题目列表(包括答案和解析)
文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(??),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
At a party, it is quite normal of someone to have a short conversation with you and then go
on to talking with other people! Don't think they dislike you and that they are impolite. It was
the custom at many parties in Britain, particularly there people are standing up rather than
sitting down. Here are ways of finishing conversation at a party. "Excuse me. I think I'll go and
get another drinking. See you later." "Oh. Excuse me. I've just seen Mary Jennings over here.
I've got to discuss a meeting we are having in Thursday. Would you excuse me and for a
moment?"
文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(ˆ),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
At a party, it is quite normal of someone to have a short conversation with you and then go
on to talking with other people! Don't think they dislike you and that they are impolite. It was
the custom at many parties in Britain, particularly there people are standing up rather than
sitting down. Here are ways of finishing conversation at a party. "Excuse me. I think I'll go and
get another drinking. See you later." "Oh. Excuse me. I've just seen Mary Jennings over here.
I've got to discuss a meeting we are having in Thursday. Would you excuse me and for a
moment?"
文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(?),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
At a party, it is quite normal of someone to have a short conversation with you and then go
on to talking with other people! Don’t think they dislike you and that they are impolite. It was
the custom at many parties in Britain, particularly there people are standing up rather than
sitting down. Here are ways of finishing conversation at a party. "Excuse me. I think I’ll go and
get another drinking. See you later." "Oh. Excuse me. I’ve just seen Mary Jennings over here.
I’ve got to discuss a meeting we are having in Thursday. Would you excuse me and for a
moment?"
At a party, it is quite normal of someone to have | 76. |
a short conversation with you and then, go on to talking | 77. |
to other people! Don't think they dislike you or they | 78. |
are impolite. It has the custom at many parties | 79. |
in | 80. |
than sitting down. Here are two ways of finishing conversation | 81. |
at a party." Excuse me. I think I'll go and get another drinking. | 82. |
See you later, perhaps?" "Oh. Excuse me. I've just seen | 83. |
Mary Jennings over here. I've got to discuss a meeting we | 84. |
are been having on Thursday. Would you excuse me for a moment?" | 85. |
When I met him,I had a lot of anger inside of me.I’ve lived my whole life in Spanish Harlem,but in my neighborhood,there are shoot-ups all the time.I know kids who have been shot or beaten up.I have friends who ended up in prison.I could have ended up that way,too,but Mr.Clark wouldn’t let that happen.
Mr.Clark worked long hours,making sure I did my work.My grades rose.In fact,the scores of our whole class rose.One day,he took our class to see The Phantom of the Opera,and it was the first time some kids had ever been out of Harlem.Before the show,he treated us to dinner at a restaurant and taught us not to talk with our mouths full.We did not want to let him down.
Mr.Clark was selected as Disney’s 2000 Teacher of the Year.He said he would draw three names out of a hat;those students would go with him to Los Angeles to get the award.But when the time came to draw names,Mr.Clark said,“You’re all going.”
On graduation day,there were a lot of tears.We didn’t want his class to end.In 2001,he moved to Atlanta,but he always kept in touch.He started giving lectures about education,and wrote a bestselling book based on his classroom rules,The Essential 55.In 2003,Mr.Clark took some of us on a trip to South Africa to deliver school supplies and visit orphanages(孤儿院).It was the most amazing experience of my life.It’s now my dream to one day start a group of women’s clubs,helping people from all backgrounds.
Without Mr.Clark,the writer _______.
A.might have been put into prison
B.might not have won the prize
C.might have joined a women’s club
D.might not have moved to Atlanta
The Essential 55 is _______.
A.a show B.a speech
C.a classroom rule D.a book
How many students’ names were finally drawn out of a hat by Mr.Clark?
A.None. B.Three. C.Fifty-five. D.All.
In the passage,the writer intends to tell us that _______.
A.Mr.Clark went to South Africa because he liked traveling
B.Mr.Clark helped to set up a group of women’s clubs
C.a good teacher can help raise his or her students’ scores
D.a good teacher has a good influence on his or her students
Unit 16 Scientist at work
本单元重点单词
instructions n. 指令;指示 safety n. 安全 glove n. 手套
accident n. 事故 earring n. 耳环 flame n. 火焰
advantage n. 优点;优势 wheel n. 轮;方向盘 engine n.引擎,发动机
technology n. 技术 energy n. 能量 nuclear n.原子
space n. 太空;空间 economy n.经济 conduct n. 指导;处理;传导
lighting n. 闪电 realize vt. 认识;意识 attract vt. 吸引
condenser n. 电容器;聚光器 last vi. 持续 frame n. 框架
enough adj. 足够的 control n.& vt. 控制 fix v. 安装;确定
fasten vt. 扎(捆) charge n.& v. 负责;充电 cross n. 杂交;十字架
sharp adj. 尖锐的
本单元重点短语
in one’s opinion 在某人看来 a waste of … (某方面)的浪费
make use of 利用 be famous for … 因……而闻名
all over 遍及 make discoveries 发现
a number of 一些 a great deal of 大量;许多
fasten (tie)… to …把……扎(捆)到……上面 protect… from …保护……免受损害
take care 留神;小心 stop…from doing… 阻止……不……
tear down 拆掉 be in tears 含着泪花
end in 以……告终;结束 such as 如;例如
at least 至少;起码 find out 查清楚;弄明白
go against 与……对抗 be made up of 由……组成.
