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    My husband and son took a New York-to-Milwaukee flight that was supposed to leave Friday at 11:29 am. The flight boarded after 4 pm and didn’t leave the gate until 4:40, and half an hour later the pilot announced it would be another hour until takeoff. At that point a Jewish family, worried about violating the Sabbath （安息日）, asked to get off. Going back to the gate cost the plane its place in line for takeoff, and the flight was eventually cancelled. Was the airline right to grant that request?
    M. W, Norwalk, CONN.
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Situations like that can bring out the worst in people. But despite the increasing resentment（怨恨） of a plane full of people, the pilot tried to do the right thing. He went out of his way to satisfy one family’s urgent need. He should not have done so.
    Passengers bought tickets in the belief that the airline’s primary goal was to get them to their destination as close to the schedule as possible. Once they got on the plane and the doors are locked, it’s not correct to announce that the rules have changed and that a personal (as opposed to medical) emergency —no matter how urgent — might take precedence（优先）.
    That would be just as true if turning back to the gate had merely cost a few minutes rather than doomed the flight entirely, since on a plane, even a slight delay can spread outward, from the people in the cabin to those meeting them to the passengers waiting to board the plane for the next leg of its journey and so on. It would also be true if the personal emergency were not religious — if someone suddenly realized she’d made a professional mistake that might cost her millions, and she had to race back to the office to fix it.
    If a religious practice does nothing to harm others, then airlines should make a reasonable effort to accommodate it. Though that family has every right to observe the Sabbath, it has no right to enlist an airplane full of captive bystanders to help them do so. By boarding a flight on a Friday afternoon, the family knowingly risked running into trouble. The risk was theirs alone to bear.
    【小题1】M. W. wrote the letter to ask whether ______.

    A．Any religious passenger has the right to ask the pilot to take off
    B．The airline has the right to cancel the flight without any reason
    C．A flight should meet any passenger’s need despite others’ benefit
    D．A plane which has left the gate should give up taking off
    【小题2】What do we know from the reply letter?
    A．The pilot did the right thing in spite of the fierce resentment.
    B．The plane should turn back if anyone aboard is seriously ill.
    C．Anybody who has boarded has no chance to get off the plane.
    D．Any flight shouldn’t change its schedule no matter what has happened.
    【小题3】What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 mean?
    A．Turning back to the gate usually takes a plane quite a long time.
    B．Nobody should take precedence to require the plane to turn back to the gate.
    C．Even if it had taken a few minutes it was not right to turn back to the gate.
    D．It was OK if turning back to the gate hadn’t caused the flight to be cancelled.
    【小题4】The author of the reply letter thinks that _________.
    A．It’s right for the plane to turn back to the gate to save a passenger’s treasure
    B．The Jewish family should give up observing the Sabbath after boarding
    C．The biggest problem of turning back is to bring trouble to the pilot
    D．The Jewish family had better avoid boarding on Friday afternoon

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    My husband and son took a New York-to-Milwaukee flight that was supposed to leave Friday at 11:29 am. The flight boarded after 4 pm and didn’t leave the gate until 4:40, and half an hour later the pilot announced it would be another hour until takeoff. At that point a Jewish family, worried about violating the Sabbath （安息日）, asked to get off. Going back to the gate cost the plane its place in line for takeoff, and the flight was eventually cancelled. Was the airline right to grant that request?

    M. W, Norwalk, CONN.

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Situations like that can bring out the worst in people. But despite the increasing resentment（怨恨） of a plane full of people, the pilot tried to do the right thing. He went out of his way to satisfy one family’s urgent need. He should not have done so.

    Passengers bought tickets in the belief that the airline’s primary goal was to get them to their destination as close to the schedule as possible. Once they got on the plane and the doors are locked, it’s not correct to announce that the rules have changed and that a personal (as opposed to medical) emergency —no matter how urgent — might take precedence（优先）.

    That would be just as true if turning back to the gate had merely cost a few minutes rather than doomed the flight entirely, since on a plane, even a slight delay can spread outward, from the people in the cabin to those meeting them to the passengers waiting to board the plane for the next leg of its journey and so on. It would also be true if the personal emergency were not religious — if someone suddenly realized she’d made a professional mistake that might cost her millions, and she had to race back to the office to fix it.

    If a religious practice does nothing to harm others, then airlines should make a reasonable effort to accommodate it. Though that family has every right to observe the Sabbath, it has no right to enlist an airplane full of captive bystanders to help them do so. By boarding a flight on a Friday afternoon, the family knowingly risked running into trouble. The risk was theirs alone to bear.

    1.M. W. wrote the letter to ask whether ______.

    A．Any religious passenger has the right to ask the pilot to take off

    B．The airline has the right to cancel the flight without any reason

    C．A flight should meet any passenger’s need despite others’ benefit

    D．A plane which has left the gate should give up taking off

    2.What do we know from the reply letter?

