Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions.』① To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.

　　The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.

　　The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.

　　Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.

8. According to the passage, which of the following is true?

　 A. All international managers can learn culture.

　 B. Business diversity is not necessary.

　 C. Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.

　 Ｄ. Most people do not know foreign culture well.

9. According to the author, the model of Pepsi .

　Ａ. is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around

　Ｂ. is different from the model of McDonald’s

　Ｃ. shows the reverse of globalization

　Ｄ. has converged cultural differences

10. The two schools of thought .

　　Ａ. both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures

　　Ｂ. both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries

　　Ｃ. admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world

　　Ｄ. Both Ａ and Ｂ

11. This article is supposed to be most useful for those .

　　A. who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity

　  B. who have connections to more than one type of culture

　　C. who want to travel abroad

　　D. who want to run business on International Scale

12. According to Fortune, successful international companies .

　  Ａ. earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas

　  Ｂ. all have the quality of patience

　  Ｃ. will follow the overseas local cultures

　　Ｄ. adopt the policy of internationalization

Stephen Hawking, who is the most famous physicist, was born in Britain on January 8^th, 1942. As a child, he was enthusiastic about 1　　 (design) complicated toys but　 　2　 (fortune), in his twenties, he suffered　 3　 a disease that was impossible to be cured,　 4　 was a great challenge for him. However, not only was he positive about the misfortunes　　 5　　 eventually he defeated all the obstacles but also he was 6 (absorb) in his research in the universe. In 1988, his best-seller A Brief History of Time was published, 7 　　which he put forward the idea 8　 time itself has a beginning, and that it will have 9　 end. In conclusion, he has made outstanding 10　 (contribute) to the fields of cosmology and quantum gravity.

　　　

   With a heavy heart Sally arrived early on the morning of the auction(拍卖). It was almost a year since her dear grandmother had passed away in this house at the age of ninety-two. ___1___ the family business had failed and left them with heavy debts. So the bank had __2___ the family to have an auction sale to repay their debts.

___3y debts. So the bank had __33____ the past several weeks, she had managed to save $ 100 in order to bid on the ___4___. Surely this would be enough, she had thought. Now the ___5___ moment had arrived. Looking around, Sally was surprised to see so many people had ___6___, some from far away.

    As the auction began, Sally waited. Finally, the time came to bid on the quilt. She held her___7___ tightly and listened. The first bid was $ 50. She was ___8___. It was so high! Quickly other people bid and soon the bidding ___9___ $ 85.  Sally cried out “$100!” For a moment there was silence. Hope ___10___ her. She glanced again at the quilt, thinking how __11__ her grandmother would have been with her ___12___.

    Just then, from the back, another person shouted “$ 125!” She had lost her ___13___. Suddenly she couldn’t help wondering why so many people ___14___be interested in that old, torn, dirty quilt. The quilt was sold for $ 500 to a complete ___15___.

    After the sale, she went to the count to pay for the few items that were now hers. The woman at the cash desk handed her the quilt. “There must be some ___16___. Someone else got it.” She said. A hand-written ___17___ was pinned to the quilt, which read:

Dear Madam,

I noticed you ___18___ the quilt. Clearly, it was ___19___ to you. Please accept this quilt as my gift. I don’t expect repayment from you, but do a similar favor in the future for a stranger who ___20___ to cross your path.

1.    A　　   Naturally　　   B.　　   Unfortunately    C.　　   Luckily　　   D.　　   Strangely

2.    A　　   forbidden　　   B.　　   waited　　   C.　　   expected　　   D.　　   forced

3.    A　　   With　　   B.　　  At　　   C.　　  By　　   D.　　  Over

4.    A　　   house　　   B.　　   pillow C.　　   furniture　　   D.　　  quilt

5.    A　　   strange　　   B.　　   necessary　　   C.　　  big　　   D.　　   curious

6.    A　　   turned out　　   B.　　   turned up　　   C.　　   turned back　　   D.　　   turned on

7.    A　　   picture　　   B.　　  book　　   C.　　  purse　　   D.　　  quilt

8.    A　　   shocked　　   B.　　   worried　　   C.　　  calm　　   D.　　   excited

9.    A.　　  rose　　   B.　　   reached　　   C.　　   climbed　　   D.　　  won

10.  A.　　  told　　   B.　　   helped　　   C.　　  filled　　   D.　　  gave

11.   A.　　   pleased　　   B.　　   anxious　　   C.　　  angry　　   D.　　   familiar

12.  A.　　  at this moment    B.　　   ever since　　   C.　　  long before　　   D.　　   soon after

13.  A.　　   chance　　   B.　　   method　　   C.　　   thought　　   D.　　   fortune

14.  A.　　  could　　   B.　　  might　　   C.　　  must　　   D.　　   would

15.  A.　　   relative　　   B.　　   customer　　   C.　　  friend　　   D.　　   stranger

16.  A.　　   mistake　　   B.　　  fun　　   C.　　   secret D.　　   reason

17.  A.　　   check B.　　   wallet C.　　   address　　   D.　　  note

18.  A.　　   holding　　   B.　　   touching　　   C.　　   watching　　   D.　　   admiring

19   A.　　   wonderful　　   B.　　   precious　　   C.　　  pretty　　   D.　　   various

20.  A.　　  used　　   B.　　  stops　　   C.　　   comes　　   D.　　   happens