at the paper I was __38__ and said, “I’m sick and __39__ all this negative(消极的) stuff on the front __40__. I want to read some __41__ news for a change.” She then said, “In fact, I think someone should just __42__ a Good News newspaper—a paper with wonderful, inspirational(鼓舞人心的) __43__ about people overcoming difficulty and doing good things for __44__. I’d buy one every day!” She then __45__ me for coming in and said, “Maybe we’ll get some good news,” and she laughed. She made my day.
The following day after my business appointments, I __46__ the same store again to __47__ bottled water and a piece of newspaper, but a __48__ young lady was behind the counter. As I checked out, I said, “Good afternoon,” and handed her my __49__. She said nothing — not a word, not a smile or not a gesture. She just handed me my change and __50__ a negative tone (语气) ordered, “Next!”
It hit me right between the eyes: Two people, the same age; __51__ made me feel great, and the other, well, made me feel that I had inconvenienced(给…带来不便) her by __52__.
Every morning, you should ask __53__ this important question: “Who do I want to be today? ‘The Grouch(不高兴的人)’ or ‘The Good News Girl’”? Your answer will do great good to __54__ the joy and happiness that you will experience in your __55__.
36. A. at all B. in all C. after all D. all for
37. A. stared B. smelled C. looked D. noticed
38. A. burying B. picking C. finding D. buying
39. A. tired of B. interested in C. concerned about D. fond of
40. A. column B. edition C. page D. part
41. A. bad B. good C. latest D. ugly
42. A. collect B. print C. sell D. publish
43. A. stories B. ideas C. positions D. customers
44. A. rewards B. the others C. others D. money
45. A. praised B. thanked C. observed D. punished
46. A. stood by B. took in C. put out D. stopped by
47. A. pick up B. take up C. bring up D. go up
48. A. beautiful B. active C. different D. stupid
49. A. card B. money C. dollar D. change
50. A. on B. for C. through D. in
51. A. one B. who C. what D. it
52. A. taking off B. going away C. showing up D.coming about
53. A. her B. them C. yourself D. themselves
54. A. warning B. determining C. enjoying D. damaging
55. A. home B. work C. study D. life
完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
He fell in love with her at the first sight at a party. She was so outstanding while he was so 36 . At the end of the party, he invited her to have 37 with him. She was very 38 , but she promised.
Sitting in a nice coffee shop, he was too 39 to say anything. Suddenly he
said to the waiter,“Would you please give me some 40 ?” Everybody stared at him, so strange!His face turned red, but still, he 41 the salt in his coffee and drank it.
She asked him 42 ,“Why do you have this 43 ?”
He replied,“When I was a little boy, I was living near the 44 . Now every time I have the salty coffee, I always think of my childhood and my 45 .”
While saying that tears 46 his eyes. She was deeply 47 . That was a really nice talk, also a beautiful beginning of their story. Later they got 48 … And, every time she made coffee for him, she put some salt in the coffee, as she knew that’s the way he liked it.
After 40 years, he passed away, leaving her a letter which 49 :
My dearest, please forgive my lie, the only 50 I said to you --the salty coffee. The first time we 51 I was so nervous that actually I wanted some sugar. I 52 to tell you the truth many times, but I was too afraid to do that, as I have 53 not to lie to you forever… Having you is my biggest happiness even though I have to drink the salty coffee.
Her tears 54 the letter totally wet. Someday, someone asked her,“What’s the taste of salty coffee?”She replied,“It’s 55 .”