    A．The pilot did the right thing in spite of the fierce resentment.

    B．The plane should turn back if anyone aboard is seriously ill.

    C．Anybody who has boarded has no chance to get off the plane.

    D．Any flight shouldn’t change its schedule no matter what has happened.

    3.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 mean?

    A．Turning back to the gate usually takes a plane quite a long time.

    B．Nobody should take precedence to require the plane to turn back to the gate.

    C．Even if it had taken a few minutes it was not right to turn back to the gate.

    D．It was OK if turning back to the gate hadn’t caused the flight to be cancelled.

    4.The author of the reply letter thinks that _________.

    A．It’s right for the plane to turn back to the gate to save a passenger’s treasure

    B．The Jewish family should give up observing the Sabbath after boarding

    C．The biggest problem of turning back is to bring trouble to the pilot

    D．The Jewish family had better avoid boarding on Friday afternoon

     

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    阅读理解

    　　Robots have been a part of the manufacturing work force for decades－one in 10 auto-workers, for instance, is now made of metal and electronics．Robots for the house have been slower to come．Household chores(家务杂事)are less predictable and repetitive than those of the assembly line(装配线), making them difficult to explain in the simple language of a machine．Then how can we solve this problem? One answer is to design robots that are flexible for specific tasks, such as cacuuming(用真空吸尘器清扫)．Another is to figure out a way to make robots simple－and cheap－enough that ordinary people can build their own from parts and program them to do whatever they please．

    　　With funding from Google, Intel and Microsoft, scientists at Carnegie Mellon University(CMU)in Pittsburgh have created a series of build-it-yourself robots which they say are simple and cheap enough for almost anyone to create．

    　　It starts with a black box called Qwerk－the robot “brain” that CMU built and sells for ＄349 on its Website．Using off-the-shelf parts(wheels, screwdrivers, electrical tape)and some simple instructions, anybody can build a 10-centimeter-high robot and program the Qwerk brain．You might make a wheeled robot with a video camera that can keep an eye on your house and sound the alarm in case someone enters．

    　　Scientists hope that by bringing simple robot technology to the marketplace, they can open up the industry to the greater public－maybe even make robotics fun．They’ve tested prototypes(原型)in classrooms and workshops, and even tried them out with young kids．While most of the robots serve practical uses, their goal, scientists say, is to get the public to start contributing its own designs, and even make robots a form of self-expression．One student, for example, made a robot that sits on the side of the road and when it sees a car going too fast, puts up a sign that says slowly down!

    (1)

    Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

    [　　]

    A．

    Robots have been used in manufacturing for decades．

    B．

    Robots are used to do housework more often than in the assembly line．

    C．

    Robots make up 10％ of the auto-workers nowadays．

    D．

    Robots are made of metal and electronics．

    (2)

    Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh get money for their research from ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    some IT companies

    B．

    the university

    C．

    banks

    D．

    the government

    (3)

    If you want to make a robot that can keep an eye on your house, which of the following might you NOT need?

    [　　]

    A．

    A black box called Qwerk

    B．

    Some wheels

    C．

    A real gun

    D．

    A video camera

    (4)

    Scientists brought simple robot technology to the public in order to ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    help people solve household chores

    B．

    get people to start their own designs

    C．

    give people more chances to know robots

    D．

    change manufacturing robots into household ones

    (5)

    What would be the best title for the passage?

    [　　]

    A．

    Mobile robots

    B．

    Home-made robots

    C．

    Factory robots

    D．

    Teaching robots

    查看答案和解析>>

    阅读理解

    　　Robots have been a part of the manufacturing work force for decades－one in 10 auto-workers, for instance, is now made of metal and electronics．Robots for the house have been slower to come．Household chores(家务杂事)are less predictable and repetitive than those of the assembly line(装配线), making them difficult to explain in the simple language of a machine．Then how can we solve this problem? One answer is to design robots that are flexible for specific tasks, such as cacuuming(用真空吸尘器清扫)．Another is to figure out a way to make robots simple－and cheap－enough that ordinary people can build their own from parts and program them to do whatever they please．

    　　With funding from Google, Intel and Microsoft, scientists at Carnegie Mellon University(CMU)in pittsburgh have created a series of build-it-yourself robots which they say are simple and cheap enough for almost anyone to create．

    　　It starts with a black box called Qwerk－the robot“brain” that CMU built and sells for $349 on its Website．Using off-the-shelf parts(wheels, screwdrivers, electrical tape)and some simple instructions, anybody can build a 10-centimeter-high robot and program the Qwerk brain．You might make a wheeled robot with a video camera that can keep an eye on your house and sound the alarm in case someone enters．

    　　Scientists hope that by bringing simple robot technology to the marketplace, they can open up the industry to the greater public－maybe even make robotics fun．They’ve tested prototypes(原型)in classrooms and workshops, and even tried them out with young kids．While most of the robots serve practical uses, their goal, scientists say, is to get the public to start contributing its own designs, and even make robots a form of self-expression．One student, for example, made a robot that sits on the side of the road and when it sees a car going too fast, puts up a sign that says slow down!

