In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates for the doctor’s degree.

Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by an electric clock and carefully watched over by managers, resembles a group of workers at an automobile factory. Certainly, during examinations, teachers and students are expected to act like machines.

One type of test is sometimes called “objective” test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test, the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher write the correct answer and also three statements that look like answers to students who have not learned the material properly.

1. Which of the following statements is true about the students in the Middle Ages?

   A. They took objective test.

   B. They specialized in one subject.

   C. They were timed by electrical clock.

   D. They usually took spoken tests.

2. The main idea of paragraph 3 is that________.

   A. workers now take examinations

   B. the population had grown rapidly

   C. there are only written exams today

   D. examinations are now written and timed

3. Modern industry must have developed ________.

   A. before the Middle Ages

   B. around the 19^th century

   C. in Greece or Rome

   D. machines to take tests

4. It may be concluded from the passage that testing________.

   A. should test only opinions

   B. should always be written

   C. has changed since the Middle Ages

   D. is given only in factories

In ancient time the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.

In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates for the doctor’s degree.

Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by an electric clock and carefully watched over by managers, resembles a group of workers at an automobile factory. Certainly, during examinations, teachers and students are expected to act like machines.

One type of test is sometimes called “objective” test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test, the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher write the correct answer and also three statements that look like answers to students who have not learned the material properly.

1. Which of the following statements is true about the students in the Middle Ages?

   A. They took objective test.

   B. They specialized in one subject.

   C. They were timed by electrical clock.

   D. They usually took spoken tests.

2. The main idea of paragraph 3 is that________.

   A. workers now take examinations

   B. the population had grown rapidly

   C. there are only written exams today

   D. examinations are now written and timed

3. Modern industry must have developed ________.

   A. before the Middle Ages

   B. around the 19^th century

   C. in Greece or Rome

   D. machines to take tests

4. It may be concluded from the passage that testing________.

   A. should test only opinions

   B. should always be written

   C. has changed since the Middle Ages

   D. is given only in factories

阅读理解

　　In ancient times the most important examinations were, spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.

　　Generally, however, modem examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modem industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, resembles a group of workers at an automobile factory. Certainly, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines. One type of test is sometimes called an objective test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test the teachers write a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like answers to students who have not learned the material properly.

1．In the Middle Ages students ________.

[　　]

A．took objective tests

B．were timed by electric clocks

C．specialized in one subject

D．never wrote in exams

2．The main idea of paragraph 2 is that ________.

[　　]

A．workers now take examinations

B．the population has grown

C．there are only written exams today

D．examinations are now written and timed

3．Modern examinations are written due to ________.

[　　]

A．more population and the development of modern industry

B．the invention of electric clock

C．the demands of the teachers and students

D．the managers' strong sense of responsibility

4．Modem industry must have developed ________.

[　　]

A．before the Middle Ages

B．in Greece or Rome

C．around the 19th century

D．machines to take tests

5．It may be concluded that testing ________ .

[　　]

A．should be objective

B．has changed since the Middle Ages

C．should include written form as well as spoken form

D．in ancient times was not perfect

第三部分 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）

请阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项的标号涂黑。

In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually was made up of saying poetry aloud and giving speeches.

In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates(应试者) for the doctor’s degree.

Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, looks like a group of workers at an automobile factory. Certainly, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines.

One type of test is sometimes called an “objective” test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test, the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like answers to students who have not learned the material properly.

56. The main idea of Paragraph Three is that ___________ .

  A. workers now take examinations       B. the population has grown

  C. there are only written exams today     D. examinations are now written and timed

57. The kind of exams where students must select answers are ___________ .

  A. objective        B. personal        C. spoken       D. written

58. Modern industry must have developed ____________ .

  A. around the 19th century            B . before the Middle Ages

  C. in Greece or Rome                D. machines to take tests

59. It may be concluded that testing __________ .

  A. should test only opinions           B. should always be written

C. is given only in factories           D. has changed since the Middle Ages

第二部分：语言知识及运用（共两节，满分35分）

第一节：完形填空（共10小题；每小题2分, 满分20分）      

阅读下面短文，从各题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中选出最佳选项。

The guitar is one of the oldest instruments known to man. It   21   originated in the vicinity of (在……附近) China. There were guitars in ancient Egypt and Greece as well, but the   22   history of the guitar started in Spain in the 13th century. By 1500 the guitar was   23   in Italy, France, and Spain. A French document of that time   24   that many people were playing the guitar. Stradivarius, the famous king of violin makers, could not resist   25   a variety of guitars. Also, there was no lack of music written for the instrument. Haydn, Schubert, and others   26   guitar music. When Beethoven was asked to compose music for the guitar, he went into a rage(大怒) and   27  , but eventually even Beethoven could not ignore the   28  .Legend tells us he finally called the guitar a miniature orchestra. Indeed the guitar does   29   like a little orchestra! Perhaps that is why in rural areas around the world the guitar has been a source of   30   for millions to enjoy.

21. A. certainly             B. mainly                     C. probably           D. partly

22. A. written                      B. learned              C. found                D. spoken

23. A. acceptable           B. popular            C. familiar             D. available

24. A. predicted            B. warned              C. denied               D. recorded

25. A. destroying           B. accusing            C. creating             D. following

26. A. enjoyed                     B. wrote                C. accepted            D. commented

27. A. refused               B. accepted            C. failed                D. escaped

28. A. contribution        B. challenge           C. history                     D. suggestion

29. A. look                   B. feel                   C. taste                  D. sound

30. A. intelligence         B. energy                     C. music                D. spirit