>【题文】[二] （20分）
退步与向前
王也
（1）唐朝布袋和尚《插秧诗》曰：“手把青秧插满田，低头便见水中天。心地清净方为道，退步原来是向前。”布袋和尚是从现实劳动中退步插秧的情境来阐述参禅的境界。
（2）社会在进步，人类在进步，每个人的成长也是在进步，当人们为了达到一个目标时，非千方百计克服困难不可。如果是非达到不可的，能停下来甚至退下来想想，就可以另辟蹊径寻找更加适合自己的道路，何必非去挤独木桥不可？这就是人们常说的“退一步海阔天空”。如自唐朝始的科举，多少学子为此而孜孜不倦、刻苦学习熬成白头？因此出现了范进中举而精神失常的情况，更多的是像孔乙己一样的心不如愿，贫困潦倒。但是，也有不少学子知难而退，却取得非凡成就。
（3）作家刘诚龙做过一次有趣的调查，他把两份名单给人看，问是否熟悉这些人名。第一份名单是：傅以渐、王式丹、毕沅、林召堂、王云锦、刘子壮、陈沅、刘福姚、刘春霖。第二份名单是：李渔、顾炎武、金圣叹、黄宗羲、吴敬梓、蒲松龄、洪秀全、袁世凯。结果，被调查者多数对第一份名单中的人一无所知，而对第二份名单耳熟能详。谜底最后揭晓：第一份名单里的人，全是清朝的科举状元；第二份里的人，全是当时的落第举子！
（4）想当年，第一份名单上的人多么显赫啊！但由于在官场上的打磨，以致状元郎归于平庸，湮没无闻。而第二份名单中的人，名落孙山，与高官厚禄无缘。但是，他们很快调整心态，在逆境中奋起，有的成为思想家，有的成为文学家，有的成为农民领袖，有的成为一代枭雄，声名鹊起，载入史册。
（5）不少生活实践告诉我们，农人插秧，一步步倒退，退到最后，秧便插好了，看起来是退步，实则是向前。船舶前行，双桨却往后划动；箭拉得越往后，射出的距离就越远……
（6）不少青年人有着远大的理想，更有不少到处碰壁还执迷不悟。我们要鼓励勇往直前，也要劝告毫无进展的人及时认清方向转型，善于退步，才能找到更加适合自己的发展道路。电视剧《潜伏》中有一句台词：“有一种胜利叫做撤退。”退，有时是为了更好地进。
【小题1】．本文的中心论点是什么？（4分）
                                                               。
【小题2】．第三段所举事例具有怎样的作用？（4分）
                                                                                          
【小题3】．仿照第五段划线句，再列举一个事例。（4分）
                                                                                           
【小题4】．你是如何理解第六段“退，有时是为了更好地进”这句话的？（4分）
                                                                                           
【小题5】．请简述本文的论述过程。（4分）
                                                                  

The earth is our home and we must take good care of it. That is to say we must   1   the land, air and water clean. But man    2  a lot of pollution on earth since he first made fire, washed his clothes in the river and threw rubbish on the ground. Many years ago, pollution was not so serious   3    there were not so many people.

There were enough    4   air, land and water. When the land or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to    5   place. Man is    6   the whole world now. So there is   7    enough clean air, nor clean land, nor clean water now. The more people there are in one place,    8    environment they maybe have.

Perhaps you are afraid     9   is endless(无休止的) for people to produce pollution.

    10  , we are glad to tell you that people have come to know the danger of pollution. And you can find more and more people are working hard to protect our earth.

1.                A．have           B．take           C．watch    D．keep

 

2.                A．produced       B．has produced    C．is producing   D．will produce

 

3.                A．so             B．if              C．because  D．but

 

4.                A．clean          B．old            C．dirty D．new

 

5.                A．other          B．the other       C．another  D．others

 

6.                A．pollute         B．polluting        C．clearing  D．clear

 

7.                A．neither         B．both           C．either    D．none

 

8.                A．the worst       B．the worse       C．the bad   D．worse

 

9.                A．that           B．this            C．what     D．it

 

10.               A．Quickly         B．Especially       C．Luckily    D．Anyway

 

 

完形填空  先通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后在每小题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（本大题共10分，每小题1分）

    One day a father of a very rich family took his son on a trip to the country with in order to show his son how poor people   16   be. They spent a couple of days and nights on the farm of    17    would be considered a very poor family.

On their return from their trip, the father asked his son, "How was the trip?" "It was great, Dad. We have a pool that reaches to the middle of our garden and they have a creek（小溪）that has no    18  . We have imported lanterns in our garden and they have the   19   at night. Our patio（院子）reaches to the front yard and they have the   20   horizon（地平线）. We have a small piece of land to live on and they have fields that go   21   our sight. We buy our food, but they grow   22  ."

With this the boy's father was speechless (无语的) .

