LONDON (Reuters) — Children are dying for lack of drugs tailored to their needs, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), which launched a global campaign on Thursday to promote more research into child medicine.

More than half of the drugs currently used to treat children in the industrialized world have not been specifically tested on youngsters.

The problem is even worse in developing countries where price remains a major barrier and 6 million children die each year from treatable conditions.

In the case of HIV/AIDS, the few existing pediatric therapies（儿科的疗法）developed for children generally cost three times more than adult ones.

As a result, clinicians lack clear guidelines on the best drug to use and often have to guess at the correct dose.

Fortunately, the WHO has drawn up the first international List of Essential Medicines for Children, containing 206 products considered safe for children.

“But a lot remains to be done. There are priority medicines that have not been adapted for children’s use or are not available when needed,” said Dr Hans, the U.N. agency’s director of medicines policy and standards.

Medicines that need to be adapted to children’s needs include many antibiotics, pain drugs as well as combination pills for HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria.

The agency is building an Internet entrance linking to clinical trials carried out in children and will launch a Web site with the information early next year.

Testing medicines on children has always been a controversial issue, since good ethical（伦理的）practice requires informed agreement from people participating in clinical trials, which is difficult to obtain in the case of children.

As a result, research-based drug companies have been wary of developing child-friendly medicines and general companies have been slow to produce them at lower cost.

In an attempt to deal with the issue, both Europe and the United States now have special rules offering extended patent protection for drugs that have been tested on children.

1.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A．A Global Campaign to Promote Research into AIDS Medicine

B．WHO Says Children are Dying for Lack of Child-sized Drugs

C．Many People are Concerned about Children’s Drugs

D．Measures Taken to Develop Child-friendly Medicine Quickly

2.Which of the following medicine is not needed to be adapted to children’s need according to the passage?

A．Pain killers.        B．Tuberculosis       C．AID pills.          D．Flu pills.

3.Why has testing medicines on children always been a controversial issue?

A．It is against good ethical practice

B．Children shouldn’t take part in clinical trials.

C．It is hard to get informed agreement from children tested.

D．Parents don’t allow their children to be tested on medicine.

4.The underlined word “wary” in the last but one paragraph means _________.

A．fast              B．fond              C．cautious           D．uninterested

5.What can be inferred from the passage?

A．There is still a long way to go on children’s medicine.

B．An Internet entrance is being built to link to clinical trials carried out in children.

C．Both Europe and the United States now have special rules offering extended patent protection for children’s drugs.

D．Less than half of the drugs currently used to treat children in the industrialized world have not been specifically tested on youngsters

 

LONDON (Reuters) — Children are dying for lack of drugs tailored to their needs, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), which launched a global campaign on Thursday to promote more research into child medicine.

More than half of the drugs currently used to treat children in the industrialized world have not been specifically tested on youngsters.

    The problem is even worse in developing countries where price remains a major barrier and 6 million children die each year from treatable conditions.

In the case of HIV/AIDS, the few existing pediatric therapies（儿科的疗法）developed for children generally cost three times more than adult ones.

    As a result, clinicians lack clear guidelines on the best drug to use and often have to guess at the correct dose.

    Fortunately, the WHO has drawn up the first international List of Essential Medicines for Children, containing 206 products considered safe for children.

“But a lot remains to be done. There are priority medicines that have not been adapted for children’s use or are not available when needed,” said Dr Hans, the U.N. agency’s director of medicines policy and standards.

    Medicines that need to be adapted to children’s needs include many antibiotics, pain drugs as well as combination pills for HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria.

    The agency is building an Internet entrance linking to clinical trials carried out in children and will launch a Web site with the information early next year.

Testing medicines on children has always been a controversial issue, since good ethical（伦理的）practice requires informed agreement from people participating in clinical trials, which is difficult to obtain in the case of children.

    As a result, research-based drug companies have been wary of developing child-friendly medicines and general companies have been slow to produce them at lower cost.

In an attempt to deal with the issue, both Europe and the United States now have special rules offering extended patent protection for drugs that have been tested on children.

1.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A. A Global Campaign to Promote Research into AIDS Medicine

B. WHO Says Children are Dying for Lack of Child-sized Drugs

C. Many People are Concerned about Children’s Drugs

D. Measures Taken to Develop Child-friendly Medicine Quickly

2.Which of the following medicine is not needed to be adapted to children’s need according to the passage?

A. Pain killers.                     B. Tuberculosis.                   C. AID pills.              D. Flu pills.

3.Why has testing medicines on children always been a controversial issue?

A. It is against good ethical practice

B. Children shouldn’t take part in clinical trials.

C. It is hard to get informed agreement from children tested.

D. Parents don’t allow their children to be tested on medicine.

4.The underlined word “wary” in the last but one paragraph means _________.

A. fast                          B. fond              C. cautious            D. uninterested

5.What can be inferred from the passage? 

A. There is still a long way to go on children’s medicine.

B. An Internet entrance is being built to link to clinical trials carried out in children.

C. Both Europe and the United States now have special rules offering extended patent protection for adults’ drugs.

D. Less than half of the drugs currently used to treat children in the industrialized world have not been specifically tested on youngsters

 

完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

I had a friend who visited me from out of town and I wanted to show him the CN Tower. It was one of the tallest structures on the earth. So I thought it would offer a(n)   36  sight.

