In such a changing society simple ways to solve problems in the past to informational needs become difficult．Many of life's problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or friends are beyond the ability of the extended family to settle．Where to ask for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.

Besides this, people have kept moving since World War Ⅱ．As families move away from their home-towns, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the belief, that information, will be got when needed and will be trustworthy and believable．The almost unfelt flow of information about the simplest fields of living can be cut off．Thus, things once learned through the daily communications of the extended family must be learned with intention.

Adding to social changes today is a huge inflow of information．Any person now can get more information than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information connected with his or her particular problem is difficult, time-consuming and sometimes even too huge.

Together with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which make people able to store and deliver more information with greater speed to more places than it has ever been possible before．Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to find specific information．

Telecommunications developments make the sending of messages via television, radio possible, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with huge numbers of messages．Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence．Expertise can be shared worldwide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can the settled without the participants leaving their homes and or jobs to travel to a distant conference site．Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.

In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance．Those people who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business,, social and family life, will survive and succeed,  "Knowledge is power" may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.

1．The word "it'! （line 3, paragraph 2） most probably refers to______.

      A．the lack of stable communities

      B．the breakdown of informal information channels

      C．the increased mobility of families

      D．the growing number of people moving from place to place

2．The main problem people may encounter today arises from the fact that______.

      A．they have to learn new things consciously

      B．they lack the confidence of securing reliable and trustworthy information

      C．they have difficulty obtaining the needed information readily

      D．they can hardly carry out casual communications with an extended family

3．From the passage we can infer that ______.

      A．electronic mail will soon play a dominant role in transmitting messages

      B．it will become more difficult for people to keep secrets in an information era

      C．people will spend less time holding meetings or conferences

      D．events will be reported on the spot mainly through satellites

4．We can learn from the last paragraph that _______.

      A．it is necessary to obtain as much knowledge as possible

      B．people should make the best use of the information accessible

      C．we should realize the importance of getting more and more information gradually

      D．it is of greatest importance to acquire needed information efficiently

For years we have been told that encouraging a child’s self-respect is important to his or her success in life. But child experts are now learning that too much praise can lead to the opposite effect. Praise-aholic kids who expect it at every turn may become teens who seek the same kind of approval from their friends when asked if they want to go in the backseat of the car.
The implication(含义) of saying “You are the prettiest girl in class,” or talking about the goals she scored but not her overall effort, is that you love her only when she looks the best, scores the highest, achieves the most. And this carries over to the classroom.
Social psychologist Carol Dweck, PHD, tested the effects of over-praise on 400 fifth graders while she was at Columbia University. She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on tests and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being “smart”.
“Praising attributes(品质) or abilities makes a false promise that success will come to you because you have that quality, and it devalues effort, so children are afraid to take on challenges,” says Dweck, now at Stanford University, “They figure they’d better quit while they’re ahead.”
【小题1】The underlined words “Praise-aholic kids” refer to kids who are ______.

A．tired of being praised	B．worthy of being praised
C．very proud of being praised	D．extremely fond of being praised

【小题2】The author quoted Dr.Dweck’s words in the last paragraph in order to make the article ______.

A．better-known	B．better-organized
C．more persuasive	D．more interesting

【小题3】We can infer from the passage that _______.

A．praise for efforts should be more encouraged

B．praise for results works better than praise for efforts

C．praising a child’s achievements benefits his or her success in life

D．praising a child’s abilities encourages him or her to take on challenges

For years we have been told that encouraging a child’s self-respect is important to his or her success in life. But child experts are now learning that too much praise can lead to the opposite effect. Praise-sholic kids  who expect it at every turn may become teens who seek to same kind of approval from friends when asked if they want to go in the backseat of the car.
The implication(含义) of saying “You are the prettiest girl in class,” or talking about the goals she succeed but not her overall effort, is that you love her only when she looks the best, scores she highest, achieves the most. And this carries over to the classroom.
Social psychologist Carrol Dweck, PhD, tested the effects of overpraise on 400 fifth graders while she was at Columbia University. She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on tests and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being “smart”.
“Praising attributes(品质) or abilities makes a false promise that success will come to you because you have that quality, and it devalues effort, so children are afraid to take on challenges, ” says Dweck, now at Stanford University, “They figure they’s better quit while they’re ahead.”
【小题1】The underlined words “Praise-sholic kids” refers to kids who are ______.

A．tired of being praised	B．worthy of being praised
C．very proud of being praised	D．extremely fond of being praised

【小题2】The author quoted(引用) Dr. Dweck’s words in the last paragraph in order to make the article
_____. 

A．better-known

B．better-organized

C．more percussive

D．more interesting

【小题3】We can infer from the passage that _____.

A．praise for efforts should be more encouraged

B．praise for results works better than praise for efforts

C．praising a child’s achievements benefits his or her success in life

D．praising a child’s abilities encourage him or her to take on challenges

For years we have been told that encouraging a child’s self-respect is important to his or her success in life. But child experts are now learning that too much praise can lead to the opposite effect. Praise-aholic kids who expect it at every turn may become teens who seek the same kind of approval from their friends when asked if they want to go in the backseat of the car.

The implication(含义) of saying “You are the prettiest girl in class,” or talking about the goals she scored but not her overall effort, is that you love her only when she looks the best, scores the highest, achieves the most. And this carries over to the classroom.

Social psychologist Carol Dweck, PHD, tested the effects of over-praise on 400 fifth graders while she was at Columbia University. She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on tests and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being “smart”.

“Praising attributes(品质) or abilities makes a false promise that success will come to you because you have that quality, and it devalues effort, so children are afraid to take on challenges,” says Dweck, now at Stanford University, “They figure they’d better quit while they’re ahead.”

1.The underlined words “Praise-aholic kids” refer to kids who are ______.

A．tired of being praised                    B．worthy of being praised

C．very proud of being praised               D．extremely fond of being praised

2.The author quoted Dr.Dweck’s words in the last paragraph in order to make the article ______.

A．better-known                          B．better-organized

C．more persuasive                        D．more interesting

3.We can infer from the passage that _______.

A．praise for efforts should be more encouraged

B．praise for results works better than praise for efforts

C．praising a child’s achievements benefits his or her success in life

D．praising a child’s abilities encourages him or her to take on challenges

 

People believe that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, you’re wrong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms (体育馆). Here, people are learning on special climbing walls. The climbing wall goes straight up and has small holding places for hands and feet.
How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and a harness (保护带) around your chest to hold you. There are ropes (绳索) tied to your harness. The ropes hold you in place so that you don’t fall. A beginner’s wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to. Sometimes it’s easy to see the next piece of metal. Sometimes, it’s not. The most difficult part is to control your fear. It’s normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so it’s difficult not to feel fear. But when you move away from the wall, the harness and the ropes hold you, and you begin to feel safe. You move slowly until you reach the top.
Climbing attracts people because it’s good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger.
【小题1】What can we infer from the passage?

A．People are fairly interested in climbing nowadays.

B．It’s impossible to build up one’s body by climbing.

C．People can only learn the skill of climbing outdoors.

D．It’s always easy to see holding places in climbing.

【小题2】The most difficult thing to do in wall climbing is _________.

A．to tie ropes to your harness	B．to control your fear
C．to move away from the wall	D．to climb straight up

【小题3】The word “workout” underlined in the last paragraph most probably means      .

A．settlement	B．exercise
C．excitement	D．tiredness

【小题4】Why does the author write this passage?

A．To tell people where to find gyms.

B．To prove the basic need for climbing.

C．To encourage people to climb mountains.

D．To introduce the sport of wall climbing.