第三部分　阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
　　Learners report two main difficulties in reading, which may be linked. There are too many unknown words and as a result reading is simply not a pleasure. For some students, even reading in their own language is a chore.
　　Having a wide vocabulary is essential to making sense of written language. Of course, this is a circular argument, because the more you read the more vocabulary you learn and the more words you know the more easily you can read. Don’t make the mistake of reading with your dictionary beside you, looking up every single new or doubtful word. This is laborious and prevents you from practicing the skill of prediction.
　　Sometimes in reading you find a word you know but the sense doesn’t seem to fit in. This is not surprising because words have so many meanings and degrees of meaning. What is more, part of their meaning is shaped by the words around them. Keep looking at the surrounding words and asking yourself “what sort of meaning would make sense here?”
　　The more that people study the reading process, the better they can pass on to language learners a range of advice to choose from. People have learned to read in all kinds of ways. Here is some information that could help you plan to be a better reader in the foreign language you are studying.
　　1）Work out the general meaning first
　　When people read in a new language they often feel they must take a detailed approach, focusing in every word, particularly those they don’t know. They read as if they were using a microscope, looking carefully at each of the small pieces（the individual words）, but not necessarily seeing the whole picture at first. This is called the “bottom-up” approach. Other readers try to look first at the big picture（the “top-down” approach）, attending to individual bricks only as necessary, a process that involves some intelligent guesswork. Generally this second approach is recommended by successful learners.
　　2）Interactive reading
　　Another way of thinking about reading is to describe it as an interactive process, where the text brings something to you and you bring something to the text. Readers bring together all their knowledge of the world with what they see on the page in front of them. That is why, when reading in our own language, we don’t need to read every word. We add meaning which is not actually stated.
　　3）From supported reading to independent reading
　　Language learners start by needing considerable support as they read. Textbooks supply this support in the form of introductions that summaries the contents, glossaries, pictures, explanations of new grammar points. In your reading you need to move gradually from this support to reading more the text itself.
51．According to the author, ________.
A．looking up the dictionary is of great help for the understanding
B．reading more promotes the gaining of vocabulary
C．the more you read，the clearer the meaning is
D．the amount of vocabulary is the key to reading
52．Successful learners recommend ________.
A．trying to look first at the big picture
B．looking carefully at each of the small pieces
C．focusing on every word
D．“bottom-up”approach
53．The word “chore” in the first paragraph maybe means ________.
A．an important aspect
B．a difficult and tiring thing
C．an easy question
D．something special
54．You come across a new or doubtful word when you are reading, you can ________.
A．just miss it and let it be
B．keep looking at the surrounding words
C．look it up in the dictionary each time
D．make sense of it with the help of dictionary

There were smiling children all the way. Clearly they knew at what time the train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway, were to complete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towards Penage. Often whole families stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those on the trains were their favorite relatives. This is the simple village people of Malaysia.I was moved.
I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train.I did not particularlf relish the long train joumey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar I sighed and sat down to read my Economics
It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia. Johore Baru was just another city like Singapore, so I was tired of looking at the crowds of people as they hurried past. As we went beyond the city, I watched the straight rows of rubber trees and miles and miles of green. Then the first village came into sight. Immediately I came alive, I decided to wave back.
From then on my joumey became imeresting.I threw my magazine into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life.Then everything came alive.The mountains seemed to speak to me.Even the trees were smiling.I stared t everything as if I was looking at it for the first time.
The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry. I looked at my wat ch and was surprised that it was 3:00 pm.Soon the train pulled up at Butterworth I looked at the people all around me.They all looked beautiful. When my uncle arrive with, I threw my around him to give him a warm hug.I had never done this before. He seemed surprised and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with a huge smile. We walked arm in arm to his car.
I looked forward to the return journey.
1.The author expected the train trip to be__________.
A. adventurous        B. pleasnt              C. exciting             D. dull
2.What did the author remember most fondly of her train trip?
A. The friendly country people.
B. The mountains along the way.
C. The crowds of people in the streets.
D. The simple lunch served on the train.
3.Which of the following words can best take the place of the word“relish”in the second paragraph?
A. choose                       B. enjoy                       C. prepare for               D. carry on
4.Where was the writer going?
A. Johore Baru.              B. The Causeway.     C. Bunerworth.            D. Singapore.
5.What can we learn from the story?
A. Comfort in traveling by train.
B. Pleasure of living in the country.
C. Reading gives people delight.
D. Smiles brighten people up.

