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    (C) The sun's changing energy levels are not to blame for recent global warming and, if anything, solar variations over the past 20 years should have had a cooling effect, scientists have said. Their findings add to a growing body of evidence that human activity, not natural causes, lies behind rising average world temperatures, which are expected to reach their second highest level this year since records began in the 1860s. There is little doubt that solar variability has influenced the Earth's climate in the past and may well have been a factor in the first half of the last century, but British and Swiss researchers said it could not explain recent warming. Over the past 20 years, all the trends in the sun that could have had an influence on Earth's climate have been in the opposite direction to that required to explain the observed rise in global mean temperatures. Most scientists say emissions of greenhouse gases, mainly from burning fossil fuels in power plants, factories and cars, are the prime cause of the current warming trend. A decreasing group pins the blame on natural variations in the climate system, or a gradual rise in the sun's energy output. In order to unpick that possible link, researchers studied factors that could have forced climate change in recent decades, including variations in total solar irradiance and cosmic rays. The data was smoothed to take account of the 11-year sunspot cycle, which affects the amount of heat the sun emits but does not impact the Earth's surface air temperature, due to the way the oceans absorb and retain heat. They concluded that the rapid rise in global mean temperatures seen since the late 1980s could not be ascribed to solar variability, whatever mechanism was invoked. At present there is a small minority which is seeking to deliberately confuse the public on the causes of climate change. They are often misrepresenting the science, when the reality is that the evidence is getting stronger every day. The 10 warmest years in the past 150 years have all been since 1990 and a United Nations climate panel, drawing on the work of 2,500 scientists, said this year it was “very likely human activities were the main cause. 72. In the past 20 years, solar variations should have . A. made the earth warm B. cooled the earth a little C. prevented the earth from moving around the sun D. slowed the movement of the earth itself 73. The word “mean in Paragraph 3 probably means “ . A. average B. not generous C. poor D. cruel 74. Why is sunspot cycle taken into account? A. Because it can increase the earth’s surface air temperature. B. Because it can reduce the earth’s surface air temperature. C. Because it can increase or reduce the amount of heat the sun gives off. D. Because it can help the ocean to store heat. 75. Which do you think is the best title for the passage? A. The Sun Is Not To Blame for the Global Warming B. Humans Have No Ways but to Suffer from Global Warming C. Global Warming Becomes a Headache Problem to Humans D. Global Warming Is an Unavoidable Trend Section C Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need. A. Breathe and count. B. Figure out your triggers. C. Keep practicing. D. Keep a record. E. Start small. F. Take time out. Personally, patience is something I’ve been practicing for a long time. While I often fail, I believe I’ve progressed over the years, and things that used to get me bothered now just float past me. I still get upset, of course, but not nearly as much as I used to. Here are some tips that might help you become more patient: 76. This is the first strategy, if you have real problems with patience: start by simply keeping a record on a little sheet of paper every time you lose your patience. This is one of the most effective and important methods for controlling an impulse – by learning to become more aware of it. Once you become aware of your impulses, you can work out an alternative reaction. 77. As you become more aware of losing your patience, pay close attention to the things that cause you to lose that patience. Is it when your co-worker does something particularly annoying? When your spouse leaves dirty dishes unwashed? When your child doesn’t clean up his/her mess? Certain causes will happen more frequently than others – these are the things you should focus on the most. 78. This one really works. When you first start to lose your patience, take a deep breath, and breathe out slowly. Then take another. And another. These three breaths will often help you. Count slowly to 10(you can do this in your head). When you’re done, most of the impulse to yell or do something out of frustration will have gone away. 79. Don’t try to become very patient overnight. It won’t happen. Start with something small and manageable. Look for a trigger that only causes mild impatience within you – not something that gets your blood boiling. Then focus on this, and forget the other triggers for now. Work on controlling your temper for that one trigger. If you can get this one under control, use what you learned to focus on the next small trigger. One at a time, and with patience, you’ll get there. 80. Often it’s best just to walk away for a few minutes. Take a break from the situation, just for 5-10 minutes, let yourself calm down, plan out your words and actions and solutions, and then come back calmly. Sometimes, we tend to get upset over little things. In the long run, these things tend not to matter, but in the heat of the moment, we might forget this. Section D Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Joe Bauer got the call on a Friday afternoon. A 10-year-old dog named Oscar was seriously sick because of a particular cancer in dogs, and had been given only three months, at best, to live. The dog’s owners were heartbroken and planned to have Oscar put down the next day. Instead, Bauer, who was a scientist at the Cleveland Clinic’s Center, shipped an experimental cancer drug free-of-charge to Oscar’s vet, which means he registered Oscar in a trial that could end up benefiting not only suffering dogs but humans as well. Treating dogs as a prelude to finding new cancer drugs for humans is an idea that is catching on. “Dogs are benefiting more and more as people recognize the value of studying new cancer treatment---not just drugs---in dogs, said Bauer. “There are a couple of reasons why dogs are so good. For one thing, the mice usually studied in cancer research are genetically bred to develop cancers. Dogs, like humans, spontaneously develop cancers. Also, not only are dogs similar to humans in their genetic makeup, they are also influenced by the same environmental factors that humans are. Experimental drugs might get response rates of 80 percent or higher in mice, but that figure often drops to 10 or 15 percent when applied to humans, added Bauer. It’s been five years since Oscar’s death-sentence, and he’s still going strong. Since then, three other dogs have been treated and have responded to the drug, without any negative reactions, Bauer said. “There’s a great inequality for drugs available for animal use and those available for human use, Bauer said. “Most of those used to treat dogs and other pets were developed in the 1950s. Bauer added, “This helps animal patients have access to treatments they wouldn’t have access to otherwise. We look at this as benefit to both species. (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.) 81. For how many days was Oscar believed to live five years ago? 82. The underlined phrase “catching on in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to . 83. From the text we can learn that dogs only recently have access to drugs . 84. Why are dogs chosen for studying new cancer treatment? 第II卷 【查看更多】