一、精彩回放
(一)重点单词
1.instruction
【用法】n.指令;指示;说明
例1:Just click the mouse and you’ll get the instructions you need.
点击鼠标,你就会得到你所需要的指令。
例2:Give them your instructions and they’ll do the experiment well.
给他们下达您的指示吧,他们会做好这项试验的。
例3:Read the instructions before taking the medicine.
在服用此药之前,要看一看说明。
【相关链接】
1) instruct vt. 教授;指导;通知
例1:Professor Brown instructs two classes in physics.
布朗教授教两个班的物理。
例2:Who’ll instruct them to do the experiment ?
谁将指导他们做这项试验?
例3:I’ve been instructed that I have to be present at the meeting.
有人通知我,要我出席那个会议。
2) instructive adj. 有教育意义的
例如:The film is both instructive and interesting
这部电影既有教育意义,又有趣。
2. Realize
【用法一】vt. 认识;意识
例如:After talking with his father, Jack realized that playing too much computer games would do bad to his studies.
经过与父亲的谈话后,杰克认识到过量玩电脑游戏会影响他的学习。
【用法二】vt. 实现
例如:By working hard, he realized his wishes finally.
靠努力奋斗,他终于实现了自己的理想。
3.attract
【用法一】vt. 吸引
例如:A magnet attracts iron.
磁石吸引铁。
【用法二】vt. 引起……注意
例如:Her beautiful dress attracted many eyes .
她好漂亮的外衣吸引了很多目光。
【相关链接】
1) attraction n. 吸引力
例1:The attraction of the moon for earth causes the tides.
月球对地球的吸引力造成了潮汐。
例2:Computer games have little attractions for my parents .
电脑游戏对我父母亲没有什么吸引力。
2) attractive adj. 诱人的;有吸引力的
例如:What an attractive price for such a nice dress !
这么好一件衣服,却标出这样诱人的低价!
4.last
【用法一】vi. 持续
例1:The meeting lasted two hours.
会议开了两个小时。
例2:The quarreling between the couple lasted quite some time.
这对夫妇吵了好一阵子。
【用法二】adj. 上一次的
例如:He went there last year
他去年就去了那里。
【用法三】 adv. 最后
例1:Whoever leaves last should turn off the lights.
谁若最后离去,应当关灯。
例2:He who laughs , laughs best.
谁笑到最后,谁笑的最好。
5.enough
【用法一】adj.足够的
例1:I have enough money to buy a new bicycle.
我有足够的钱买一辆新自行车。
例2:He has time enough to write her essay.
他有足够的时间去写他的论文。
注意:enough 作形容词时可以置于被修饰的名词前面或后面作定语。
【用法二】adv. 足够
例1:The little boy is not tall enough to reach the pear on the tree.
那个小男孩还不够高;他还摘不到树上的那个梨。
例2:The temperature is high enough to turn the ice into water.
这种温度跑以使冰融化成水。
注意:当enough 作副词修饰形容词时,它只能后置。
【用法三】n. 充分;足够
例1:Enough has been said on this subject .
关于这个问题说得已经够多了。
例2:They didn’t has enough to eat then.
那时他们常吃不饱。
6.charge
【用法一】vt. 充电
例如:The battery has to be charged again.
这个电瓶又要充电了。
【用法二】vt.要求付款(服务费用)
例如:The bicycle repairman charged me two yuan
那位修自行车的师傅让我付给他两元钱的修理费。
【用法三】vt.& vi. 突袭;猛冲
例1:Our soldiers charged the enemy at sunset .
太阳落山时,我军士兵向敌军发动了袭击。
例2:The angry man charged into the office , shouting at his boss.
那个愤怒的男子冲进办公室,冲他的老板大声吼骂起来。
【用法三】n. 负责。
例1:Who is charge of the project?
谁负责这个项目。
例2:The project is in the charge of Professor Lee.
这个项目由
7.conduct.
【用法一】vt.指导;引导
例如:His maid conducted us to the door.
她的女仆把我们领到门口。
【用法二】vt. (电流)通过;传导
例如:Copper conducts electricity better than other materials.
铜导电较其他物质佳。
【用法三】vt.指挥;管理
例如:The orchestra is conducted by her father.
这支管乐队由她的父亲指挥。
【相关链接】
1)conduction n. (热、电、水等的)传导
例如:The conduction of the water from the river to the city is excellent.
从这条河进入那个城市的输水系统情况非常好。
2)conductor n. (火车、汽车上的)收票员
例如:“Tickets , please. Tickets,” said the conductor .
那位列车验票员说:“请把票拿出来,验票啦。”
8.cross
【用法一】n. 十字架;(给错误评定符号的)叉
例1:The American wear a cross around his neck.
那个美国人脖子上系着一个(耶稣受难)十字架。
例2:I’ve got two crosses in my maths exercise book.
我的数学练习有两道题做错了(得了两个叉)。
【用法二】n. 杂交品种
例如:Her pet cat is a cross between a white cat and a black one.
她喂的那只宠物猫是由黑、白两种颜色不同的猫产下的杂交品种。
【用法三】vt. 横过;穿越
例如:look to either end of the street before you cross it .