Many people go to school for a good education . They learn languages ,history ,maths and other lessons . School education is very important and useful . Yet no one can learn everything from school . No matter how much a teacher knows , he cannot teach his students everything they want to know . His work is to show his students how to learn . He teaches them how to read and how to think . So , much more is to be learned outside school by the students themselves .
It is always more important to know how to study by oneself . It is quite easy to learn something in a language or a formula in maths , but it is difficult to use a formula in finding the answer to a maths problem . Great inventors do not get everything from school but they can invent many things and change the world a lot . Though Thomas Edison invented many things he didn’t have much school education . How do they do all these ? Because they know how to study . A lot of things are not taught in the classroom . They get knowledge from books outside school . They work hard all their lives , and the most important thing is that they know how to use their head .
31. What do many people go to school for ?
A. To make friends                  B. To get everything
C. To get a good education            D. To study by themselves
32. What should a student learn to do from school ?
A. Try to remember more knowledge and formulas .
B. Try to learn how to read and how to think . 
C. Try to remember what the teachers teach .
D. Try to invent the world .
33. How can an inventor invent things ? The most important thing is how
to         .
A. be a great inventor                B. study by himself
C. use his head well                  D. remember what he’s been taught
34. The word formula in this passage means          .
A. 数学题       B. 公式        C. 几何图形        D. 数学用表
35. Which of the following shows the most important idea of this passage ?
A. School education is important for a person .  
B. A student can not learn everything from school .
C. A student should learn how to remember a formula .
D. Inventors can invent things and change the world a lot .

I love secondhand books far more than new ones! I especially like books that someone else has gone through first. It’s a kind of connection — and an experience of wondering exactly who has been there before…I don’t mind god-eared （折角的）corners；I don’t mind the coffee stain—who cares? Indeed, I don’t even mind the comments at the edge.  
If it were an orginal classic, then the book would be of some importance. But the fact that its pages have been read and probably loved by dozens of people since it was produced is incredible, fascinating and wonderful. Just think — you can find old books that were touched by people in the nineteen fifties. That is interesting, as those people would probably have just come through World War Ⅱ.
But books from the 20s and 30s are even more wonderful to touch. Was it an old lady who poured over my aging Dodi Smith paperback that I found in a secondhand bookshop?
I once sat in the British Library reading books published in the 17th century, touching them, and the excitement was considerable. Imagine — these are books that people read, touched , and wrote comments about hundreds of years ago. Who have touched these books? What were they wearing? What was their work? How did the books make them think?
Now you see— I am just a woman who likes to explore the past. I like anything except the new. Who wants new things? The smell of the chemicals, the sense of being mass-produced…
No! No!
46. We can know that when the writer reads a second-hand book, she usually__________.
A. cleans the coffee stain         B. writes comments at the edge
C. wonders who has read it before  D. only reads the comments written by others
47. According to Paragraph 2, what does the writer find fascinating?
A. The economic value of an original classic.
B. The fact that many old books are about World War Ⅱ.
C. The fact that many people like reading what she likes reading.
D. The fact that a book has been read and loved by many people.
48. The underlined part “Dodi Smith paperback” in Paragraph 3 refers to “ ______”.
A. an old lady         B. a book by Dodi Smith
C. a famous writer      D. a secondhand bookshop
49. After reading the passage, we know that the writer __________.
A. only buys books with dog-eared corners
B. seldom looks back on her past
C. likes the smell of new books
D. doesn’t like things mass-produced today 
50. What is this passage mainly about?
A. The advantages of reading old books.
B. Some of the writer’s strange hobbies.
C. The writer’s love for secondhand books.
D. What the writer does in her spare time.

Johann Gutenberg, who worked as a goldsmith (金匠), took what had already been discovered, and created a small invention that changed history. He created a machine that allowed him to move small blocks of letters in such a way that written material could be printed and mass-produced. Few people could read before Guttenberg made the invention, but once books became less expensive, more Europeans could read and write.
Block printing existed long before Gutenberg. The Chinese had been using wood blocks to print books as early as 868, but a new set of woodcuts (木刻印版) had to be made for each book. Producing one book was not easy; producing all kinds of books was more difficult.
Writing ink dates from about 2500 BC in Egypt and China. Gutenberg used an oil-based printing ink that would last longer than other inks used in his time. We don’t know much about Gutenberg because he was not famous during his lifetime. He was born in Germany about 1400. In 1448, Gutenberg developed signatures for each number, letter, and punctuation mark (标点符号). He then built the molds (模型) to hold the signatures in place. Gutenberg published the first mass-produced book: a 1,282 page Bible. To this day, more copies of the Bible have been printed than any other book.
Copies of Gutenberg’s invention spread throughout Europe, but the German goldsmith did not get rich from his invention. Some officials denounced the invention of printing because they feared that it would spread bad ideas. By 1500 there were 1,700 printing presses in Europe. The presses had already produced about 20 million volumes (册) of 40,000 different books.
【小题1】What happened after Johann Gutenberg’s invention?