第二节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

There are many American expressions that use parts of the body like the back, shoulders and even chest.

When I am facing a lot of  36  at work, my back and neck will start to hurt. I have too many things to do  37  my supervisor is on my back all the time. In other words, my employer is always telling me to do things.

Sometimes, I want my employer to get off nay 38 ! I want her to  39  criticizing me and making too many  40  on my time. I cannot say this, however. I would never turn my back on her and   41   to help when there is a need. If I did refuse to help, my supervisor might say  42   things about me behind my back. She might  43  me when I am not present. This would surely be a stab (暗箭) in the back. It is never kind to unfairly  44  or say bad things about other people.

I know that my employer carries a lot on her shoulders. She is  45  for many things at the office. And because she is so important, she sometimes gets to rub shoulders with the top officials. She gets to   _46  time with some very important people. 1 believe the top official  47  my supervisor. He  48_   gives her file cold shoulder.  49  he always treats her like she is an  50  part of the organization.

I also value my supervisor. In fact, I think she is very effective in her job. Of course, I could  51_   my opinion at the top of my lungs, or as  52  as I possibly could. It might even feel good to get my emotions off my  53 . It is always helpful to tell people how you  54  so that your emotions do not   _55  you.

36, A. pleasure               B. pressure                  C. promotion                D. power

37. A. before          B. because            C. though                   D. unless

38. A. back          B, shoulders           C. chest               D. job

39. A, continue       B. finish              C. stop              D. miss

40. A, interests         B. profits            C. demands          D. changes

41. A. agree           B. like                C. offer               D. refuse

42. A. important        B. valuable            C. bad              D. boring

43. A. praise          B, attract            C. call               D. criticize

44. A. harm           B, believe             C. ignore              D. trouble

45. A. reasonable        B. responsible        C. required           D. resistant

46. A. spare            B. speed               C. spend               D. spread

47. A. values           B. understands         C. challenges         D. responds

48. A. always          B. never                    C. often             D. sometimes

49. A. However        B. Similarly                 C. Eventually                D. Instead

50. A. important        B. individual         C. inspiring          D. interactive

51. A. tell             B. yell                C. explain             D. scold

52. A. softly           B. eagerly              C. loudly              D. secretly

53. A. heart               B. chest             C. mind             D. hand

54. A. feel             B. go               C. think             D. act

55. A. support         B. protect             C. comfort            D. trouble

第二节 完形填空 （共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21-40各题所给的4个（A、B、C、D）选项中，选出最佳选项。

    A man was cleaning his car with a special brush when a little girl who had been ___21___ him said, “My daddy has a brush like that to clean his car too.” “Really?” said the man. “What kind of ___22___ does your daddy have?” The little girl answered, “Oh, he hasn’t got a car yet, ___23___ he’s got the brush to clean it.”

   Well, I suppose you have to start ___24___! The important thing is that you do ___25___. And to do that, we first have to decide what kind of life we want. It’s ___26___ that many of us want to live forever, when we can’t even decide what to do with our life now! Like the guy who said, “I’m going to ___27___ putting things off, starting tomorrow.”

   You see, ___28___ others have made decisions for you, you can still decide ___29___ you’ll respond and handle the life that’s been handed to you. You still have ___30___ of your own attitudes. Happiness is an attitude and choice, no matter what ___31___ you’re in. Remember, you can always find someone ___32___ than you who you can help. It’s only when we stop looking at our own problems and ___33___ to make others happy that we ourselves can be ___34___ happy. But if you choose not to make a decision, that also is your decision you’ll ___35___. There are many smart, talented people who have never enjoyed the ___36___ they could have, because they could not make a decision and discipline themselves to follow through with it.

   Remember, if your life doesn’t ___37___, it’s going to stay the same! It’s that simple. So to move on ___38___ where you are, you must first decide where you’d ___39___ be. If you can’t change your mind, you can’t change your life. The great writer Tolstoy said, “Everyone wants to change the world, but no one wants to change ___40___.” So ask yourself right now: What’s the decision I need to make to change my life? Just think a minute…

21. A. noticing        B. watching            C. glaring                  D. observin

22. A. car                      B. life                   C. brush             D. view

23. A. however             B. as                         C. but                   D. while

24. A. everywhere      B. somewhere        C. anywhere          D. nowhere

25. A. help                   B. work              C. finish             D.start

26. A. impossible          B. natural                  C. strange              D. likely

27. A. stop                    B. start                  C. avoid             D. continue

28. A. in case                B. even if                  C. now that            D. only if

29. A. how                   B. why                  C. what                 D. that

30. A. power                 B. control                  C. authority           D. sense

31. A. situation             B. condition           C. case                  D. surrounding

32. A. better off            B. worse off          C. more difficult    D. much easier

33. A. give out                     B. leave out           C. go out            D. reach out

34. A. truly                   B. fully                 C. just                   D. simply

35. A. agree with           B. live with           C. start with           D. end with

36. A. success               B. idea                  C. work              D. challenge

37. A. appear                B. regain            C. change                  D. preserve

38. A. with                   B. from                 C. to                         D. until

39. A. rather                 B. quite              C. hardly            D. just

40. A. yourself                     B. herself                  C. itself              D. himself

We are bothered that the kids aren’t old enough but we’ll be more  1  when they  are．After that we’re  2  that we have teenagers to deal with．We will 3  be happy when they are out of that stage．

We always tell ourselves that our life will be  4   when our spouse（配偶）gets his or her act together, when we get a nice car, and are able to go on a nice vocation when we   5  ．The truth is，there’s no better time than 6  ．If not now, when? Our life will always be filled with  7  ．It's best to admit this to ourselves and decide to be happy   8 　．