横过街道前,你要看看街道两端时否有车辆(通过)。
9.sharp
【用法一】adj. 敏锐的;聪慧的
例如:He had sharp eyes and was able to tell everything in politics.
他目光敏锐,政治方面洞察秋毫。
【用法二】adj. 尖锐的;锋利的。
例如:Take care ! The knife is sharp.
当心!这把刀挺锋利的.
【用法三】adv. 准点
例如:The meeting began at 8:00 sharp.
会议在八点整准时开始。
【相关链接】 sharpen vt. 使尖锐
例如:He’s sharpening his pencil.
他在削铅笔。
10.Tear
【用法一】 vi. 撕
例如:Take care ! The cloth tears easily.
当心!这种布料很容易撕破。
【用法二】vi. 撕扯;揪(与at连用)
例如:seeing the box ,Mary tore at the paper around it, eager to see the gift in it.
一拿到那个盒子,玛丽就撕开外面的那层包装纸,急着看看盒子里装的是什么礼物。
【用法三】vt. 拆卸;拆除(与down连用)
例如:The workers are tearing down the houses to build a park
工人们正在拆除那些旧房子;建一个公园。
【用法四】vt. 撕开;撕裂。
例如:After reading the letter ,she tore it into pieces.
读完这封信,她就把它撕成了碎片。
【相关链接】 tear n. 眼泪
例如:When she heard the news, she burst into tears.
听到那消息时,她的眼泪夺眶而出。
(二)重要词组
1. in one’s opinion
in one’s opinion 在某人看来
例如:In my opinion ,we should let the children learn to operate computers.
我认为,我们应当让孩子学会操作电脑。
2. make use of
make use of 利用
例如:We should make full (good) use of our limited time .
我们应该充分(很好地)利用我们有限的时间。
3.a number of
a number of 很多(后接可数名词)
例如:A number of students spend too much time on computer games.
有很多学生在玩电脑游戏方面花的时间太多了。
【相关链接】
1) the number of ……的数目(谓语用单数)
例1:The number of the teachers in my school is 206.
我校教师人数是206名。
例2:What’s the number of the students in you class?
你班学生人数是多少?
例3:The number of the workers in the factory is large (small).
这家工厂的人数量真多(少)。
注意:不用many或few 与the number of 搭配。
2) number of 许多
例如:Numbers of men in the villages have gone to the front .
这些村的许多男子都上前线去了。
4.a great deal of
a great deal of 许多(后接不可数名词)
例如:He found a great deal of water over there.
他在那边发现了许多水。
【相关链接】
1) a good many 许多(后接可数名词复数)
例如:There are a good many new houses at the foot of the hill.
在那山脚下有许多新房子。
2) a lot of 许多(后接可数和不可数名词)
例1:There are a lot of mistakes in her homework
她的作业有很多错误
例2:There is a lot of water in the pail
水桶里面有许多水
5.protect…from
protect …from … 保护……免受损害
例如:In order to protect the sheep from the snowstorm, he drove them into the cave.
为了不使羊群遭到暴风雪的袭击,他把羊群赶进了洞穴。
6. go against
go against 与……相抗衡;抵触
例1:We mustn’t go against nature , or we’ll be punished by it .
我们绝不能违背大自然的规律,否则,我们将为此而遭到大自然的惩罚。
例2:In my opinion ,the school rule goes against the law.
我认为,条校规违背了法律。
7.Be made up of
be made up of 由……组成
例如:Our class committee is made up of seven students.
我们的班委会由七位学生组成。
【相关链接】
1) be made of 由……制成
例如:The toy car is made of wood.
这个玩具汽车是木头做的。
2) be made from 由……(提炼)制成
例如:The famous wine is made from rice and corn.
这种名酒是由稻谷和玉米酿制的。
3) make …into … 把……制成为……
例如:The workers are making glass into beautiful vases .
工人们把玻璃制成漂亮的花瓶。
(三)难句分析
1.I was beginning to think that the experiment would not word.
我逐渐觉得这种试验行不通。
【解析1】be beginning to +v. 表示一种程度的发展。
例如:We’re beginning to realize the importance of English.
我们开始认识到了英文的重要性。
【解析2】2work vi.有效果;起作用
例如:I’ve been taking the medicine for days, but it works little.
我已经连续几天在服用这种药,但是不甚见效。
2.Others followed even before the whole string was wet .and I was able to collect and store a great deal of electricity into the condenser.
其他风筝也发生了类似情况,甚至是在那根放飞的绳子全部湿透之前。这时,我完全可以将大量的电收集并储存到电容器里面去。
【解析】be able to +v. 表示“能够”
例如:The wounded so ldier was able to swim across the river.
那个受伤的士兵终于游过了河。
3.What works with animals often does not work with humans.
在动物身上做试验有效,用在人体时却经常无效。
【解析】这是一个由What 引导的主语从句;同时What 又作从句的主语。句谓语是does not work.
例如:What seems easy for her is usually hard for me.
一些在她看来十分容易的事情,对我来说却总是很难。
(四) 语法精讲
祈使句和构词法:
1.学习表示给出“指令”的方式,即“祈使句”。
例1:Add some more sugar to my milk ,please.
