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dictionary-words,umbrella-rain,library-book-shelf,kitchen-cook

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3.转化法: know(v.)→knowledge(n.)

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2.派生法(即在词根上加前、后缀记忆):

en-(使……有)+courage→encourage;inter-(one with another;face to face)+view→interview;foreign+er(人)→foreigner,play+er(执行动作的人)→player,sharpen+er(执行动作的物)→sharpener;library+(y→i)an(人)→li?brarian;miss(v.)+ing→missing(adj.),probable(adj.)+(l)y→probably(adv.),sad(adj.)+ly→sadly(adv.);compose(v.)+(e→i)tion→composition(n.),inform(v.)+(a)tion→information(n.)

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1.合成法:note+book→notebook,school+yard→schoolyard,book+mark→bookmark

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构词有法记无定法

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5.引导条件状语从句的连词:  if  “如果”,引导条件状从,主句用一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时。请区别于if“是否”相当于 whether,引导宾语从句,时态根据语境确定

  eg:1)I don't know if it ____ (rain) tomorrow.

   2)If it ______ (rain) tomorrow, I _____________ (not climb) the hills.

   3)Joan and Mary haven't seen each other_____they left school five years ago.

A.as  B.before  C.after  D.since

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4.引导时间状语从句的连词:

 A. when(当…时候),as soon as…(一…就),not…until(直到…才),after(在…之后),引导的主从复合句,主句为一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时来代替一般将来时。 Eg: I won't leave until he comes back.

 B. since(自从…以来)引导的主从复合句,主句为现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。  Eg:We haven't met each other since she left here last year.

 C. while(当…时候,一边…一边…)它引导的时间状语从句常用进行时态。 

  Eg: My father came in while I was doing my homework.     

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3.引导原因状从的有:because (不能与so同时出现在句中)    

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2.引导宾语从句的连词

  陈述句:that 可省略 一般疑问句:if /whether “是否”   特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词     

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1.并列连词     both…and 既~又~谓语用复数动词

  neither…nor 既不~也不~含否定意义,(就近原则)谓语动词由靠近它的那个主语来决定单复数。   either…or…  “或者 …或者…”“不是…就是…”

  and“和”  连接两个并列成分,连接谓语时,两个动词时态应一致。

  but “但是” 表转折,不能与 though 同时出现在句中。

  or “或者”在否定句中,并列句中的列举常用 or,而不用 and。  Eg: I have brothers and sisters.(否)    I don't have brothers or sisters.= I have no brothers and no sisters.       

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