One of my  9  quotes comes from Alfred Souza．He said “for a long time it had  Seemed to me that life was about to begin—real life．But there was always some  10 in the way, something to be  11  first, some unfinished business，time still to be served，a debt to be paid．’’

Then life would begin．12  ，it dawned on me that these obstacles were my life．This perspective has helped me to see that there is no   13  to happiness．Happiness is the way．So  14  every moment that you have．

And remember that  15  waits for no one．So  16  waiting until you finish schoo1．until you go back to school；until you get married，until you get  17  ；until you have kids；until you retire；until you get a new car or home；until spring；Until you are  18   again to decide that there is no better time than right now to be happy．

Happiness is a journey，not a（n）  19  ．So，work like you don’t need money，love like you’ve never been hurt,  20  dance like no one’s watching．

1．A．unhappy             B．content             C．upset                 D．enthusiastic

2．A．confused            B．determined        C．annoyed            D．amazed

3．A．fortunately         B．deliberately       C．surprisingly        D．certainly

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4．A．complete            B．ruined              C．broken              D．reasonable

5．A．refresh               B．work                C．retire                D．complain

6．A．ever                   B．before              C．right now          D．future

7．A．fancies               B．happiness         C．doubts              D．challenges

8．A．anyway              B．presently          C．occasionally       D．immediately

9．A．primary              B．favorite            C．personal            D．pessimistic

10．A．expectation       B．success            C．conflict             D．obstacle

11．A．gotten round    B．gotten down    C．gotten away       D．gotten through

12．A．Eventually        B．Abruptly           C．Regularly           D．Frequently

13．A．problem           B．way                 C．good                 D．need

14．A．admire             B．remember         C．treasure             D．appreciate

15．A．happiness         B．time                 C．1ife                   D．work

16．A．stop                 B．start                 C．keep                  D．continue

17．A．changed           B．divorced           C．tired                  D．discouraged

18．A．relaxed             B．delighted           C．born                  D．forced

19．A．experience        B．approach          C．suspicion           D．destination

20．A．and                  B．but                   C．nevertheless      D．yet

Bonus（奖金） culture has become the subject of many studies nowadays. Many people have been angered by the way some bankers and high officials seem to have been rewarded for failure. Others find the idea of offering many-million-dollar bonuses morally disgusting.

But few have asked whether performance-related bonuses really do improve performance. The answer seems so obvious that even to ask the question can appear ridiculous. Indeed, in spite of all the complaints about them, financial encouragements continue to be introduced in more and more areas, from healthcare and public services to teaching and universities.

So it may come as a shock to many to learn that paying for results can actually make people perform badly in many circumstances, and that the more you pay, the worse they perform.

No one is arguing that bonuses can help companies and institutions attract and keep the best staff. Nor does anyone argue against the idea that you can encourage people to do specific tasks by linking payments to those tasks. Rather, the point is about how to get the best out of people. Do employees really perform better if you promise to pay them more for getting results?

There are some obvious reasons why such payments can fail. It has been argued, for instance, that cash bonuses contributed to the financial crash, because traders had little enthusiasm to make sure that their companies enjoyed long-term survival.

Most bonus projects are poorly designed, says Professor Malcolm Higgs. He thinks the reason is that organizations try to keep bonus arrangements simple. Nevertheless, he thinks bonus projects can work as long as they link the interests of individual employees with the long-term goals of a business.

Bonuses can also encourage cheating. “Once you start making people’s rewards dependent on outcomes rather than behaviors, the evidence is people will do whatever they can to get those outcomes,” says Professor Edward Deci. “In many cases the high officials simply lied and cheated to make the stock (股票) price go up so they got huge bonuses.”

But the work of Deci and others suggests the problem with bonuses runs far deeper than poor design or cheating. In 1971, he asked students to solve puzzles, with some receiving cash prizes for doing well and others getting nothing. Deci found those offered cash were less likely to keep working on puzzles after they had done enough to get paid.

These studies suggest that offering rewards can stop people doing things for the pure joy of it. This was the basis for a series of books by Kohn in which he argues that rewarding children, students and workers with grades, scholarships and other “bribes” (贿赂) leads to low-quality work in the long run.

Those who believe in the power of bonuses fail to distinguish between inner drive and outside pressure — wanting to do something because you like it for itself in contrast to doing something because you want the reward, Kohn says. “It’s not just that these two are different, it’s often that the more you reward people for doing something, the more their inner drive tends to decline.”

A “do this and get that” approach might improve performance in the short term, but over longer periods it will always fail, Kohn says. People who receive bonus will naturally play safe, become less creative, cooperate less and feel less valued, he adds. What’s more, the studies also suggest that offering rewards can also stop people taking responsibility.

71. The effect of performance-related bonuses has not been well studied because people _______.

A. take the function of bonuses for granted

B. see that bonus offering is done everywhere

C. think financial encouragement is disgusting

D. are shocked by the practice of rewarding for failures

72. According to Malcolm Higgs, designs that _________ are the good ones.

A. drive people to finish short-term tasks

B. help to attract and keep good employees

C. link financial rewards with the quality of the outcomes

D. connect individual interests with long-term business goals

73. If a person plays safe to get a bonus, he is probably being ________.

A. more enthusiastic                   B. more risk-taking

C. less daring                              D. less responsible

74. Which of the following do you think the author would most probably agree with?

A. Companies should make their bonus projects simple.

B. The benefit of bonus helps to get the best out of people.

C. The biggest problem with bonus is it creates cheating.

D. Bonus offering can stop people doing things for pure joy.

75. Which do you think is the best title of the passage?

A. What Is Bonus?                           B. Does Bonus Work?

C. Why Bonus Offered?                   D. How Bonus Works?