请再给我的牛奶加一点儿糖。
例2:Go and get today’s newspaper for me.
去帮我买一份今天的报纸。
例3:Take care! There comes the car .
当心!汽车来了。
例4:Be a good boy , Tom.
听话(乖一点儿),汤姆。
2.学习“构词法”的几种常用形式。
例1:合成形容词
warm-hearted 热心肠的
stone-hearted 铁石心肠的
Chinese-designed 中国人设计的
Radio-equipped 装有无线电设备的
Poorly-dressed 衣衫褴褛的
Air-conditioned 有空调设备的
Peace-loving 爱好和平的
例2:合成名词
crossroad 十字路口 someone 某人
handbag 手提包 lookout 留意
takeoff 起飞 sightseeing 游览观光
by-product 副产品 get-together 联欢会
sun-bathing 日光浴 sleeping-pill 安眠药
例3:合成谓语
whitewash 粉刷
blacklist 列入黑名单
sleepwalk 梦游
例4:合成副词
warm-heartedly 热心地 forever 永远地
however 但是 moreover 而且
whole-heartedly 全心全意地
(五)交际用语
1.Well , in my opinion ,it is a waste of money.
我认为这里浪费钱。
2.Flying is just as fast.
乘飞机只是会快一些。
3.It is good for the economy.
这对经济发展有利。
4.Add a tail to the frame and tie a long string to the cross so you can control the kite.
给这个(风筝)框架上一个尾巴,然后在这个框架上的交叉处系上一根细长的绳子,
这样你就可以控制这个风筝了。
Unit 17 Famous women
本单元重点单词
inspire vt. 激励 explain v. 解释 admire v. 羡慕
smart adj. 机灵的;时髦的 cheerful adj. 高兴的 general adj. 大致的;总的
hard-working adj. 努力的 weak adj. 软弱的;不强壮的 stupid adj. 愚蠢的
dishonest adj. 不诚实的 mean v.&n. 意味着;方式 tense v 紧张
miserable adj. 可怕的 singer n. 歌手 actress n. 女演员
champion n. 冠军 alone adj. 单独的 penguin n. 企鹅
Antarctica n. 南极洲 challenge n. 挑战 increase v. 增长
Howling adj. 极端的;嚎叫的 optimistic adj. 乐观主义的 climate n. 气候
experience n. 经验;经历 individual adj. 一个人的 bother v. 麻烦
literature n. 文学 skip v. 跳跃 discipline n. 纪律
career n. 履历;生涯
本单元重点短语
in high position 地位很高 the South Pole南极 the North Pole北极
polar bear北极熊 at the opposite end of 在……对面 pull one’s sled 拉雪橇
be about do (do ) 正要(做) be just around the corner 就在附近,即将来临 fall into 掉人
in good health 健康状况良好 stand on one’s left leg 用左腿独立站好 solo travel独自旅行
blow away 吹跑;刮走 knock sb. over. 把某人撞倒 refer to 所指;参考
rise to fame 名声大振 the host of a talk show脱口秀主持人 so far 到目前为止
in history 在历史上 fight for chances 设法寻找机会 best of luck to you 祝你好运
without a strong plan 没有详细的计划always be the very best 总是做到最好share with与……分享
一、精彩回放
(一)重点单词
1.inspire
【用法】vt. 激励;鼓励
例如: His deeds greatly inspired his schoolmates
他的行为极大地激励了他的同学。
【相关链接】
1)inspiring adj. 激励人心的
例如:The speaker’s words were inspiring.
演讲者的话很具有感召力。
2)inspired. adj. 受到鼓舞的
例如:The inspired soldiers threw their caps into the air,
shouting,“Long live the Public!”
受到鼓舞的士兵将帽子抛向空中,大声喊着:“共和国万岁!”
3)inspiration n. 激励的人的人或事物
例1:My father is always an inspiration to me
父亲对我来说总是一个鼓励者
例2:The motto is an inspiration to many of us.
这个“座右铭”对于我们许多人来说是一种激励。
2. mean
【用法一】adj. 地位卑下的;出身微贱的
例如:All the maids were mean in Dreams of the Red Chamber
《红楼梦》中所有的丫环都是地位卑微的人
【用法二】adj. 吝啬的
例如:Her husband is rather mean over money.
她的丈夫对钱相当吝啬。
【用法三】adj. 破烂不堪的
例如:They used to live in mean house in a mean street.
他们以前住在一条鄙陋街道上的一幢破烂不堪的房子里。
3. tense
【用法】adj.紧张的
例1:Her legs felt tense after running.
跑步后,她感到双腿肌肉紧张。
例2:He looks tense with anxiety.
他因焦虑而显得紧张。
例3:The situation became tense suddenly.
形势一下子变得紧张起来了。
【相关链接】
nervous adj.紧张的(只指人的精神状态)
例如:She felt nervous when asked about that.
当被问到那件事时,她紧张起来了。
4. increase
【用法一】vt. & vi.增长
例1:Her absence increased our difficulty in doing the experiment.
她的缺席增加了我们做这次试验的难度。
例2:The number of the students in my class has increased to 58.
我班学生人数已经增长到了58位。
【用法二】n./’inkri:s /增多;增加
例1:The population increase makes the government feel hard.
