(1)I use a knife to cut bread.

　　 A knife is used to cut bread.

(2)They use coal to keep warm.

　　 Coal is used to keep warm.

Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.

Grammar Focus:

---I think students should be allowed to do homework with friends.

---I disagree. They talk instead of doing homework.

---Sixteen-year-olds should not be allowed to drive.

---I agree. They aren’t serious enough at that age.

--- Do you think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to work at night?

---No, I don’t.

语法：被动语态

英语中有主动和被动两种语态。前者以动作的执行者充当主语，后者以动作的承受者 (即宾语) 充当主语。由于只有及物动词才有宾语，因此只能是及物动词才有被动语态形式。

被动语态以助动词be加上动词的过去分词构成，如：

We speak English. (主动语态)

English is spoken. (被动语态)

有时为了表明动作的执行者，可在被动语态句型中加上介词by引导的短语，如：

The glass was broken by the cat yesterday.

由于动词be在不同时态中有不同形式，因此被动语态在各种时态中也有不同的结构。一般现在时由am/are/is加上过去分词构成。

如：

Football is played all over the world.

The rooms are cleaned every day.

Unit 4 What would you do?

重点词汇：

in public　　　　　 当众，公开的　　　 plenty of　　　　 很多的，足够的

get along with　　　 与……相处　　　 let…down　　　　 使……失望或沮丧

come up with　　　 提出，想出　　　 win the lottery 彩票中奖　　　　　

medical research　　 医学研究　　　　 get pimples　 长青春痘　　　　　

too…to…　　 太……而不能　　　　 get nervous　　　 变得紧张

look terrible　 看起来糟糕　　　　　　 let me have one　　 让我拥有一个

introduce oneself 自我介绍　　　　　 speak in public　　 在公共场合讲话　　

without permission 未经允许　　　　 not…in the slightest　 一点也不

plenty of　　　 充足的　　　　　　　 get along with sb.　 与……相处

rather than　　 而不是　　　　　　　 would rather…than… 宁愿…而不

right away　　 立刻，马上　　　　　 invite sb. to do sth.　 邀请某人做某事

no…in the slightest　 一点也不　　　　 come top　　　　　 名列前茅　　　

let sb. down　 让某人失望　　　　　　 think of　　　　　 想出　　　　　

come up with 提出，想出

Grammar Focus：

1. ---What would you do if you won a million dollars?

---I’d give it to charities.

be used to中的to是介词，后面加名词或doing sth，其中be 有各种时态的变化形式，表示“习惯于……”。例：

She is used to living in the country.

He is used to hard work / to working hard.

I am not used to being spoken to in that rude way.

You’ll soon be / get / become / grow used to our way of living.

I have been used to rice / eating rice.

4. 反意疑问句

She used to live in the country, didn’t / usedn’t she?

There used to be a big tree here, didn’t / usedn’t there?

注意used to与would用法区别：

(1)used to 表示过去习惯性的动作，现在已经不如此了；would则常用来表示过去和现在均可能有的习惯动作。两者意思基本相同，但used to较为口语化。used to常不需要表示时间的副词短语或从句，而would则需要。例如：

He used to get up early.　 他过去起床很早。

He would get up early when he was young, and he is used to getting up early.

他年轻的时候习惯于早起，现在仍习惯于早起。

(2)used to 既表动作，又表状态，而would只用于表动作。如“她过去身体很好”只能译为She used to be healthy.，不能译成She would be healthy.

3. 疑问句

在疑问句中常用Did …use to…? 或Used … to …?

Did you use to be a teacher?

Used you to be a teacher?

2. 否定句

在否定句中常用didn’t use to, used not to或usedn’t to

He didn’t use to get up early.

The river usedn’t to be clean.

used to中的to是不定式符号，后加动词原形，表示“过去常常做某事，而现在已不做”，时态形式不变。

1. 肯定句

He used to get up early.

The river used to be clean.

3. Did you use to play the piano?　　 No, I didn’t.

语法：

2. Did you use to have straight hair?　 Yes, I did.

We end up speaking in Chinese.

Why don’t you join a club to practice speaking English?

Now I am enjoying learning English.

I finish reading the book.

Would you mind taking out the trash?

I often spend money buying books.