Then his son added , "Thank dad for showing me how    23   we are."

Too many times we forget what we have and concentrate on（集中注意力）what we don't have. What is one person's worthless object is another's prize possession (财富). It is all  24    

on one's opinion. Make you wonder what would happen if we all gave thanks for all the bounty（恩赐）we have,   25   worrying about wanting more . Take joy in all you have.

1.  A. must         B. can          C. should           D. need

2.A. how            B. which            C. what         D. that

3.A. beginning      B. way          C. end          D. water

4.  A. dark         B. darkness     C. stars            D. day

5.  A. beautiful        B. full         C. longer           D. whole

6.A. beyond     B.in                C. out          D. straight

7.A. ours           B. them         C. theirs           D. themselves

8.  A. poor         B. rich         C. lucky            D. happy

9.  A. basing           B. to base          C. bases            D. based

10. A. instead      B. instead of       C. more than        D. less than

 

 

For a long time being happy was considered natural，and there was nothing special to do about it. Now we know that we can work at getting along well with other people. It is possible to act in such a way that other people will like us better.

One way is being unselfish，not wanting everything your own way or asking for the best share of everything, including the attention of your friends. Another way is to look for good points, not bad ones in other people.

You don’t have to be spineless(无骨气的)in order to be popular. In fact，you will be liked and respected(尊重)if you are not afraid to stand up for your rights(权利). But do it politely and pleasantly. One way to develop a good character is being friendly and polite to your own group,  to older people，to strangers and especially to those who do not look important or do not interest you.

You cannot expect to be perfect,  so you must learn not to be too unhappy when you make a mistake. Everyone makes mistakes, and no one is to be blamed unless he refuses to learn from them. Many young people become discouraged(泄气的) when they know their unpleasant qualities—selfishness，laziness，etc. Just remember that we all have some of these faults and have to fight against them.

When sometMng is wrong，it is best to try to make it right. Perhaps you don’t like a teacher or a classmate. Try to see why，and look at yourself，too. Make sure that you are not doing something to make others dislike you. In time, things may turn out all right, then you simply have to learn to get along the best you can with the situation, without thinking too much about it. Worrying never helps in a situation you can’t change.

1.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined part?

A.Not sharing anything with others.

B.Not thinking too much of yourself.

C.Not attracting the attention of your friends.

D.Not making friends with people who have bad points.

2.How can we get along well with others according to the passage?

A.We should find out unpleasant qualities in others and in ourselves.

B.We should show others our unpleasant qualities.

C.We should stand up for our rights in any way we like.

D.We should fight against our unpleasant qualities.

3.What can we know from the passage?

A.Even if we don’t have good relationships with others，we needn’t work at it.

B.Even if someone is not important to us，we still need to treat him politely.

C.Even if we are willing to learn from ouy mistakes，we are still to be blamed.

D.Even if the situation cannot be changed, we still need to worry much about it.

 

For a long time being happy was considered natural，and there was nothing special to do about it. Now we know that we can work at getting along well with other people. It is possible to act in such a way that other people will like us better.
One way is being unselfish，not wanting everything your own way or asking for the best share of everything, including the attention of your friends. Another way is to look for good points, not bad ones in other people.
You don’t have to be spineless(无骨气的)in order to be popular. In fact，you will be liked and respected(尊重)if you are not afraid to stand up for your rights(权利). But do it politely and pleasantly. One way to develop a good character is being friendly and polite to your own group,  to older people，to strangers and especially to those who do not look important or do not interest you.
You cannot expect to be perfect,  so you must learn not to be too unhappy when you make a mistake. Everyone makes mistakes, and no one is to be blamed unless he refuses to learn from them. Many young people become discouraged(泄气的) when they know their unpleasant qualities—selfishness，laziness，etc. Just remember that we all have some of these faults and have to fight against them.
When sometMng is wrong，it is best to try to make it right. Perhaps you don’t like a teacher or a classmate. Try to see why，and look at yourself，too. Make sure that you are not doing something to make others dislike you. In time, things may turn out all right, then you simply have to learn to get along the best you can with the situation, without thinking too much about it. Worrying never helps in a situation you can’t change.
【小题1】Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined part?

A．Not sharing anything with others.

B．Not thinking too much of yourself.

C．Not attracting the attention of your friends.

D．Not making friends with people who have bad points.

【小题2】How can we get along well with others according to the passage?

A．We should find out unpleasant qualities in others and in ourselves.

B．We should show others our unpleasant qualities.

C．We should stand up for our rights in any way we like.

D．We should fight against our unpleasant qualities.

【小题3】What can we know from the passage?

A．Even if we don’t have good relationships with others，we needn’t work at it.

B．Even if someone is not important to us，we still need to treat him politely.

C．Even if we are willing to learn from ouy mistakes，we are still to be blamed.

D．Even if the situation cannot be changed, we still need to worry much about it.