D
“Pay has little to do with motivation in the workplace”．That’s the argument put forward by best-selling author Daniel Pink in his new book, Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us．“Pay for performance is supposed to be a folk tale,” he says．
Daniel argues that, if employees receive a basic level of payment, three other factors matter more than money: a sense of independence, of mastery over one’s labor, and of serving a purpose larger than oneself．For example, in 2008 at the offices of Best Buy’s Richfield, salaried workers there were allowed to organize their own work day, putting in only as many hours as they felt necessary to get their jobs done．Productivity increased by 35% according to The Harvard Business Review．
But the managers at Goldman Sachs aren’t exactly making some efforts to adjust．Like others on Wall Street, the banking giant argues that fat bonuses （extra rewards） are essential to make its numbers．“That’s exactly the attitude that leads to the recent financial crisis in the United States,” responds Daniel, “as managers always focus on short-term rewards that encourage cheating, shortcuts, and dishonest behavior．”
Moreover, the 45-year-old author and former Al Gore speechwriter refers to social-science experiments and experiences at such workplaces as Google and 3M．In one 2005 experiment he describes, economists working for the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston tested the power of incentives （激励） by offering cash rewards to those who did well in games that included reciting a series of numbers and throwing tennis balls at a target．The researchers’ finding: Over and over, higher incentives led to worse performance --- and those given the highest incentives did the poorest job．
From this and other cases, Daniel draws a conclusion that monetary incentives remove the element of play and creativity, transforming “an interesting task into a dull one．” It’s even possible, he adds, for oversized rewards to have dangerous side effects, like those of a drug dependency in which an addicted requires ever larger amounts．He refers to scientific testing that shows the promise of cash rewards increase a chemical in the brain similar to that brought on by cocaine or nicotine．
Daniel, however, is also aware that his company examples --- no GE, no IBM, no Microsoft --- hardly represent the commanding heights of the economy．But he thinks his approach will catch on, even in the biggest companies．“Managers tend to be realistic, and in time they will respond,” he says．
53．In his book, Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us, Daniel Pink is promoting the idea that _____．
A．it is a money-driven society    B．all workers are not driven by money
C．money plays a key role in management  D．pay has nothing to do with workplaces
54．In Daniel’s point of view, many Wall Street managers are _______．
A．dishonest      B．considerate   C．short-sighted       D．ridiculous
55．In paragraph 5, the example of drug-taking is given to show _______．
A．money is as addictive as cocaine or nicotine
B．big rewards bring about dangerous side effect
C．nicotine and money bring the same chemical
D．workers do not need the incentives of money at all
56．We can learn from the last paragraph that _______．
A．Daniel’s approach will be popular in a wider field
B．realistic managers will first consider Daniel’s approach
C．Daniel’s approach meets the demand of economic crisis
D．GE, IBM and Microsoft will join in Daniel’s approach next

D

       “Pay has little to do with motivation in the workplace”．That’s the argument put forward by best-selling author Daniel Pink in his new book, Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us．“Pay for performance is supposed to be a folk tale,” he says．

       Daniel argues that, if employees receive a basic level of payment, three other factors matter more than money: a sense of independence, of mastery over one’s labor, and of serving a purpose larger than oneself．For example, in 2008 at the offices of Best Buy’s Richfield, salaried workers there were allowed to organize their own work day, putting in only as many hours as they felt necessary to get their jobs done．Productivity increased by 35% according to The Harvard Business Review．

       But the managers at Goldman Sachs aren’t exactly making some efforts to adjust．Like others on Wall Street, the banking giant argues that fat bonuses （extra rewards） are essential to make its numbers．“That’s exactly the attitude that leads to the recent financial crisis in the United States,” responds Daniel, “as managers always focus on short-term rewards that encourage cheating, shortcuts, and dishonest behavior．”

       Moreover, the 45-year-old author and former Al Gore speechwriter refers to social-science experiments and experiences at such workplaces as Google and 3M．In one 2005 experiment he describes, economists working for the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston tested the power of incentives （激励） by offering cash rewards to those who did well in games that included reciting a series of numbers and throwing tennis balls at a target．The researchers’ finding: Over and over, higher incentives led to worse performance --- and those given the highest incentives did the poorest job．

       From this and other cases, Daniel draws a conclusion that monetary incentives remove the element of play and creativity, transforming “an interesting task into a dull one．” It’s even possible, he adds, for oversized rewards to have dangerous side effects, like those of a drug dependency in which an addicted requires ever larger amounts．He refers to scientific testing that shows the promise of cash rewards increase a chemical in the brain similar to that brought on by cocaine or nicotine．

       Daniel, however, is also aware that his company examples --- no GE, no IBM, no Microsoft --- hardly represent the commanding heights of the economy．But he thinks his approach will catch on, even in the biggest companies．“Managers tend to be realistic, and in time they will respond,” he says．

53．In his book, Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us, Daniel Pink is promoting the idea that _____．

       A．it is a money-driven society    B．all workers are not driven by money

       C．money plays a key role in management  D．pay has nothing to do with workplaces

54．In Daniel’s point of view, many Wall Street managers are _______．

      A．dishonest       B．considerate   C．short-sighted        D．ridiculous

55．In paragraph 5, the example of drug-taking is given to show _______．

       A．money is as addictive as cocaine or nicotine

      B．big rewards bring about dangerous side effect

      C．nicotine and money bring the same chemical

      D．workers do not need the incentives of money at all

56．We can learn from the last paragraph that _______．

      A．Daniel’s approach will be popular in a wider field

      B．realistic managers will first consider Daniel’s approach

      C．Daniel’s approach meets the demand of economic crisis

      D．GE, IBM and Microsoft will join in Daniel’s approach next

Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer．I always encourage such people, but also 1   that there's a big difference between"   2   a writer "and writing．In most   3   these individuals （个人） are dreaming of   4   and fame, not the long hours   5   at a typewriter．"You've got to want to write, "I say to  6_, "not want to be a writer"．

