At present, in many American cities especially, many teachers in the public schools say they are underpaid. They point to jobs such as secretary or truck driver, which often pay more to start than that of a teacher. In many other fields, such as law, medicine, computer science, a beginning worker may make more than a teacher who has taught for several years.

       Teaching has never been a profession that attracted people interested in high salaries. It is by history a profession that has provided rewards in addition to money—the satisfaction of sharing knowledge, of influencing others, of guiding young people. But in the past several years, there are more difficulties in teaching, for many, than there are rewards.

    Unruly students, especially in big cities, large classes and a lack of support from the public in terms of money and understanding have led many public school teachers to leave the profession.

       As a result, many of the best students, who would have chosen teaching as their life career in the past, are going into other fields.

       Another reason for this change in teacher candidates is the changing status of women in the United States. Until the late 1960s and 1970s, one of the most popular choices for women was teaching. But as other professions, such as law and medicine opened up to women, women stopped pouring into teacher training programs. Thus, a major pool of excellent candidates for the teaching profession dwindled.

       Bit by bit government officials and others realized that the status of the teacher had suffered. They talked about change. But the change in a vast society like the United States is not easy. People’s attitudes have formed over many years, and sometimes change takes many years.

The underlined word “that” in Paragraph 1 refers to “      ”.

       A．money      B．job       C．secretary D．truck driver

What is the present situation of the teaching?

       A．Teachers work harder and get underpaid.

       B．Teachers have no opportunities to work in other fields.

       C．Teaching can attract best students to work as a teacher.

       D．Teaching can provide rewards as well as high salaries.

Many public school teachers turn to other professions because        .

       A．the government doesn’t financially support them

       B．they have to work longer hours than a lawyer

       C．their students refuse to listen to them

The author believes that change in teachers’ status in the United States       .

       A．is not great             B．is impossible

       C．influences people’s attitude            D．needs time

第II卷（非选择题，共40分）

第三部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节：短文改错（共10小题,每小题1分，满分10分）

下面短文中共有10处语言错误，请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。

注意：

1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Nowadays many graduates are looking forward to obtain jobs in big cities, not willing to work in the countryside．That’s because it is hard for them to find jobs．In fact, there are no enough chances to satisfy the most of the job hunters in big cities while in the countryside talented people are bad needed and a lot of position are waiting for them．Rural areas were a vast world, when they can put their abilities to good use．Therefore, the college students should have the right attitude towards them and the jobs．I believe they can have as bright future in the country as they have in the city．

 

In most situations, light helps us see. But when it comes to looking at the night sky, light is actually a kind of pollution. It prevents our view of some of life’s most striking sights: stars, planets, and even galaxies.
“When I was a little boy, I loved the night sky. I remember looking up and the sky was filled with stars. I became an astronomer because I was amazed by their beauty,” says Robert gent, “Now in most big cities kids can’t see the stars like I did.”
Normally, about 2,500 individual stars are visible to the naked eye without using any special equipment. But because of light pollution, you actually see just 200 to 300 and fewer than a dozen from some cities. Only one in three Americans can see our own galaxy (星系) with the naked eye. Those people live far away from the lights of big cities, office building, and shopping malls.
Fortunately, there’s an inexpensive and useful way. If we shine lights down at the ground instead of up into the sky, and use lower brightness levels, we can save big amounts of energy and keep the beauty of the night skies. Many cities and towns have passed laws limiting lights at night, making sure enough shine for safety without creating much light pollution.
Light pollution affects more than our view of the heavens and can harm wildlife. Migrating (迁移) birds sometimes fly over cities and become confused by the brightness, flying in circles until they drop from exhaustion. Sea turtles need dark beaches for nesting and won’t approach bright lights. Too much light at night may even affect human health. For all these reasons, researchers are working on ways to use light only when and where they are truly needed. Everyone deserves to look up at the sky.
【小题1】According to the text, using our naked eyes, ______________.

A．people in remote areas can see more stars than those in big cities

B．over one third Americans can see our own galaxy

C．about one in three Americans in big cities can see our own galaxy

D．Americans can only see 200 to 300 stars

【小题2】Many cities and towns have passed laws limiting lights at night mainly to _________.

A．save the electricity	B．make sure of cities’ safety
C．let you count the number of stars	D．avoid much light pollution

【小题3】In how many ways will the light pollution do harm?

A．One

B．Two

C．Three

D．Four

【小题4】The underlined word “exhaustion” in the last paragraph means “_________”.

A．air pollution

B．tiredness

C．breath

D．brightness

When sailors are allowed ashore after a long time at sea, they sometimes get drunk and cause trouble. For this reason, the navy ___1___ has its police in big ports. Whenever sailors cause trouble, the police come and ___2___ them.