人口的增长让政府甚感棘手。
例2:We have got a steady increase in production.
我们的生产在稳步增长。
【相关链接】
increasing adj. 不断增长的
例1:The increasing traffic problems are troubling the city people.
不断增长的交通问题一直在困扰着市民。
例2:The shopkeeper feels happy at the increasing income.
对于日益增多的收益,店老板乐开了花。
5.threaten
【用法一】vt.威胁;恐吓
例1:The boss threatened to dismiss Lucy if she didn’t obey him.
老板威胁露西,如果她不服从,就要开除她。
例2:The secretary received a letter threatening to murder the manager.
秘书收到一封信,信中扬言要谋杀经理。
【用法二】vt.& vi.预示;将要发生
例1:The gathering black clouds are threatening a storm.
天空中乌云密布,这预示着风暴要来了。
例2:Knowing that a folld threatens, all the villagers are trying hard to get everything ready.
知道一场洪水将要来临,所有的村民都在努力做好一切准备。
【相关链接】
1)threat n. 恐吓;威胁
例如:I’m not afraid of their threat.
我不惧怕他们的恐吓。
2)threat n.恶兆
例如:There was a threat of rain in the dark sky.
乌云密布的天空有下雨之兆。
6.support
【用法一】vt.支持
例如:We firmly support their struggle for human rights.
我们坚决支持他们为人权而进行的斗争。
【用法二】vt.支撑
例1:Whales have no strong bones to suport their heavy bodies on land.
鲸没有结实的骨骼在陆地上支撑其沉重的身体。
例2:The hall is supported by six large columns.
这个大厅由六根大圆柱支撑着。
【用法三】vt.养活
例如:He has a large family to support.
他要养活一家子人。
【用法四】n.支持
例如:I hope to have your support in the election.
我希望在这次选举中得到你的支持。
7.affect
【用法一】vt.影响
例1:Parents’ words and deeds affect their children a lot.
父母亲的言行对小孩的影响极大。
例2:Some plants are quickly affected by cold.
有些植物很快就受到了寒冷气候的影响。
【用法二】vt.感动;打动
例如:The students were much affected by her story.
同学们被她的事迹深深地感动了。
【用法三】vt.(疾病)感染
例如:His wound was affected badly.
他的伤口受到严重的感染。
(二)重要词组
1.lie down
lie down躺下
例如:Having done all the housework, she lay down in bed.
做完所有的家务后,她躺在床上休息了。
注意:课文中的On November 12 the storm lay
down.(
2.make a decision
make a decision 做出决定
例1:Finally he made a decision that he would give up the plan.
他终于做出决定要放弃计划。
例2:Children should be encouraged to make their own decisions.
应当鼓励孩子自己去做出决定。
3.go down
go down(太阳)落山
例如:When the sun is going down, the whole farm looks more beautiful.
当太阳落山时,整个农场看起来更美了。
【相关链接】
1)go down(价格)跌落
例如:The price of beef has gone down finally.
牛肉的价格终于下降了。
2)go down(指海洋、风暴)平衡;平息
例如:The rough sea finally went down.
波涛汹涌的海面总算平静下来了。
3)go down 受欢迎
例如:The film HERO went down well.
《英雄》这部影片很受观众欢迎。
4.refer to
refer to所指;谈及;提及
例1:I was not referring to her when I said so.
当我那么说时,我并不是指她。
例2:The boy you referred to is my seatmate.
你刚才谈到的那个男生是我的同桌。
【相关链接】
1)refer to 参考;咨询
例如:While he was writing the essay, he referred to some other books.
在写那篇论文时,他参考了其他一些书籍。
2)refer … to 把……归于
例如:He referred his success to his trainer.
他认为自己的成功应归功于自己的教练。
3)refer … to 将……提交
例如:The dispute was referred to the United Nations.
该项争议已提交联合国处理。
(三)难句分析
1.But changes were just around the corner.
但是情况可能随时发生变化。
【解析】be around the corner 在这里是一种习惯用法,表示“即将来临”。
例如:Our final test is around the corner.
我们的期末测试即将来临。
比较:The post office is just around the corner.
邮局就在转角处。
2.…and I found myself spending a whole day in my tent.
……我发觉我已经在帐篷里呆了一整天了。
【解析】find oneself经常表示一种“(无意间)意识、发现……”
例如:After walking in the dark for about an hour,we found ourselves right at the foot of the same mountain.
在黑暗中走了约一个小时后,突然间我们发现自己又来到了同一座山的山脚下。
3.A few days later, I was moving forward over a slope that seemed safe when suddenly without warning my world dropped out from under my skis.
几天后,我正缓慢地翻越一个看来似乎安全的陡坡时,忽然间,我一下子从滑雪板上掉落下去了。
【解析1】was moving … when … dropped out … 若主句是过去进行时,而从句(由when引导)是一般过去时,这个从句动作表示一种“很突然”、“未曾预料”的含义。
例如:We were having a meeting when the power went out.
我们正在开会,突然停电了。
【解析2】move over a slope 翻过一处斜坡。
Over prep.翻越;跃过
例如:The athlete sprang over all the fences neatly.
那个运动员非常利落地跨过了所有的栏。
【解析3】without warning my world在毫无预防的情况下
【解析4】from under …从……下方,介词from常可与其他介词连用。
例如:Soon the moon came out from behind the clouds.