     

    题目列表(包括答案和解析)

    In the last years of the Warring States period, the State of Qin attacked the State of Wei on a large scale repeatedly and occupied large areas of land, for the State of Wei was too weak to defend itself. In 273 B.C., the Qin army launched a more serious attack upon the State of Wei than ever. The king of the State of Wei gathered his officials, and asked with a worried look if anyone could propose a way to defeat the Qin army. After years of chaos caused by the wars, the officials trembled when fighting was mentioned, and no one dared to speak of resistance.
    At the critical moment when a large enemy force was bearing down upon the border, most of the officials persuaded the king to sue for peace, at the cost of giving away to the State of Qin the large area of land north of the Huanghe River and south of the Taihang Mountain. However Su Dai, a counselor, did not agree. He hurried up to the king and said, "Your Majesty, they don't think about the interests of the country at all. It is just because they are afraid of death that they ask you to sue for peace by betraying the country. Of course you can temporarily satisfy the ambition of Qin, but it will never stop attacking us until our land is totally given away."
    He added,“Once there was a man whose house was on fire. People told him to put out the fire with water, but he would not listen. Instead, he carried a faggot to put out the fire, only to make the fire fiercer. Isn't it similar to carrying faggots to put out a fire if you agree to sue for peace at the cost of the land of the State of Wei?”
    Though Su Dai's argument was very convincing, the king accepted the suggestion of those officials and gave away to the State of Qin a large area of the land of the State of Wei. As might be expected, the Qin army attacked the State of Wei in 225 B.C. again, surrounding the capital city Daliang and flooding it by digging open the dykes (堤防) of the Huanghe River. The State of Wei was finally destroyed.
    【小题1】When asked how to defeat the Qin army, most officials _______.

    A．were scared and at a loss what to do
    B．looked worried and turned to Su Dai for help
    C．asked a large enemy force to bear down upon the border
    D．were extremely frightened and decided to give up fighting back
    【小题2】The underlined phrase“sue for”in Paragraph 2 probably means _______.
    A．demand B．beg for C．search forD．negotiate for
    【小题3】Su Dai used the example of“carrying faggots to put out a fire”to show _______.
    A．the ambition of the State of QinB．the serious results of giving in
    C．the loss of the land of the State of WeiD．the trembling consequences of defense
    【小题4】The story is mainly developed by _______.
    A．timeB．logicC．making comparisonD．cause and effect
    【小题5】The attitude of the writer towards Su Dai is _______.
    A．approvalB．praiseC．neutralD．disapproval

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     Taiwan-born American director Ang Lee's win of his second directing Oscar has sparked complex feelings among Chinese audiences, who expressed their pride due to the director's Chinese roots, but couldn't help but reflect on why the Chinese mainland has failed to deliver more outstanding films to the world .

       Lee, 58, on Sunday accepted the Academy Award for best director for Life of Pi, a 3D adventure-drama film. Lee had won the top directing award in 2006 for Brokeback Mountain and the best foreign language film Oscar in 2001 for Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon.

       Lee came to Hollywood's attention after directing three Chinese-language films in the early 1990s, with an emphasis on the interactions between modernity and Chinese traditions. Some Web users called Lee "a source of pride for Chinese people," and admired him for bearing the torch of Chinese culture.

       However, a large number of audience members and critics from the mainland expressed their frustrations over home-made movies: Mainland filmmakers have made numerous ambitious tries for the prestigious award but never won.