1.A. handsome B. pretty C. humorous D. ordinary
2.A. dinner B. coffee C. tea D. meal
3.A. surprised B. disappointed C. shocked D. ashamed
4.A. anxious B. eager C. nervous D. serious
5.A. sugar B. paper C. salt D. spoon
6.A. put B. took C. mixed D. dipped
7.A. curiously B. carefully C. seriously D. elegantly
8.A. interest B. practice C. hobby D. act
9.A. city B. village C. sea D. road
10.A. mother B. family C. hometown D. friend
11.A. formed B. filled C. collected D. appeared
12.A. touched B. moved C. inspired D. encouraged
13.A. divorced B. married C. drunk D. hurt
14.A. wrote B. spoke C. told D. said
15.A. request B. will C. fact D. lie
16.A. danced B. dated C. gathered D. talked
17.A. managed B. offered C. tried D. failed
18.A. promised B. asked C. ordered D. persuaded
19.A. watered B. beat C. covered D. made
20.A. romantic B. salty C. sweet D. cosy
1.D【解析】β-珠蛋白DNA探针、RNA聚合酶结合位点、大肠杆菌质粒的化学本质都是DNA;胰岛素是蛋白质;HIV的遗传物质是RNA;生长素是吲哚乙酸;2,4-D是一种生长素类似物。
2.D【解析】作物“烧心”是由于缺乏如铁、钙等在细胞中以稳定化合物形式存在的矿质元素,有别于因缺水而造成的“烧苗”。
3.B【解析】疫苗的作用是在机体不患病的情况下发生免疫反应,产生的抗体与抗原结合,发挥免疫效应;流感病毒的遗传物质是单链的RNA,其结构稳定性不如天花病毒的双链DNA,容易发生变异,所以流感疫苗的研究的难度较天花疫苗研究的难度大很多;正是由于流感病毒极易发生变异,所以某种特定的单克隆抗体不一定对其它的抗原起作用。
4.C【解析】生态系统的成分除生产者、消费者和分解者外,还包括了非生物的物质和能量;生物圈的自给自足表现在物质上,能量来源于太阳能;草原上的牛和羊同属于第二营养级,共获得生产者固定太阳能的10%~20%。
5.B【解析】考查分泌蛋白的形成和分泌过程这一知识点和图形分析能力。蛋白质分泌以细胞膜的外排方式实现,所经过的膜结构顺序为:内质网→高尔基体→细胞膜,所以结果是:内质网面积减小,高尔基体膜面积不变,细胞膜面积增加。
6.B 【解析】有机分子的特点一般满足C四键、H一键、N三键原则,三聚氰胺分子中含有3个-NH2,则其余3个C、3个N形成一个六元环,故三聚氰胺的结构简式为。
。根据三聚氰胺的结构简式,该物质不是高聚物,也不是氨基酸,但分子中含有不饱和键,在一定条件下能发生加成反应。六元环不变且除自身外的三聚氰胺的异构体有3种。
7.B 【解析】选项A,Na2O2中含有的阳离子为Na+,阴离子为O22?,0.1mol Na218O2中含有的阴阳离子总数为0.3NA。选项B,C2H4、C3H6的化学式均为CH2,