不一会儿月亮又从云层后面露出了脸儿。
4.She has helped thousands of men and women come to terms with things that bother and that they could not talk about with others.
她帮助了数以千计的人们妥善地处理好那些困扰他们的琐碎的事情,而这又都是一些令他们无法与他人启齿交谈的事。
【解析】come to terms with …与……和好;句中that bother them与后面的and that they … 是两个定语从句,分别修饰things。
5.Being black and a woman made life even more difficult in America at that time.
身为黑人,尤其是女人,在那个时期的美国,她的生活更艰难。
【解析】Being black and a woman是动名词作主语。
例如:Being a League member, you should set a good example to others.
作为一名共青团员,你应当给他人树立一个好榜样。(此处Being …为状语,现在分词)
(四)语法精讲
主语和谓语的一致:
1.谓语动词在数上必须与主语保持一致。
例1:The answer to this question is very simple.
这个问题的答案十分简单。
例2:The details of this story are easy for you to remember.
这个故事的细节你很容易记。
例3:Such was Einstein, the great scientist.
伟大的科学家爱因斯坦就是如此。
例4:Suc are my parents, kind and strict.
这就是我的父母亲,既慈祥又严格。
例5:Between the two countries lie five big lakes.
两国之间有五个大湖。
例6:Around the corner came a car.
一辆汽车从拐角处开了过来。
2.当主语表达一个抽象概念时,谓语动词用单数表示。
例1:To answer such a question is really difficult.
回答这样一个问题真难。
例2:Playing basketball is good for your health.
打篮球对你的健康有益。
例3:That our teacher is going to leave us makes us disappointed.
我们的老师要离开我们,这使我们很失望。
3.当两个或多个名词用and并列连接的时候,谓语动词一段要用复数形式。
例1:A pen and a pencil are in my pencil-box.
我的文具盒里有一支钢笔和一支铅笔。
例2:To increase the production and to reduce the cost are very important to us.
增产节支对我们十分重要。
但如果两个或几个名词指的是同一事物或人时,谓语动词用单数形式。
例1:The teacher and writer is respected by all the people.
那位既是教师又是作家的人受到大家的尊敬。
例2:Ploughing the field and sowing seeds is the first thing we should do right now.
耕地播种是我们现在该做的头一件事。
4.如果主语是单数,后面跟有as well as, with, like, except, but, besides等引起的短语时,谓语动词仍然用单数形式;也就是说,介词短语不能被看作主语的一部分。
例1:Everyone except Micky is in the classroom.
除了米奇以外,其他人都在教室里。
例2:Frank as well as Green and Sandy has been to Beijing.
弗兰克、格林和桑迪都到过北京。
例3:Ann with her son and her daughter was in New York last Christmas.
去年圣诞节安和她的女儿在纽约。
例4:French besides English and German is taught in our school.
除了英语和德语外,我们学校也开设法语课程。
例5:Charlie, like all his friends, is fond of music.
查理和他所有的朋友一样,喜欢音乐。
5.each和由some, any, no, every构成的合成词,都作单数看待。
例1:Each of them has got a PC.
他们每人都有一台个人电脑。
例2:Someone is calling for you on the phone.
有人打电话找你。
例3:Nothing is to be done.
什么也没法做。
6.what,who,which,any,more,most,all等代词可以是单数,也可以是复数,由语义决定。
例1:Which is your book? 哪本是你们的书?
例2:Which are your books? 哪些是你的书?
例3:Here is some more paper.这里还有一些纸。
例4:Here are some more pens.这里还有一些笔。
例5:Are any of you doctors? 你们中有人是医生吗?
例6:Is any of you from Shenzhen?
你们中有人来自深圳吗?
例7:Those who are against the plan can leave.
反对这项计划的人可以离开。
例8:Anyone who is interested in it can go with us.
对这事感兴趣的人可以跟我们去。
7.none可作复数看待,也可作单数看待;但作复数看待时多,主要看说话人的看法。另外,none of后面若接不可数名词,只能视为单数。
例1:She looked for some cake, but there was none left.
她找些蛋糕,但蛋糕一点也没剩下。
例2:None of this money is mine.
这笔钱没有一点是我的。
例3:None of them have come back yet.
他们中谁也没来。
例4:They say they like it, but none of them has gone to the cinema.
他们都说喜欢这电影,但谁也没去看。
8.neither和either作主语时,通常作单数看待。
例1:Neither of them was from Australia.
他们俩都不是来自澳大利亚。
例2:Either of the boys likes singing.
这两个男孩都喜欢唱歌。
9.people(人们),police(警察),cattle(牛群),crowd(人群)等词是集体名词,一般为复数概念。
例1:The eattle have eaten up all the grass here and have to move to another place.
牛群吃光了这里所有的草,不得不迁移他处了。
例2:The police keep the city in good order.
警察维护了这座城市的良好秩序。
例3:People in this village are living a rich life.
这个村子里的人生活很富裕。
10.class,family,school等词可以被看作复数概念,也可以被看作单数概念,取决于说话人的语义。
例1:Our class is Class 3.
我们班是第三班。(单数)
例2:Our class are playing on the playground.
我们班全体同学都在操场上玩。(复数)
例3:His family is a very big one.
