（12分）阅读材料，回答下列问题。
材料一 古者以天下为主，君为客，凡君之所毕世而经营者，为天下也。今也以君为主，天下为客，凡天下之无地而得安宁者，为君也。……然则为天下之大害者，君而已矣。……世儒不察，以工商为末，妄议抑之；夫工固圣王之所欲来，商又使其愿出于途者，盖皆本也。
——黄宗羲《明夷待访录》
材料二 孟德斯鸠在《论法的精神》中明确提出“三权分立”理论：在一个自由的国家里，立法权应该由人民集体享有，人民必须通过自己选出的代表组成立法机关制定法律或监督它所制定的法律的执行。贵族应组成团体和平民团体同时享有立法权，二者有各自的议会。但是贵族的团体是世袭的，在立法上只有反对权，不应有创制权。立法、司法和行政这三种权力既要分立，又要互相制约。行政权应掌握在国王手中，因为政府各部门时时需要采取急速的行动，一个人管理比由几个人管理要好。行政机关有权制止立法机关的越权行为，否则立法机关就要变成专制。行政也应通过它的“反对权”来参与立法。司法权应由选自人民阶层中的人员组成法院，依照法律规定的方式来行使，它不为某一特定阶级或某一特定职业所专有。
（1）根据材料一并结合知识，概括出明清之际进步思想的历史地位和依据。（4分）
（2）根据材料并结合所学知识，慨括指出两位思想家的共同思想主张及法国启蒙思想的侧重点。（4分）
（3）指出以盂德斯鸠为代表的法国启蒙思想在促进社会变革方面的作用。（4分）

   Martin, Jack, Liz, Henry, Jane都有各自的事情，并且他们都拥有自己的电脑。请根据下文所提供的个人需求介绍，从A、B、C、D、E中选出他们各自需要的电脑功能。每个选项只能用一次。

A. check the times of trains on the Internet    B. send an email C. search http://chinesefood.about.com       D. shop on the Internet E. book (预定) a hotel on the Internet

66. Martin want to say sorry to his friend, but he doesn't want to telephone him.

67.Jack is going to London by train. He wants to know which train to take.

68. Liz wants to buy some books for her daughter, but she doesn't have time to go to the bookstore.

69. Henry will travel to Shanghai alone. He wants to stay in a good hotel.

70. Jane is An American. She likes Chinese food. She wants to know about it.

    Martin, Jack, Liz, Henry, Jane都有各自的事情，并且他们都拥有自己的电脑。请根据下文所提供的个人需求介绍，从A、B、C、D、E中选出他们各自需要的电脑功能。每个选项只能用一次。

A. check the times of trains on the Internet    B. send an email C. search http://chinesefood.about.com       D. shop on the Internet E. book (预定) a hotel on the Internet

66. Martin want to say sorry to his friend, but he doesn't want to telephone him.

67.Jack is going to London by train. He wants to know which train to take.

68. Liz wants to buy some books for her daughter, but she doesn't have time to go to the bookstore.

69. Henry will travel to Shanghai alone. He wants to stay in a good hotel.

70. Jane is An American. She likes Chinese food. She wants to know about it.

亲爱的同学，初中生活很快就要结束了。回顾三年的生活，你一定有很多收获吧。假如你叫李明，你的美国笔友Mike对中国学生的生活非常感兴趣。请你根据以下提示，写一封信谈一谈你自己在初中三年里的美好回忆与收获。

1.学校生活（喜欢的老师，喜欢的学科，取得的进步等）

2.课外生活（兴趣，爱好，交友等）

3.……

注意：1.字数80—100；2.请结合实际增加细节，适当发挥；3.不能出现真实的校名、姓名或透露与个人身份相关的其他信息；4.信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

Dear Mike，

Thanks for your last letter.I'm very happy to tell you something about my middle school life.

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What  about you？Can you write to tell me  something about your school life?                                                                                                                         

Best wishes!

Yours,

Li Ming