       Hao Jie, a young director whose 2010 film Single Man won the Special Jury Prize in the Tokyo Filmex Festival but was never screened in the mainland for it showed complex sex lives in a village.

      "Due to the censorship(审查), we are prevented from the beginning of our production, which forbids our works from mirroring realities," Hao said.

       While acknowledging the system's role in undermining(削弱) excellent works, Su Mu, a well-known film critic, argued that the atmosphere in the mainland's film circle is also to blame. "Lee produces his works with his heart, but most mainland directors now only have money in mind."

       Though having obtained approval for his second film from the film authority, Hao said cinemas have kept delaying the screening of his work. "This is another factor that prevents us from progressing. Cinemas won't risk showing our film, which features no stars and is considered non-mainstream," complained Hao.

    1.What does the underlined phrase “the prestigious award” refer to?

    A. the Best Director of Oscar

    B. any of the Oscar Awards

    C. the Special Jury Prize

    D. the best foreign language film Oscar

    2.Which of the following statements is true? 

    A. Ang Lee’s films are always focusing on Chinese traditions.

    B. Chinese audiences are proud of their Chinese identity in the films.

    C. Ang Lee has won the world’s favor only by means of his three Oscars.

    D. Ang Lee is famous for his combining modernity and Chinese traditions.

    3.Which of the following is NOT the factor that prevents Chinese mainland films’ progressing?

    A. Strict censorship.

    B. A lack of wonderful directors.

    C. The bad atmosphere in the film circle.

    D. Cinemas’ not risking showing low-cost films.

    4.The best title for the passage is probably_____.

    A. Ang Lee-Pride of Chinese Movie-makers

    B. The Future of Chinese Mainland Film-making

    C. Bitter-sweet Feeling over Ang Lee’s Oscar Win

    D. What Can Chinese Films Do for the Oscar Awards

     

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    In the last years of the Warring States period, the State of Qin attacked the State of Wei on a large scale repeatedly and occupied large areas of land, for the State of Wei was too weak to defend itself. In 273 B.C., the Qin army launched a more serious attack upon the State of Wei than ever. The king of the State of Wei gathered his officials, and asked with a worried look if anyone could propose a way to defeat the Qin army. After years of chaos caused by the wars, the officials trembled when fighting was mentioned, and no one dared to speak of resistance.

        At the critical moment when a large enemy force was bearing down upon the border, most of the officials persuaded the king to sue for peace, at the cost of giving away to the State of Qin the large area of land north of the Huanghe River and south of the Taihang Mountain. However Su Dai, a counselor, did not agree. He hurried up to the king and said: "Your Majesty, they don't think about the interests of the country at all. It is just because they are afraid of death that they ask you to sue for peace by betraying the country. Of course you can temporarily satisfy the ambition of Qin, but it will never stop attacking us until our land is totally given away."

        He added,“Once there was a man whose house was on fire. People told him to put out the fire with water, but he would not listen. Instead, he carried a faggot to put out the fire, only to make the fire fiercer. Isn't it similar to carrying faggots to put out a fire if you agree to sue for peace at the cost of the land of the State of Wei?”

        Though Su Dai's argument was very convincing, the king accepted the suggestion of those officials and gave away to the State of Qin a large area of the land of the State of Wei. As might be expected, the Qin army attacked the State of Wei in 225 B.C. again, surrounding the capital city Daliang and flooding it by digging open the dykes (堤防) of the Huanghe River. The State of Wei was finally destroyed.

    1. When asked how to defeat the Qin army, most officials _______.

        A. were scared and at a loss what to do

        B. looked worried and turned to Su Dai for help

        C. asked a large enemy force to bear down upon the border

        D. were extremely frightened and decided to give up fighting back

    2.The underlined phrase“sue for”in Paragraph 2 probably means _______.

        A. demand       B. beg for      C. search for      D. negotiate for

    3.Su Dai used the example of“carrying faggots to put out a fire”to show _______.