    (1)

    Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

    [　　]

    A．

    Robots have been used in manufacturing for decades．

    B．

    Robots are used to do housework more often than in the assembly line．

    C．

    Robots make up 10％of the auto-workers nowadays．

    D．

    Robots are made of metal and electronics．

    (2)

    Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University in pittsburgh get money for their research from________．

    [　　]

    A．

    some IT companies

    B．

    the university

    C．

    banks

    D．

    the government

    (3)

    If you want to make a robot that can keep an eye on your house, which of the following might you NOT need?

    [　　]

    A．

    A black box called Qwerk

    B．

    Some wheels

    C．

    A real gun

    D．

    A video camera

    (4)

    Scientists brought simple robot technology to the public in order to________．

    [　　]

    A．

    help people solve household chores

    B．

    get people to start their own designs

    C．

    give people more chances to know robots

    D．

    change manufacturing robots into household ones

    (5)

    What would be the best title for the passage?

    [　　]

    A．

    Mobile robots

    B．

    Home-made robots

    C．

    Factory robots

    D．

    Teaching robots

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    完形填空

    　　Millions of people in Britain struggle out of bed each morning, fumble（乱摸）into some clothes, and __1__ their way to a cup of coffee and the morning __2__. They need something cheerful to remind them that the rest of the day will be __3__ difficult than getting up. This need may be __4__ that many of them turn their __5__ eyes to the cartoons section of the newspaper as they sip（呷）their first cups of coffee of the day.

    　　Cartoons reflect（反映）the times and the troubles and __6__ of people. They give people an opportunity（机会）to laugh at __7__ and at familiar（常见的）situations. In times of prosperity（繁荣）, for example, cartoons show people __8__ the good economic（经济上的）situation. They also make fun of the __9__ that people make for themselves--like making a problem out __10__ type of car to buy. In hard times--times of economic troubles--people want someone or __11__ to blame（责备）their troubles on. Cartoons provide scapegoats（替身）. They also help people to see the humor in a __12__ situation. For example, a cartoon might say that the government of a country is responsible for the bad economy and __13__ show the government leaders as a group of ridiculous（可笑的）people. Being able to use the leaders as scapegoats and to laugh at the leaders somehow makes people feel __14__ about their situation.

    　　Cartoons also make people __15__ their own personal worries. Young people who are not always sure of how to act can smile at their awkwardness（尴尬）. Old people __16__ grown children pay little attention to them can chuckle（暗笑）at their neglect（疏忽）and loneliness. Students who have studied too little before an examination can laugh at their worries. __17__ problems are made bigger than life in the cartoons. Perhaps the problems __18__ funny because there is humor in something that is real being made unreal.

    　　A cartoon combines（结合）art and humor. When it is skillfully __19__, a simple line drawing and a few words can make people laugh. Their troubles seem less __20__ and they enjoy life more fully.

    (1)A．make

    B．let

    C．follow

    D．stay

    (2)A．exercises

    B．washing

    C．newspaper

    D．clothes

    (3)A．most

    B．already

    C．nearly

    D．less

    (4)A．some time

    B．the reason

    C．a lot of fruit

    D．a person

    (5)A．blind

    B．half-opened

    C．nearsighted

    D．bright

    (6)A．laughs

    B．sorrows

    C．worries

    D．diseases

    (7)A．themselves

    B．others

    C．herself

    D．another

    (8)A．taking

    B．enjoying

    C．looking at

    D．listening to

    (9)A．families

    B．names

    C．questions

    D．problems

    (10)A．for whom

    B．with whom

    C．of which

    D．to where

    (11)A．something

    B．anyone

    C．somebody

    D．anything

    (12)A．too-much-more

    B．not-so-funny

    C．such-nice-interesting

    D．no-good-looking

    (13)A．too

    B．only

    C．also

    D．either

    (14)A．better

    B．worrier

    C．clearer

    D．nicer

    (15)A．look through

    B．shout at

    C．carry out

    D．laugh at

    (16)A．who

    B．whose

    C．that

    D．which

    (17)A．Somebody's

    B．Everyone's

    C．Each one's

    D．Anybody's

    (18)A．seem

    B．see

    C．believe

    D．watch

    (19)A．taken

    B．acted

    C．brought

    D．done

    (20)A．necessary

    B．important

    C．comfortable

    D．expensive

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