One day, the police in a big seaport received a telephone call ___3___ a bar in the town. The barman said that a big sailor had got drunk and ___4___ the furniture in the bar. The officer in charge of the police guard that evening said that he would come immediately.

Now, officers who ___5___ and punish the sailors ___6___ drunk usually chose ___7___ policeman they could find to go with them. ___8___ this particular officer did not do this. ___9___, he chose the smallest and ___10___ man he could find to go to the bar with him and ___11___ the sailor.

Another officer who ___12___ there was surprised when he saw the officer of the guard chose such a small man. ___13___ he said to him, “Why ___14___ you take a big man with you? You have to fight the sailor who ___15___.”

“Yes, you are ___16___ right,” answered the officer of the guard. “That is exactly ___17___ I am taking this small man. If you see two policemen coming ___18___ you, and one is ___19___ the other, which one ___20___ you attack?”

1. A. always           B. seldom          C. forever             D. sometimes

2. A. meet with         B. deal with          C. see               D. judge

3. A. about             B. from             C. in                    D. of

4. A. was breaking     B. was ordering           C. was moving       D. was dusting

5. A. would go        B. might beat       C. dared to fight     D. had to go

6. A. slightly           B. not at all          C. heavily           D. much more

7. A. the biggest         B. the youngest      C. the bravest          D. the experienced

8. A. In fact            B. But              C. So               D. And

9. A. Instead           B. Therefore        C. Although          D. Then

10. A. good-looking       B. weakest-looking   C. ugly-looking      D. strongest-looking

11. A. seize             B. kill                C. get rid of              D. catch up with

12. A. will go          B. had come         C. would start off      D. happened to be

13. A. Yet                   B. But               C. So              D. Then

14. A. don’t            B. couldn’t           C. can’t             D. do

15. A. looks strong     B. is drunk            C. seems rude       D. is dangerous

16. A. all              B. very              C. too             D. quite

17. A. how             B. what             C. why                  D. that

18. A. up             B. at                C. before           D. towards

19. A. not smaller than   B. as big as          C. as small as          D. much smaller than

20. A. could            B. will                C. do              D. can

Japan's 24-hour convenience stores, already struggling with lagging sales and growth, may soon face yet another threat - moves to limit business hours and close the stores late at night. The district of Saitama, which borders Tokyo, may follow in the footsteps of the western city of Kyoto and urge convenience stores to close during late night hours in an effort to limit carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）emissions, Japanese media reported.

 Kyoto, a former capital, wants to persuade convenience and other 24-hour stores to close late at night so as to improve evening views of the city and cut down on energy use. The Nikkei business daily said closures could last from 11 p.m. to 7 a.m. The move is strongly opposed by the industry, which fears a bad impact on an already troubled sector also grappling with the specter of a higher tobacco tax, which could hit overall sales.

 "Even if we only operate the stores for 16 hours, we can't stop the refrigerators," said Toshiro Yamaguchi, the president of Seven-Eleven Japan Co, which is owned by Seven & I Holdings Co Ltd, at a news conference in Saitama on Tuesday. He said such cuts in operating hours would reduce each store's profit by 20 percent. "If this happens, our current business model will lose its foundation."

 Analysts said that while it is difficult to estimate the potential impact of the move without a concrete plan, their overall impression was that it was likely to be negative. "This could cut profits and lead to less efficient operations and the increased loss of opportunities," said Masafumi Shoda, an analyst at Nomura Securities. "But it depends on the store -- urban stores do better than others. There are some in the countryside that are inefficient."

 Some have suggested that if governments were sincere about reducing carbon emissions there were much more efficient methods, such as cutting back on the huge number of automatic vending machines（自动售货机）

Which of the followings was the first to try to limit convenience store hours?

 A. Saitama           B. Tokyo C. Kyoto D. Nomura Security

What's the main goal of the proposal?

  A. To give employees more free time.

  B. To limit carbon dioxide emissions.

  C. To sell more tobacco products.

  D. To reduce each store’s profit.

How's the convenience store sector doing in Japan?

 A. It is not mentioned.    B. It's doing great. Business is booming.

 C. Not very well.        D. It’s about to close.

According to the passage, which convenience stores are generally more successful?

 A. The ones in big cities.     B. The ones in the countryside.

 C. The ones in Tokyo.       D. The ones in Saitama.

According to the convenience store industry, what impact would closing for the night have on a typical store?

  A. It could cause a 10% increase in sales.

  B. Its effect would be maximal. It would close soon.

  C. Its effect would be minimal. People would simply shop earlier.

  D. It could cause a 20% decrease in profits.