??In many businesses, computers have largely replaced paperwork, because they are fast, effective（高效的）, and do not make mistakes．As one banker said, “Unlike humans, computers never have a bad day.” And they are honest.

??Many banks advertise that their work is “untouched by human hands” and therefore safe from human attack. Computers have no reason to steal money. But they also have no sense, and the growing number of computer crimes (犯罪) shows they can be used to steal.

??Computer criminals don’t use guns. And even if they are caught, it is hard to punish them because there are no witness (证人) and often no proof (证据). A computer cannot remember who used it and simply does what it is told. The head teller(出纳) at a New York City bank used a computer to steal more than one and a half billion dollars in just four years. No one noticed this because he moved the money from someone else’s account (帐目)．This man was caught only because he was a gambler (赌徒). When the police broke up a gambling group, his name was in the records.

??Some workers use the computer’s power to get revenge（报复）on bosses they consider unfair. Recently, a large company fired its computer assistant (助手) for reasons that were connected with her personal rather than her professional（职业的）life. She was given thirty days’ notice. In those thirty days, she got rid of all the company’s computerized records.

??Most computer criminals have been workers in low position. Now police wonder if this is “the tip of the iceberg（冰山）”. As one of the officials says, “I have a feeling that there are more crimes out there than we are catching. What we are seeing now is all so poorly done. I wonder what the real experts are doing — the ones who really know how a computer works.”

69. Which character of computers makes computer crimes possible﹖

A. Computers are fast, effective and exactly correct．

B. Computers always feel good．

C. Computers have no sense．

D. Computers are honest．

70. It is hard to catch computer criminals because_________．

A. computers forget who used them

B. computer criminals seldom bear witness or leave proof

C. computer criminals don’t use guns

D. computers simply do what they are told

71. A certain head teller(出纳) at a New York bank was caught when _________．

A. his name was found in gambling records

B. he was replacing the missing money from someone else’s account

C. a customer (顾客) questioned the balance in his account

D. a customer asked the police for help

72. Which is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Computers can be used to steal．

B. Sometimes, computers can be used to punish somebody．

C. We need someone who knows computer very well．

D. Computers can do the things it is told．

C

??In many businesses, computers have largely replaced paperwork, because they are fast, effective（高效的）, and do not make mistakes．As one banker said, “Unlike humans, computers never have a bad day.” And they are honest.

??Many banks advertise that their work is “untouched by human hands” and therefore safe from human attack. Computers have no reason to steal money. But they also have no sense, and the growing number of computer crimes (犯罪) shows they can be used to steal.

??Computer criminals don’t use guns. And even if they are caught, it is hard to punish them because there are no witness (证人) and often no proof (证据). A computer cannot remember who used it and simply does what it is told. The head teller(出纳) at a New York City bank used a computer to steal more than one and a half billion dollars in just four years. No one noticed this because he moved the money from someone else’s account (帐目)．This man was caught only because he was a gambler (赌徒). When the police broke up a gambling group, his name was in the records.

??Some workers use the computer’s power to get revenge（报复）on bosses they consider unfair. Recently, a large company fired its computer assistant (助手) for reasons that were connected with her personal rather than her professional（职业的）life. She was given thirty days’ notice. In those thirty days, she got rid of all the company’s computerized records.

??Most computer criminals have been workers in low position. Now police wonder if this is “the tip of the iceberg（冰山）”. As one of the officials says, “I have a feeling that there are more crimes out there than we are catching. What we are seeing now is all so poorly done. I wonder what the real experts are doing — the ones who really know how a computer works.”

69. Which character of computers makes computer crimes possible﹖

A. Computers are fast, effective and exactly correct．

B. Computers always feel good．

C. Computers have no sense．

D. Computers are honest．

70. It is hard to catch computer criminals because_________．

A. computers forget who used them

B. computer criminals seldom bear witness or leave proof

C. computer criminals don’t use guns

D. computers simply do what they are told

71. A certain head teller(出纳) at a New York bank was caught when _________．

A. his name was found in gambling records

B. he was replacing the missing money from someone else’s account

C. a customer (顾客) questioned the balance in his account

D. a customer asked the police for help

72. Which is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Computers can be used to steal．

B. Sometimes, computers can be used to punish somebody．

C. We need someone who knows computer very well．

D. Computers can do the things it is told．

Some years ago, a Miami woman walking through an office building noticed two men standing together. Several minutes after her leaving, the men murdered a person working in the building. The police determined that the woman was the only witness and could possibly describe them. However, her memory of the men proved disappointingly unclear. Several days later, psychologist Ronald Fisher was brought in to obtain a more complete account from the woman. His interview produced a breakthrough—the woman reported a clear picture of one of the suspects. The important information enabled the police to arrest the suspect and close the case.

The police asked Fisher for help because of his rich knowledge in cognitive interview, a kind of memory-rebuilding process. Memory researchers have found that people trying to remember a past event often only recall(回忆) part of the relevant information. Human memory is selective and it is often distorted by stress. But a person’s accurate recall of an event or understanding of a question can be improved using specific interviewing techniques. The “cognitive interview” was developed in the late 1990s. It encourages the witness to take an active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone else’s questions. The witness first describes what happened in his or her own words, with no interviewer interruptions. The interviewer then goes further with specific techniques, such as having the witness tell the details of what happened from different perspectives (角度).

The cognitive interview focuses on guiding witnesses through four general recalling techniques: thinking about physical surroundings and personal feelings that existed at the time of past events; reporting everything that comes to mind about those events, no matter how broken it is; retelling events in a variety of time orders, such as from beginning to end, end to beginning, forward or backward; and adopting different perspectives while recalling events.

Experiments with police detectives trained in this demanding interview method find that they obtain nearly 50% more information from witnesses than before training, while error rates remain about the same. It is proved that cognitive interviews are quite important tools in improving the accuracy and completeness of witness testimony (证词). 

1.The purpose of the passage is to ______.

A. give an account of a murder case

B. introduce an idea of cognitive interview

C. prove Fisher was an expert in cognitive interview

D. help a witness to recall information in a cognitive interview

2.What is required to recall in a cognitive interview for a witness?

A. The exact time at which a murder took place.

B. The information about the event in the time order.

C. The important things that come to his or her mind.

D. The surroundings and feelings at the time of the event.

3.The key point in a cognitive interview is that ______.

A. the witness is encouraged to take part in recalling information

B. the interviewer should interrupt the witness from time to time

C. the interview should take place outside the police station

D. the witness should recall details at the scene of the event