Earthquakes can be very scary（吓人的）. But you need to keep your mind stable (坚定的) in order to make sure you are safe. Be calm and try not to run here and there.
If you manage to come out of your house, go to an open space like a garden or a park where you will be a lot safer. If you live quite some floors above in your building, try to find a place near a bulky(坚固的) object such as a bed. Curl up (蜷缩) and sit on the floor and make sure you are not near a window, fireplace, gas stove and so on. Remember don’t use lifts or escalators.
Some people say you should stand on a doorway. That is not true. If the doorway jambs (侧壁) are weak, they might fall on you. Also if people want to pass through that door, you may stop them. Leave all doorways free.
Another important thing to keep in mind is that you mustn’t climb down the stairs during an Earthquake. If the tremors (震动) stop, after a few seconds, just climb down the stairs as quickly as you can and move out of the building, but don’t run.
Earthquakes usually destroy gas pipes and electrical wires. Turn off the main gas. And don’t light candles or lighters and create an even bigger disaster.
If you’re driving and feel a shake, stop your car at the side of the road and get out. Make sure you are not on a bridge. Bridges and overhead roads (高架路) have the biggest danger of falling.
【小题1】 The best title for the passage should be       .

Earthquakes can be very scary（吓人的）. But you need to keep your mind stable (坚定的) in order to make sure you are safe. Be calm and try not to run here and there.

If you manage to come out of your house, go to an open space like a garden or a park where you will be a lot safer. If you live quite some floors above in your building, try to find a place near a bulky(坚固的) object such as a bed. Curl up (蜷缩) and sit on the floor and make sure you are not near a window, fireplace, gas stove and so on. Remember don’t use lifts or escalators.

Some people say you should stand on a doorway. That is not true. If the doorway jambs (侧壁) are weak, they might fall on you. Also if people want to pass through that door, you may stop them. Leave all doorways free.

Another important thing to keep in mind is that you mustn’t climb down the stairs during an Earthquake. If the tremors (震动) stop, after a few seconds, just climb down the stairs as quickly as you can and move out of the building, but don’t run.

Earthquakes usually destroy gas pipes and electrical wires. Turn off the main gas. And don’t light candles or lighters and create an even bigger disaster.

If you’re driving and feel a shake, stop your car at the side of the road and get out. Make sure you are not on a bridge. Bridges and overhead roads (高架路) have the biggest danger of falling.

1. The best title for the passage should be       .

2.When an earthquake suddenly happens, you should       .

a. remain standing near a window             b. turn off the main gas

c. stay in an open space                     d. stand on a doorway

e. keep off  overhead roads

3. Which of the following is NOT true, when an earthquake suddenly happens?

4. It can be learned from the passage that     .

The air pollution was so bad in Harbin, in China, on October 21,2013 that the city had to close roads and schools, and cancel* hundreds of flights from its airport.

News reports said the smog (a mixture of smoke and fog) was so thick that people couldn’t see more than 10 or 20 metres in front of them.

It is also said that people could not even see the person standing next to them. The city’s website said: “You can’t see your own fingers in front of you.”

The local people said there was a “burning” smell in the air. Many people covered their noses and mouths with scarves or masks*.

The pollution was caused on several factors* including: farmers burning off old corn stalks* and crop stubble*; coal*-fired heating systems; and low winds that allowed the smoke to remain over the city.

The smog had been building up for several days. It became worse when the city turned on the public heating system, which uses coal to heat millions of homes and offices in the city.

Harbin has a population of more than 10 million people. It lies in northeastern China, where cold winter weather can last up to six months. The main fuel* there is coal, because it is cheaper than other types of fuel.

Air pollution from burning coal can cause health problems like heart disease. During the smog crisis* in Harbin, the number of people taken to the hospital with breathing problems was 30% higher than usual.

The city government is trying to reduce its use of coal by adding more insulation* and better roofs and windows to buildings to reduce heating needs. It has also used cleaner fuel for cars and factories.

1.The roads and schools in Harbin had to be closed on October 21, 2013 because of  ____

A. the heavy rain   B. the strong wind  C. the serious smog  D.  the terrible snow        

2.There are many reasons for the air pollution EXCEPT____________.

A. farmers burn off old corn stalks and crop stubble                   

B. people use coal to heat millions of homes and offices

C. The smoke remains over the city   because of low winds

D. Many buses and cars use cleaner fuel and so do factories.

3. What is the government trying to do when the air pollution get worse?

A. To offer cars new fuel.                          

B. To give people more masks.

C. To reduce its use of coal.               

D. To ask people to stay at home.

4.What does the passage mainly tell us?

A. The serious air pollution in China   

B. Coal-fired heating systems

C. The population crisis in Harbin      

D. The reasons for heart disease

5% of deaths caused by road accidents occur in the first few minutes after a crash. Up to 85% of these deaths could be prevented if first aid was given.

The first person on the scene of an accident will almost certainly be another road user. So as a driver your knowledge of first aid could make a real difference to someone in the event of a road accident.

Make safe: Make sure you stay safe: ①keep off the road. If you need to stop coming cars, signal to them from the pavement(人行道). Wear fluorescent reflective(荧光反射) clothing, flashing lights, etc. Don’t smoke!

*If you are in a car and you come across an accident, first park safely and turn off the engine before you get out to help.

Call for help: Dial 999 (or ②112) for the emergency services. If there is no phone nearby, ask help and send two people ③in opposite directions. Remain calm.

Do not allow smoking or offer food or drink to casualties(伤亡人员) as this could hamper(妨碍) medical treatment.

Calling 999 (112): Do this as soon as you can or get someone else to do it. You will need to tell the emergency services:

·where you are

·what has happened (describe the accident)

·how many people are injured(受伤)

·whether they are breathing(呼吸) or bleeding(流血).

Then you will know what to do while you wait for an ambulance to arrive.

任务（一）翻译：

1. ①keep off the road　　　

_______________________________

2. ③in opposite directions　
_______________________________

任务（二）选择：

(　 ) 3. ②112 is a number for ______.

　　 A. only patients　 B. emergency services　 C. the police

(　 ) 4. How many things do you need to tell the emergency services？

　　 A. 1.　　　　　　　　　 B. 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. 4.

任务（三）用英语回答问题：

5. Why aren’t we allowed to offer food or drink to casualties?

_______________________________