不少句子表意方式与语序体现了英美人的思维习惯 [例1] Few students of the Far East doubted that Japan intended to use the opportunity offered by the plight of Russia and Britain to grab the oil she desperately needed. 译文:研究远东问题的人几乎都认为日本打算利用俄国和英国的困境来攫取它迫切需要的石油. 分析:英语中有一种表达法.即由于上下文的行文关系.或句子结构的平行关系.有时用一个表示人的身分职业的名词.如teacher, student, singer, translator等来表示一个动作.像本句中students of the Far East和students of geography的表层结构虽然一样.但深层结构完全不同.后者是表身分.可译为“地理专业的学生 .而前者是表动作.应译为“研究远东问题的人 . [例2] Cambridge University has nurtured great scientists, thinkers and poets such as Newton, Bacon, Milton, Byron and Darwin. 译文:剑桥大学培养出了诸如牛顿.培根.弥尔顿.拜伦.达尔文这样伟大的科学家.思想家和诗人. 分析:根据汉语习惯.列举事物.常常将一般的概念置于具体事例之后.而英语恰恰相反.先提出一般概念.而后用such as等词列举出具体事例.本句便是如此.所以翻译时.必须将数个列举的人物提前. Unit Two Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Text 1 For thousands of Canadians, bad service is neither make-believe nor amusing. It is an aggravating and worsening real-life phenomenon that encompasses behavior ranging from indifference and rudeness to naked hostility and even physical violence. Across the country, better business bureaus report a lengthening litany of complaints about contractors, car dealers, and repair shops, moving companies, airlines and department stores. There is almost an adversarial feeling between businesses and consumers. Experts say there are several explanations for ill feeling in the marketplace. One is that customer service was an early and inevitable casualty when retailers responded to brutal competition by replacing employees with technology such as 1-800 numbers and voice mail. Another factor is that business generally has begun placing more emphasis on getting customers than on keeping them. Still another is that strident, frustrated and impatient shoppers vex shop owners and make them even less hospitable-especially at busier times of the year like Christmas. On both sides, simple courtesy has gone by the board. And for a multitude of consumers, service went with it. The Better Business Bureau at Vancouver gets 250 complaints a week, twice as many as five years ago. The bureau then had one complaints counselor and now has four. People complain about being insulted, having their intelligence and integrity questioned, and being threatened. One will hear about people being hauled almost bodily out the door by somebody saying things like “I don't have to serve you! or “This is private property, get out and don't come back! What can customers do? If the bureau's arbitration process fails to settle a dispute, a customer's only recourse is to sue in claims court. But because of the costs and time it takes, relatively few ever do. There is a lot of support for the notion that service has, in part, fallen victim to generational change. Many young people regard retailing as just a bead-end job that you're just going to do temporarily on your way to a real job. Young clerks often lack both knowledge and civility. Employers have to train young people in simple manners because that is not being done at home. Salespeople today, especially the younger ones, have grown up in a television-computer society where they've interacted largely with machines. One of the biggest complaints from businesses about graduates is the lack of inter-personal skills. What customers really want is access. They want to get through when they call, they don't want busy signals, they don't want interactive systems telling them to push one for this and two for that-they don't want voice mail. And if customers do not get what they want, they defect. Some people go back to local small businesses: the Asian greengrocer, a Greek baker and a Greek fishmonger. They don't wear name tags, but one gets to know them, all by name.［490 words］ 1?At a business place of bad service, the worst one can get is. ［A］ indifference and rudeness ［B］ naked hostility and physical violence ［C］ having intelligence and integrity questioned ［D］ being insulted and threatened 2?One of the reasons for such ill feeling in the marketplace is that. ［A］ shoppers are usually strident, frustrated and impatient ［B］ shoppers often take businesses to court ［C］ businesses use new technology instead of employees ［D］ businesses try every means to get customers 3 What changes have taken place at Vancouver Better Service Bureau in the past five years? ［A］ More effective. ［B］ Less bureaucracy. ［C］ More business. ［D］ Better staff. 4?Young clerks often lack interpersonal skills chiefly because they ［A］are skilled in dealing with machines, not people ［B］ are not trained in simple manners at home ［C］ fall victims to generational change ［D］ take retailing to be a temporary job 5?The author's attitude towards businesses and bad service is . ［A］ attacking ［B］ understanding ［C］ regretting ［D］ warning 核心词汇 defect n.［C］ 缺陷.瑕疵,不足之处 例:All the cars are tested for defects before they leave the factory.所有汽车在出厂之前都要检查有无缺陷. vi. * to leave your own country or a group in order to go to or join an opposing one逃离,背叛.变节 例:She defected from the Liberals and joined the Socialists. 她脱离自由党.加入了社会党. encompass vt. ① to completely cover or surround sth. 覆盖,包围.环绕 例:a reservoir encompassed by mountains群山环绕的水库 *② 包含.包括 例:The course will encompass physics, chemistry and biology.课程将包括物理.化学和生物学. indifference n. *① lack of interest or concern不关心.不在乎 例:show indifference to personal affairs不计较个人的事 ② 不重要.无关紧要 例:a matter of indifference无关紧要的事,in?否定前缀.用于构成形容词和名词.表示“不.非.无 例:insensitive a.不敏感.inability n.没办法.没能力 make?believe n. ［U］ 由动词短语make believe变过来的复合名词.意为“假装.假扮.虚构 例:She told me that her parents are millionaires, but it?s all just make?believe.她告诉我她父母是百万富翁.但这一切都属子虚乌有. 超纲词汇 fishmonger n. 鱼贩.鱼商,monger n. 商人.贩子.如warmonger战争贩子 litany n.枯燥冗长的陈述 例:a litany of complaints喋喋不休的抱怨 recourse n. *① 求助.求援办法.手段 例:get over difficulties without recourse to outside help不求外援克服困难 ②追索权 strident a.刺耳的.尖锐的.不和谐的 长难句分析 One is that customer service was an early and inevitable casualty when retailers responded to brutal competition by replacing employees with technology such as 1-800 numbers and voice mail. 该句主干是One is that-.that 引导的是表语从句.其中又嵌套了一个复合句:主句是customer service was an casualty, 从句是when引导的时间状语从句. 语篇分析 本文题材涉及商业服务.作者对加拿大存在的劣质服务现象予以剖析.并呼吁商家改善对顾客的服务.它是一篇现象解释型文章.按照“指出现象-解释现象-提出解决方案 的脉络展开论述.可以分成三大部分. 第一段为第一部分.指出现象:劣质服务成为加拿大日益严重的社会问题(aggravating and worsening real?life phenomenon). 首句给出了文章要论述的话题以及作者对它的严肃态度(neither make?believe nor amusing).该段使用列举法.说明:①劣质服务的类型多样:从漠不关心.粗俗无礼到不加掩饰的恶意甚至身体暴力.②劣质服务涉及的行业众多(report a lengthening litany of complaints).末句指出劣质服务造成的后果:商家和消费者之间几乎产生了一种敌对的情绪. 【查看更多】