        A. the ambition of the State of Qin

        B. the serious results of giving in

        C. the loss of the land of the State of Wei

        D. the trembling consequences of defense

    4. The story is mainly developed by _______.

        A. time        B. logic            C. making comparison    D. cause and effect

    5. The attitude of the writer towards Su Dai is _______.

        A. approval    B. praise           C. neutral              D. disapproval

     

     

    查看答案和解析>>

    In the last years of the Warring States period, the State of Qin attacked the State of Wei on a large scale repeatedly and occupied large areas of land, for the State of Wei was too weak to defend itself. In 273 B.C., the Qin army launched a more serious attack upon the State of Wei than ever. The king of the State of Wei gathered his officials, and asked with a worried look if anyone could propose a way to defeat the Qin army. After years of chaos caused by the wars, the officials trembled when fighting was mentioned, and no one dared to speak of resistance.
    At the critical moment when a large enemy force was bearing down upon the border, most of the officials persuaded the king to sue for peace, at the cost of giving away to the State of Qin the large area of land north of the Huanghe River and south of the Taihang Mountain. However Su Dai, a counselor, did not agree. He hurried up to the king and said: "Your Majesty, they don't think about the interests of the country at all. It is just because they are afraid of death that they ask you to sue for peace by betraying the country. Of course you can temporarily satisfy the ambition of Qin, but it will never stop attacking us until our land is totally given away."
    He added,“Once there was a man whose house was on fire. People told him to put out the fire with water, but he would not listen. Instead, he carried a faggot to put out the fire, only to make the fire fiercer. Isn't it similar to carrying faggots to put out a fire if you agree to sue for peace at the cost of the land of the State of Wei?”
    Though Su Dai's argument was very convincing, the king accepted the suggestion of those officials and gave away to the State of Qin a large area of the land of the State of Wei. As might be expected, the Qin army attacked the State of Wei in 225 B.C. again, surrounding the capital city Daliang and flooding it by digging open the dykes (堤防) of the Huanghe River. The State of Wei was finally destroyed.
    【小题1】 When asked how to defeat the Qin army, most officials _______.

    A．were scared and at a loss what to do
    B．looked worried and turned to Su Dai for help
    C．asked a large enemy force to bear down upon the border
    D．were extremely frightened and decided to give up fighting back
    【小题2】The underlined phrase“sue for”in Paragraph 2 probably means _______.
    A．demand B．beg for C．search forD．negotiate for
    【小题3】Su Dai used the example of“carrying faggots to put out a fire”to show _______.
    A．the ambition of the State of Qin
    B．the serious results of giving in
    C．the loss of the land of the State of Wei
    D．the trembling consequences of defense
    【小题4】 The story is mainly developed by _______.
    A．timeB．logicC．making comparisonD．cause and effect
    【小题5】 The attitude of the writer towards Su Dai is _______.
    A．approvalB．praiseC．neutralD．disapproval

    查看答案和解析>>

    In the last years of the Warring States period, the State of Qin attacked the State of Wei on a large scale repeatedly and occupied large areas of land, for the State of Wei was too weak to defend itself. In 273 B.C., the Qin army launched a more serious attack upon the State of Wei than ever. The king of the State of Wei gathered his officials, and asked with a worried look if anyone could propose a way to defeat the Qin army. After years of chaos caused by the wars, the officials trembled when fighting was mentioned, and no one dared to speak of resistance.

        At the critical moment when a large enemy force was bearing down upon the border, most of the officials persuaded the king to sue for peace, at the cost of giving away to the State of Qin the large area of land north of the Huanghe River and south of the Taihang Mountain. However Su Dai, a counselor, did not agree. He hurried up to the king and said: "Your Majesty, they don't think about the interests of the country at all. It is just because they are afraid of death that they ask you to sue for peace by betraying the country. Of course you can temporarily satisfy the ambition of Qin, but it will never stop attacking us until our land is totally given away."

        He added,“Once there was a man whose house was on fire. People told him to put out the fire with water, but he would not listen. Instead, he carried a faggot to put out the fire, only to make the fire fiercer. Isn't it similar to carrying faggots to put out a fire if you agree to sue for peace at the cost of the land of the State of Wei?”

        Though Su Dai's argument was very convincing, the king accepted the suggestion of those officials and gave away to the State of Qin a large area of the land of the State of Wei. As might be expected, the Qin army attacked the State of Wei in 225 B.C. again, surrounding the capital city Daliang and flooding it by digging open the dykes (堤防) of the Huanghe River. The State of Wei was finally destroyed.

    When asked how to defeat the Qin army, most officials _______.

        A. were scared and at a loss what to do

        B. looked worried and turned to Su Dai for help

        C. asked a large enemy force to bear down upon the border

        D. were extremely frightened and decided to give up fighting back

    The underlined phrase“sue for”in Paragraph 2 probably means _______.

        A. demand       B. beg for      C. search for      D. negotiate for

    Su Dai used the example of“carrying faggots to put out a fire”to show _______.

        A. the ambition of the State of Qin

        B. the serious results of giving in

        C. the loss of the land of the State of Wei

        D. the trembling consequences of defense

    The story is mainly developed by _______.

        A. time        B. logic            C. making comparison    D. cause and effect

    The attitude of the writer towards Su Dai is _______.

        A. approval    B. praise           C. neutral              D. disapproval

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