8.A 【解析】选项A,ClO-具有氧化性,SO2具有还原性,SO2被氧化为SO42?,ClO-被还原为Cl?,正确。选项B,加入少许H+时,CO32?优先与H+结合生成HCO3?。选项C,离子方程式两边电荷不守恒。选项D,Mg2+能与电解产生的OH?结合生成难溶性Mg(OH)2沉淀:Mg2+ + 2Cl? + 2H2O=Mg(OH)2↓+ H2↑+ Cl2↑。
9. B 【解析】加入稀H2SO4出现白色混浊说明一定存在Ba2+,因SO32?、CO32?能与Ba2+结合生成难溶物BaSO3、BaCO3,所以原溶液中不存在SO32?、CO32?。由于溶液呈电中性,剩下的一种HCO3?,一定存在。无法判断是否含有K+,所以原溶液中一定含有Ba2+、HCO3?,可能含有K+。溶质可能是Ba(HCO3)2或Ba(HCO3)2和KHCO3。
10.D 【解析】根据题设条件可推知A为NH4+,B为OH?,C为NH3,D为H2O。NH3能与H2O反应生成NH3?H2O。NH4+为离子,不是分子,所以NH4+不是非极性分子。选项D,固态H2O分子间存在氢键,其熔沸点高于固态H2S,与H-O和H-S键强弱无关。NH4Cl ,NH4+水解溶液的pH<7。
11.C【解析】分析反应①②中各元素的价态变化可知,反应①中,SO2为还原剂,Fe3+为氧化剂,且还原性:SO2>Fe2+,氧化性:Fe3+>SO42?。反应②中,Fe2+为还原剂,Cr2O72?为氧化剂,且还原性:Fe2+>Cr3+ ,氧化性:Cr2O72? > Fe3+。由此可见选项A、B错误。选项C,由于Cr2O72?具有氧化性,Na2SO3具有还原性,故Cr2O72? 能将Na2SO3氧化成Na2SO4。选项D,反应①中Fe2(SO4)3为氧化剂,反应②中Fe2(SO4)3为氧化产物。
12.C【解析】选项A,NaHS、Na2S溶液又因为有HS?、S2?的水解,使其溶液呈碱性,但S2?的水解能力大于HS?,故溶液的pH值:③>②。H2S溶液呈酸性,H2S和NaHS混合液中,由于HS?抑制的H2S的电离,故溶液的pH:④>①,4种溶液pH大小顺序为:③>②>④>①。选项B,由于HS?抑制H2S的电离,所以H2S溶液中的c(H2S)小于H2S和Na2S混合液中的c(H2S)。选项C,c(Na+)=0.1mol?L-1,根据物料守恒有:c(H2S)
+ c(HS?) + c(S2?)=0.2mol?L-1,故
13.B 【解析】设达平衡时生成SO3(g)物质的量为2x ,则剩余SO2(g)的物质的量为(3-2x),O2(g)(2-x),混合气体总的物质的量为(5-x),根据阿伏伽德罗定律有5/(5-x)=1/0.9,解得x=0.5mol,再结合热化学方程式可知,放出的热量为196.6kJ/2=98.3kJ。选项B,起始物质的量改为 4mol SO2 、 3 mol O2 、2SO3 (g) 相当于加入6mol SO2、4mol O2,n(SO2)/n(O2)=3/2,故与第一次平衡是等效平衡,两次平衡中SO2的转化率、SO3的体积分数相等,故选项B正确,C错误。选项D,题目没有告诉达平衡时的时间,无法计算反应速率。
14.AD【解析】由状态方程
知温度升高而压强增大体积必增大,故状态I时气体的密度比状态II时气体的密度大,A正确,平衡态II的温度比状态I高,故状态I时分子的平均动能比状态II时分子的平均动能小,B错误,由热力学第一定律
知从状态I到状态II过程中温度升高内能变大,体积增大对外界做功,气体要从外界吸热,故C错,D正确,故选AD。
15.答案:BD【解析】:在同一介质中红光传播速度最大,从AB面射入到BC面射出,红光用的时间最短,故选项A错.由于玻璃对红光折射率最小,对紫光的折射率最大,即紫光的偏折本领最大,所以彩色光带右边缘的色光为红光,左边缘的色光为紫光,且紫光的频率比红光的要高,当红光能让某金属板发生光电效应,紫光也一定能够,故选项B正确.在同样条件下做双缝干涉实验,波长越长,相邻干涉条纹间距越大,而彩色光带左边缘的色光是紫光,其波长最短,故选项C错.对玻璃而言,在七色光中,红光的临界角最大,当∠MNB逐渐变小时,射到AC面上的光的入射角变小,且红光入射角小得更多,故红光最先从从AC面透出,所以选项D正确.