他的家庭是个大家庭。(单数)
例4:The family are at table now.
这家人正在吃饭。(复数)
11.表示时间、重量、距离、长度、价值等的名词尽管是复数名词,但如果用于表达一个整体概念,应作为单数看待。
例1:Three thousand kilometers is a long distance.
3000公里是段很长的距离。
例2:Two months is long enough.
两个月的时间够长了。
例3:Thirty tons of steel has been shipped to their factory.
30吨钢材已经运到了他们工厂。
12.以下是几种谓语动词与邻近主语一致的情况。
1)由neither … nor …或either … or …连接两个主语时,谓语动词与跟它最邻近的主语一致。
例如:Neither you nor your brother has been there.
你和你弟弟都没去过那里。
Is either Tom or his brothers to answer for this?
汤姆或是他的兄弟们要对这事负责吗?
2)句子由there, here和where引起,而主语不止一个时,谓语也通常跟它与最邻近的主语一致。
例如:There is a book and two letters in the bag.
包里有一本书和两封信。
Here comes an old lady and two girls.
走过来了一位老太太和两位姑娘。
Where is your wife and children when you stay here?
你在这里时,你的太太和孩子们在哪儿?但有时情况也有例外,例如:
There are one or two cases like that.
有一两个这类情况。
Here are my passport and papers.
这里是我的护照和文件。
13.如果主语由“the+形容词”担任时,根据意义一致的原则确定谓语动词的单复数。
例1:In our country, the old are taken good care of.
在我们国家,老人们都得到很好的照顾。(复数:所有老人)
例2:After the battle, the wounded were taken to a hospital.
战斗结束后,伤员被送到了医院。(复数:所有伤员)
例3:The older of the two is Simon’s uncle.
两人中年纪较大些的那一位是西蒙的叔叔。(单数:两人中的一个)
例4:The dead, who was a stranger, was buried yesterday.
死者是位陌生人,昨天被安葬了。(单数)
14.如果主语由this(a)kind of, this(a)sort of, this(a)type of后接名词构成时,谓语动词用单数。
例1:A kind of new dictionary is on sale in our boo-kstore.
我们书店正在出售一种新词典。
例2:This sort of apples tastes sweet.
这种苹果很甜。
例3:This type of cars is produced in our factory.
这种型号的汽车是我们工厂生产的。
15.如果主语由these kinds of等后接复数名词构成时,谓语动词用复数。
例如:These kinds of tests are good.
这种测试有好处。
(五)交际用语
1.――Is she Chinese?
――她是中国人吗?
――Yes, she is.
――是的,她是。
2.――Is she a famous singer?
――她是一位名歌手吗?
――不,她不是。
3.――What is everybody doing here?
――你们大家在这里干什么呀?
――We’re preparing for a party.
4.――Will anybody be free tomorrow?
――谁明天会得空闲吗?
――yes, if I finish the work today.
――如果我今天做完了这活儿,我明天就空闲了。
Unit 18 New Zealand
本单元重点单词
description n. 描述 region n. 地区 surround v. 环绕
climate n. 气候 subtropical n. 亚热带 volcano n. 火山
narrow adj. 狭窄的 sign v. & n. 签字;迹象 celebrate v. 庆祝
temperature n. 温度 symbol n. 象征 desert n. 沙漠
quality n. 质量
本单元重点短语
lie to 位于…… be made up of 由……组成 be surrounded by 被……环绕
be famous for 因……闻名 such as 例如 take possession of 拥有……
refer to 参考;所指 in relation to 与……有关 be marked with 标有……记号
compare…to…把……比作 stand for 代表 make up 占据空间
plenty of 大量;许多 be native to 原产于…… be careful in (在某方面)仔细
prepare for … 为……作准备
一、精彩回放
(一)重点单词
1.water
【用法一】n. [U]水
例如:Canada has one third of the world's supply of fresh water.
加拿大拥有世界淡水供应量的三分之一。
【用法二】n. (常用复数)大片的水,(江、湖、池、海等)水体,水域
例如:the waters of the lake 湖中的水
the upper waters of the Yangtze 长江上游
【用法三】v. 使湿,在……上洒/浇水,灌溉
例如:Dry lands have been watered.
干燥的土地已经得到灌溉。
【用法四】adj. 水的,用水的,水生的。
例如:water sports 水上运动
water plants 水生植物
2.lie
【用法一】vi. 平躺(不规则动词,其过去式、过去分词为lay,lain)
例如:lie on one's back/side仰/侧卧
【用法二】v. 展现,伸展
例如:A bright future lies ahead.
前途是光明的。
【用法三】v. 位于
例1:London lies on the River Thames.
伦敦位于泰晤士河畔。
例2:There lies a temple at the foot of the mountain.
山脚下有一座庙。
【用法四】v. & n. 说谎(规则动词)
例1:You are lying to him!
你在对他说谎!
例2:They said she told lies to everyone.
他们说她对任何人都说谎。
【相关链接】
1)lie down 躺下
例如:Go and lie down for a while.
去躺一会儿。
2)lie in 在于
例如:The answer lies in two facts.
答案在于两个事实。
3)lie on 依赖,压迫,取决于
例如:It lies on us to accomplish the task.