    The reality is that writing is a lonely, private and   7   paying affair．For every writer kissed   8   fortune there are thousands more whose desire is   9    rewarded. When I left a 20-year career in the U．S．Coast Guard to become a freelance writer （自由撰稿人），I had no prospects （chances of success）   10 ．What I did have was a friend who   11   me my room in a New York apartment building．  12    didn't even matter that it was cold and had   13   bathroom．I immediately bought a used manual（手控的）   14    and felt like a genuine writer．

     After a year or so,   15   ,I still hadn't got a break and began to   16 myself．It was so hard to sell a story that hardly made enough to eat．  17   I knew I wanted to write．I had   18   about it for years．I wasn't going to be one of those people who die wondering．  19   if ? I would keep putting my dream to the test even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of   20   ．This is the shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there．

1．A．demand           B．require             C．explain            D．add

2．A．liking              B．admiring         C．respecting        D．being

3．A．cases            B．conditions        C．aspects        D．ways

4．A．health              B．wealth           C．future               D．happiness

5．A．deeply             B．alone          C．lonely            D．alive

6．A．you              B．him             C．them          D．myself

7．A．high               B．poor            C．rich             D．average

8．A．by                 B．with            C．of               D．to

9．A．ever           B．never              C．even              D．still

10．A．at all             B．in all            C．above all           D．after all

11．A．helped              B．provided         C．supplied           D．found

12．A．He              B．I                C．It                D．They

13．A．no               B．any              C．some              D．each

14．A．bathroom        B．pen              C．typewrite             D．machine

15．A．though          B．however          C．yet              D．therefore

16．A．doubt             B．comfort         C．believe             D．express

17．A．While           B．So              C．But               D．As

18．A．dreamed         B．thought          C．known            D．talked

19．A．Even            B．As               C．Only             D．What

20．A．darkness            B．loss         C．failure             D．change

Here is a picture where we can see grass growing in stones strongly． This picture    36  me of my father, a most determined man． He was born in a very    37 black family in the country, and both of my grandparents were   38  ．My father began to work in the cotton(棉花) fields when he was seven years old． He had a strong desire to change his own fate（命运） ever since he was a little boy． He   39 himself how to read and write in the evening． Later with his parents'    40    he managed to go to school where he studied computer science at Yale University． He later became a professor of Stanford University and was an expert in programming． He could   41  programs (程序) for supermarkets, restaurants, hotels, parks and bookstores all by himself． I'm    42  of my father   43   of his determination.

The best way to know a strong man, I think, is to let him   44   a severe test． Whenever we want to test a man's character, we should find out whether he can   45   __ adversity （逆境）, because adversity can always prove the   46  character of a man．Only when we make up our own mind can we overcome any    47  ． Some people would give up halfway． Such men can hardly expect to succeed． If we do not give up hope, nothing is impossible．

I played a racquetball game against my cousin Ed last week. It was one of the most 1and tiring games I’ve ever had. When Ed first phoned an    2   we play. I laughed quietly, figuring on an    3   victory. After all, Ed’s idea of   4  has always been nothing more   5   than lifting a fork to his mouth.   6   I can remember, Ed’s been the least physically fit member in the family, and    7 proud of himself. His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although the family often   8   about that. Ed refused to buy a    9   T-shirt or to lose weight. So when Ed  10for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly   11   , I was so surprised that I was   12  .  My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape.    13   , at the point in our game when I’d have predicted （预计）  the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was  14 7 to 9 -- and Ed was   15  .  The sudden realization was painful. We  16   to play like two mad men. When the score was 16 up, I was having serious   17 about staying alive until 21 years old, let alone   18 that many points. When the game finally ended, both of us were lying flat on our backs, too tired to  19  .  In a way, I think we both won; I the game, but cousin Ed my   20  .

1．A．encouraging        B．hopeless          C．surprising       D．regular

2．A．declared             B．mentioned       C．persuaded       D．suggested

3．A．unforgettable       B．unexpected      C．easy               D．early

4．A．exercise              B．preparation      C．joy                 D．fitness

5．A．time-saving         B．comfortable     C．suitable           D．effort-making

6．A．As soon as          B．As long as       C．When             D．Since

7．A．strangely            B．personally       C．reasonably      D．eagerly

8．A．cared                 B．forgot             C．quarreled        D．joked

9．A．clean                  B．larger              C．straight           D．darker

10．A．set out              B．got ready        C．arrived            D．returned

11．A．notice               B．admire            C．believe            D．measure

12．A．nervous            B．curious           C．careless          D．speechless

13．A．After all            B．As a result       C．Above all        D．At last

14．A．mistakenly        B．then                C．instead            D．naturally

15．A．leading              B．coming           C．waiting           D．counting

16．A．pretended          B．stopped           C．continued        D．decided

17．A．thoughts           B．doubts            C．situations        D．problems

18．A．scoring             B．completing      C．receiving         D．keeping

19．A．play                  B．start               C．sleep              D．move

20．A．friendship         B．respect           C．support           D．favor