16、答案 D 【解析】 烧断细线后,无论是弹簧将A+B和C弹开过程,还是A和B分离后,系统始终动量守恒、机械能守恒;弹簧将A+B和C弹开过程,A+B和C动量大小相等,动能跟质量成反比,因此A+B的总动能是E/3,其中A的动能是E/6;当时C的动能是2E/3;前3个选项都错,可判定D正确。证明:A和B分离时,B+C的总动能是5E/6,B、C共速时弹性势能最大,当时A和B+C动量大小相等,动能跟质量成反比,因此B+C的动能是E/12,该过程B+C的动能损失就是此时的弹性势能,因此Ep=5E/6- E/12=3E/4。
17.答案:ACD【解析】:根据波的传播方向,可以判断b质点此时刻振动方向沿y轴负方向,离开平衡位置,速度正在变小,A对;由图象可知该波的波长是
得
,由波干涉条件知C正确;经过0.01s即半个周期,任何质点通过的路程都是2个振幅,即
18.C【解析】从图(甲)到图(乙)的过程中,根据动能定理有:
,所以
;从抛出后到落地,根据动能定理得:
,代入上式可得:
。
19.答案: BC 【解析】此模型为类双星模型,两电荷做圆周运动的角速度相等;两个电荷之间的库仑力充当各自做圆周运动的向心力,所以向心力大小相等,A错,B对.由
知,线速度大小与质量成反比,运动半径与质量成反比,C对,D错.
20.答案:ABD 【解析】天然放射性元素的半衰期与温度改变无关。根据质能方程计算可知D答案正确。
21.答案:.D 【解析】地球同步卫星是指与地球自转同步的人造卫星,它的周期是24小时,它的轨道平面只能在赤道,
得
轨道也是固定的,但并不是说同一赤道平面内的、或是周期与地球自转周期相等的就都是同步卫星,故A、C是错的、D是正确的;同步卫星做圆周运动时,内部的仪器是处于失重状态而不是超重状态,B错
22.答案.(1)(g+a)× (OM-ON)=(g-a)× OP (4分)
【解析】利用纸带分析得m1带动m2的加速度为a ,又由牛顿第二定律得a=
解得
⑴3000;(2分)
⑵丙(1分);乙图中电流表的示数太小,误差太大。丙图中R的阻值与电压表阻值接近,误差小。(3分)。
⑶实物图连接如右图所示:(4分)
⑷实验步骤:
①闭合K1.再闭合K2,读得电压表示数U1;再断开K2,读得电压表示数U2.(2分) ②RV=
。(2分)
23.【解析】:(1)负电……(2分)∵mg =
E×
……(5分)
∴E=4(r+R)dmg/Rq…………(2分)
(2)mg+q v0B=
……………(5分) ∴v0=mg/qB…………(2分)
24.【解析】:(1)ab通过最大电流时,受力分析如图甲,此时静摩擦力最大,
,方向沿斜面向下,由平衡条件得:
水平:
(3分)
竖直:
(3分)
以上两式联立得出
(3分)
(2)通以最小电流时,ab受力分析如图乙,此时ab受静摩擦力,方向沿斜面向上,与(1)类似,由平衡条件得:
(3分)
(3)当ab中电流最小时,变阻器阻值为:
(3分)
当ab中电流最强时,变阻器阻值为:
,(2分 )
为保持ab静止,R的调节范围为0.91~10
.(1分)
25.【解析】:(1)设A物块碰撞B物块前后的速度分别为v1和v2,碰撞过程中动量守恒,
代入数据得:
(4分)
(2)设A、B两物块碰撞前后两物块组成的系统的机械能分别为E1和E2,机械能的损失为
,根据能的转化和守恒定律: 
% (4分)
(3)设物块A的初速度为v0,轮胎与冰面的动摩擦因数为µ,A物块与B物块碰撞前,根据动能定理:
(3分)
碰后两物块共同滑动过程中根据动能定理:
(3分)
由
、
及(1)、(2)得:
(2分)
设在冰面上A物块距离B物块为L′时,A物块与B物块不相撞,
则:
(4分)
26.(15分)(1)(1)KNO3 (2分)CuSO4(2分)
(2) Na2CO3 (2分)