We were standing in line for 45minutes to enjoy the    37   up to the watch point. When we got there, we went around the   38     of the tower and saw the hard wire fence  39     to the structure serving as a barrier. We went back inside to look for the glass floor that provided a direct view   40     . As soon as both of us  41     , we stopped before walking onto it. We found that our legs began to   42  . I stopped for a minute considering the step, taking several seconds to   43     the edge before moving.

And then I had a thought in my mind：“It is far   44     compared to any other floor in this building. There is no real danger to me — it’s    45   an illusion. Look at all the people standing on it, and think about those who have stood on it before.”I began to  46     that step onto the glass floor. I didn’t look down —  47    not for a few minutes.

I walked on the    48   and looked around and thought about how  49   the experience was. I even found myself jumping up and down. There was no  50   , and it was certainly an illusion.

I considered how many things in our lives we  51    and exactly how many of them are actually illusions. I thought about all the things we   52    ourselves from doing because we have  53   ourselves into thinking there’s risk. I thought about all the things that I still have yet to do that appeared  54   . I was glad to discover that although fear isn’t a stranger to me, my desire to live a life without    55   has a much stronger pull.

1.                A．expressive      B．impressive      C．frightening    D．beneficial

 

2.                A．bus            B．ladder          C．car  D．elevator

 

3.                A．outside         B．top            C．center   D．surface

 

4.                A．connected      B．surrounded      C．referred  D．combined

 

5.                A．around         B．up             C．down D．out

 

6.                A．understood     B．approached     C．talked    D．returned

 

7.                A．wave          B．move          C．tremble  D．wander

 

8.                A．look over       B．think over       C．look up   D．think up

 

9.                A．tighter         B．taller           C．weaker   D．stronger

 

10.               A．happily         B．simply          C．greatly    D．relatively

 

11.               A．take           B．choose         C．decide    D．pick

 

12.               A．at most         B．at least         C．at last     D．at best

 

13.               A．fence          B．floor           C．edge D．tower

 

14.               A．grateful        B．useful          C．wonderful D．helpful

 

15.               A．death          B．warn           C．trouble    D．danger

 

16.               A．handle         B．ignore         C．fear  D．hide

 

17.               A．block          B．protect         C．help  D．separate

 

18.               A．forced         B．advised         C．entered   D．led

 

19.               A．amazing        B．worrying        C．exciting   D．interesting

 

20.               A．cost           B．doubt          C．regret D．waste

 

 

LONDON (Reuters) — Children are dying for lack of drugs tailored to their needs, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), which launched a global campaign on Thursday to promote more research into child medicine.

More than half of the drugs currently used to treat children in the industrialized world have not been specifically tested on youngsters.

The problem is even worse in developing countries where price remains a major barrier and 6 million children die each year from treatable conditions.

In the case of HIV/AIDS, the few existing pediatric therapies（儿科的疗法）developed for children generally cost three times more than adult ones.

As a result, clinicians lack clear guidelines on the best drug to use and often have to guess at the correct dose.

Fortunately, the WHO has drawn up the first international List of Essential Medicines for Children, containing 206 products considered safe for children.

“But a lot remains to be done. There are priority medicines that have not been adapted for children’s use or are not available when needed,” said Dr Hans, the U.N. agency’s director of medicines policy and standards.

Medicines that need to be adapted to children’s needs include many antibiotics, pain drugs as well as combination pills for HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria.

The agency is building an Internet entrance linking to clinical trials carried out in children and will launch a Web site with the information early next year.

Testing medicines on children has always been a controversial issue, since good ethical（伦理的）practice requires informed agreement from people participating in clinical trials, which is difficult to obtain in the case of children.

As a result, research-based drug companies have been wary of developing child-friendly medicines and general companies have been slow to produce them at lower cost.

In an attempt to deal with the issue, both Europe and the United States now have special rules offering extended patent protection for drugs that have been tested on children.

1.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A．A Global Campaign to Promote Research into AIDS Medicine

B．WHO Says Children are Dying for Lack of Child-sized Drugs

C．Many People are Concerned about Children’s Drugs

D．Measures Taken to Develop Child-friendly Medicine Quickly

2.Which of the following medicine is not needed to be adapted to children’s need according to the passage?

A．Pain killers.                            B．Tuberculosis.

C．AID pills.                              D．Flu pills.

3.Why has testing medicines on children always been a controversial issue?

A．It is against good ethical practice

B．Children shouldn’t take part in clinical trials.

C．It is hard to get informed agreement from children tested.

D．Parents don’t allow their children to be tested on medicine.

4.The underlined word “wary” in the last but one paragraph means _________.

A．fast              B．fond             C．cautious          D．uninterested

5.What can be inferred from the passage?

A．There is still a long way to go on children’s medicine.

B．An Internet entrance is being built to link to clinical trials carried out in children.

C．Both Europe and the United States now have special rules offering extended patent protection for children’s drugs.

D．Less than half of the drugs currently used to treat children in the industrialized world have not been specifically tested on youngsters

 

His dislike of the course may prove to be a(n) ______ barrier he cannot overcome.

A) biological           B) ideological        C) spiritual           D) psychological