完成这项任务是我们的责任。
4)lie up 卧床休息
例如:You'd better lie up for a few more days.
你最好再多休息几天。
5)lie有时后面跟形容词,表示所处状态。
例如:The book lay open on the table.
那本书打开着,放在桌子上。
【相关链接2】
1)lay v. (laid,laid)放、搁;产卵、下蛋
例1:He laid the book on the table and left.
他把书放在桌上就走了。
例2:The hens lay ten eggs every day.
这些母鸡每天下十个蛋。
2)liar n. 撒谎者
例如:A liar is not believed when he tells the truth.
说惯假话的人说真话时也没有人会相信。
3.run
【用法一】v. 跑,奔,逃跑
例1:I ran as quickly as I could.
我拼命地跑。
例2:The enemy ran away. 敌人逃走了。
例3:We ran to his aid. 我们跑去帮他。
【用法二】v. 竞赛,竞选
例1:run for Congress 参加国会议员竞选
例2:run for mayor 竞选市长
【用法三】v. (机器)运转
例如:The engine runs perfectly well.
这台发动机运转十分良好。
【用法四】v. 流淌,滴
例1:The river runs thick.
水流浑浊。
例2:The child's nose is running.
孩子在流鼻涕。
【用法五】v. 变得
例如:The little pond has run dry.
那个小池塘已经干涸。
【用法六】v. (车辆)行驶
例1:The buses run until twelve.
公共汽车12点收班。
例2:Are there any trains running to Sichuan from here?
从这里到四川有火车吗?
【用法七】v. (道路)延伸,延续
例如:The street runs from south to north.
这条街是南北向的。
【用法八】v. 经营,管理
例如:They run most of the stores here.
他们管理着这里的大部分商店。
【用法九】v. (颜色)褪色
例如:When I washed the blouse, the color ran.
我洗这件衬衫,褪了色。
【相关链接1】
1)run after 追逐,追求
例如:If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.
不能脚踏两只船。
2)run away from 从……跑掉;逃避
例如:He ran away from school. 他逃学了。
3)run out (某物)被用完
例如:We decided it would be best to go home before our money ran out.
我们认为最好在把钱用完之前回家。
4)run out of 用完(某物)
例如:We ran out of coal, and had to burn wood.
我们用完了煤,只好烧木柴。
5)run into 无意间碰到,和……相撞
例如:I ran into him now and then.
我不时碰见他。
【相关链接2】
runner 赛跑的人 runway跑道
4.some
【用法一】adj. 一些,若干,几个(可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词)
例1:Please bring some coffee without sugar.
请来点儿不加糖的咖啡。
例2:Ask some boys to help you.
叫几个男孩帮帮你。
【用法二】adj. (修饰单数名词)某个(人或物)= a certain
例1:There must be some mistake.
准是出了什么差错。
例2:I suggested to Red that we should go to some hotel.
我向瑞得建议我们该去找个旅店。
【用法三】pron. 一些
例如:Some of the trees can be cut each year for firewood.
一些树每年可以被砍作柴火。
【用法四】adv. 大约,与about同义
例如:It happened some thirty years ago.
这件事大约发生在三十年前。
【相关链接1】
some more 再来一点,更多
【相关链接2】
somebody/someone 某人,有人
something 某事,某物
sometimes 有时
somewhere 在某处
5.surprising
【用法】adj. 令人惊奇的
例1:What you have just told me is very surprising.
你刚才告诉我的事真让人吃惊。
例2:Is there anything surprising about it? I don't think so.
有关这事有什么让人吃惊的?我认为没有。
【相关链接】
surprising和surprised的区别:surprising和surprised都是由surprise派生来的形容词,但surprised是“吃惊的”,“感到惊奇的”。
例如:He didn't notice the surprised look on her face.
他没有注意到她脸上吃惊的表情。
6.shock
【用法一】v. 使震惊
例如:He was shocked at her smoking. = Her smoking shocked him.
她抽烟使他震惊。
【用法二】v. 使触电
例如:He got shocked when he touched the wire.
他一摸电线就触电了。
【用法三】n. [C]震动,冲击
例1:Three shocks of the earthquakes were felt last night.
昨晚感觉到三次地震。
例2:The news was a great shock to Marie.
那个消息给了玛丽很大的震撼。
【相关链接】
shocking adj. 令人震惊的
7.majority
【用法】n. 大多数(常和the连用)
例如:The majority of people in the town want to encourage new industry in the areA.
城里的大多数人想在该地区鼓励新工业的发展。
注意:majority 作主语时,谓语动词可以是单数,也可以是复数,其反义词是minority。
8.share
【用法一】v. 合用,分享
例1:We share a small room between us.
我们俩共用一个小房间。
例2:She never shared any of her husband's worries.
她从不分担丈夫的任何忧愁。
【用法二】v. 分配,均分
例3:Mother is sharing the cakes to make sure that every boy gets some.
母亲正在分蛋糕,确保每个男孩都吃到一些。
【用法二】n. 分得的一份,应承受的一份
例1:You have had more than your share of this apple-pie.
你吃的苹果派比你应得的分量多。
例2:You must take your share of the blame.
你必须接受批评。
【相关链接】
take one's share 尽自己的一份责任
9.ship
【用法一】n. 大船
例如:They are making a ship.
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