(3)Al3+ + 3OH?=Al(OH)3↓(3分) Al(OH)3 + OH?=AlO2? + 2H2O (3分)
(4) Al3+ + 3H2O
Al(OH)3(胶体)+ 3H+ (3分)
【解析】根据实验①可知,D中含有Cu2+;根据实验②可知C中含有Al3+,E可能是KOH或NaOH,再根据③,只有B、C中含有K+,故E为NaOH。根据实验③A中含有HCO3?,故A为NaHCO3,C、D中含有SO42?,故D为CuSO4,C为KAl(SO4)2。
最后可判定B为KNO3。等物质的量的NaHCO3与NaOH反应生成Na2CO3和H2O。 NaOH溶液加入到KAl(SO4)2溶液中,首先是Al3+与OH?反应生成Al(OH)3,Al(OH)3沉淀又溶解在过量的NaOH溶液中:Al3+ + 3OH?=Al(OH)3↓,Al(OH)3 + OH?=AlO2? + 2H2O。KAl(SO4)2中的Al3+水解生成具有吸附作用的Al(OH)3胶体而净水。
27.(14分)(1)Na2CO3 +HCl=NaHCO3 + NaCl (3分)
(2)Cl2 + 2OH?=Cl? + ClO? + H2O (3分)
(3)①Na2O或Na2O2 (4分,每空各2分)②Na或NaOH (4分,每空各2分)
【解析】(1)根据题设条件可知,B为盐酸,C为CO2,D为H2O,E为NaCl。
(2)根据题设条件可知B为浓盐酸,C为Cl2。
(3)若C为O2,D、E的焰色反应均为黄色,D、E中含有Na+,含有Na+的能产生O2的固体为Na2O2,E能与盐酸反应生成的气体能使澄清石灰水变混浊,该气体为CO2,B、E可相互转化,故可推知B溶液为NaHCO3溶液,E为Na2CO3溶液,D为NaOH溶液。Na2O2与NaHCO3溶液反应可分解为:2Na2O2 + 2H2O=4NaOH + O2↑,NaHCO3 + NaOH=Na2CO3 + H2O。amol NaHCO3→a mol Na2CO3,只要增加a mol Na+,同时用OH? 将HCO3?转化为CO32? ,所加物质所产生的Na+和OH?的物质的量相等,才能不产生杂质,故X为Na2O或Na2O2,Y为Na或NaOH。
28.(16分)(1)B(2分) 铜与HNO3反应前,应排净装置内的空气,防止NO与O2发生反应 (2分)
(2)将C中的溶液加适量水稀释(2分)
(3)③④⑤⑨ (3分)
(4)第二,打开a,通足量N2,排净装置中的空气(2分)
(5)向下移动乙管,使甲、乙两管液面在同一水平面上(2分)
(6)(V-11.2n)/33.6n (3分)
【解析】根据实验目的,要求得m值,需测定出Cu与HNO3反应生成的NO2和NO的物质的量,为此需将产生的气体首先通入装置C中,H2O吸收NO2生成NO和HNO3,用装置E测定出NO的体积,如果装置中有空气,空气中的O2会将NO氧化成NO2导致实验误差,装置B通入N2能将装置中空气赶走,防止NO被氧化,为此需要的装置为B、C、E,装置接口连接顺序为③④⑤⑨。由于浓HNO3具有强氧化性,能将指示剂氧化而影响实验,可加水稀释降低其氧化性,而溶质HNO3的量不变,便于观察指示剂颜色变化。用装置E测定NO的体积时,如甲的液面高于乙的液面,测出的NO体积偏小,如甲的液面低于乙的液面,测出的NO体积偏大,故应向下移动乙管,使甲、乙两管液面在同一水平面上,从而减少误差。根据反应:3NO2 + 2H2O=2HNO3 + NO,混合气体中含有NO21.5nmol,NO总的物质的量为V/22.4mol,其中属于Cu与HNO3反应生成的NO为(V/22.4-n/2)mol,故M=(V/22.4-n/2):1.5n=(V-11.2n)/33.6n。
29.(15分)(1)取代(或水解)、中和反应 (2分) (2)HCOOCH3 (2分) HOCH2CHO (2分)
(3)
(2分)
(4)
+ 3NaOH
+ CH3COONa +
2H2O (3分)
(5)
(2分)
(2分)
【解析】A的分子式为C9H8O4,A能与醇发生酯化反应,说明A中含有-COOH,且A在NaOH溶液中发生水解生成CH3COONa,说明A中酯的官能团,该官能团与-COOH处于苯环上的邻位,再结合A的分子式推知A的结构简式为
,B为
,由于H2CO3的酸性大于酚而小于羧酸,故在
溶液中通入CO2时,只有酚的钠盐反应生成D(
)和NaHCO3。CH3COONa与H+反应生成E(CH3COOH)。CH3COOH的同分异构体中R中含有-CHO和-OH:HOCH2CHO,Q中含有-CHO而没有-OH:HCOOCH3。对照
和
结构可知,首先用
与酚羟基反应,然后再用酸性KMnO4氧化-CH3为-COOH即可得到A。
30.【解析】(1)新陈代谢是生物最本质的特征。(2)人体内水的来源包括:饮水、食物中的水、代谢产生的水,人体代谢产生水的途径有:核糖体上的氨基酸脱水缩合、线粒体中的有氧呼吸等。(3)异化作用类型包括需氧型、厌氧型和兼性厌氧型,根据材料提供信息,气性坏疽的异化作用类型为厌氧型。(4)本题考查的是细胞的选择透过性,细胞的功能特性决定于细胞膜上的载体的种类和数量
【答案】(12分,每空各2分)(1)新陈代谢现象 (2) 代谢产生水
氨基酸脱水缩合(或有氧呼吸) (3) 厌氧型
(4)选择透过性 载体蛋白
【解析】由反应式:CO2+C5→C3和 
C5+CH2O可知:一定范围内的CO2增加可以使细胞中C3增加;一定范围内的光照增强会导致细胞内C5增加。甲图信息显示:只考虑光照的影响,光照强度为由n增加到k时,光合速率几乎不变,而乙图的变化应是光照之外的其他因素引起,比如温度等
【答案】(10分,每空各2分)(1)低、高、约等于 (2)温度
(3)光照强度、CO2浓度、温度
31.(20分)【解析】:(1)该6个品系玉米的基因型分别为:①:AABBCCDDEE ②:aaBBCCDDEE ③:AAbbccDDEE ④:AABBCCddEE ⑤:AABBCCDDee ⑥:aabbccddee
基因分离定律适用于一对等位基因控制的相对性状的遗传,基因自由组合定律适用于2对(及以上)的同源染色体上的2对(及以上)等位基因控制的性状遗传。具有两对相对性状的纯合亲本杂交,F1自交。若F2中出现性状分离比为:双显∶单显1∶单显2∶双隐=9∶3∶3∶1,则控制这两对相对性状的基因位于2对同源染色体上,反之则位于同一染色体上
让F1侧交,若F2中出现性状分离比为:双显∶单显1∶单显2∶双隐=1∶1∶1∶1,则控制这两对相对性状的基因位于2对同源染色体上,反之则位于同一染色体上
【答案】(1)②与①(③或、④、⑤) (1分) 不行 (1分) 品系①和⑤只有一对相对性状 (2分)不行 (1分) 控制花色和种皮颜色的基因位于同一对同源染色体(Ⅰ)上,而控制子叶味道的基因位置未知(2分)
(2)D(1分)
①若绿色非甜子叶∶绿色甜子叶∶黄色非甜子叶∶黄色甜子叶=9∶3∶3∶1,则控制子叶颜色和味道的基因不是位于同一染色体上。(3分)
②若绿色非甜子叶∶绿色甜子叶∶黄色非甜子叶∶黄色甜子叶≠9∶3∶3∶1(答绿色甜子叶:绿色非甜子叶:黄色非甜子叶=1:2:1也可),则控制子叶颜色和味道的基因位于同一染色体上。(3分)
(3)
①若绿色非甜子叶∶绿色甜子叶∶黄色非甜子叶∶黄色甜子叶=1∶1∶1∶1,则控制子叶颜色和味道的基因不是位于同一染色体上。(3分)
②若绿色非甜子叶∶绿色甜子叶∶黄色非甜子叶∶黄色甜子叶≠1∶1∶1∶1(答绿色甜子叶:黄色非甜子叶=1:1也可),则控制子叶颜色和味道的基因位于同一染色体上。(3分)
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