8．如何简化定语从句

(1).定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语。如: My grandfather lives in a village that is far away from here.

→My grandfather lives in a village far away from here.我祖父住在离这儿很远的一个村子。 This is a book that is worth reading.

→This is a book worth reading. 这是一本值得看的书。 (2) 定语从句简化为现在分词或现在分词短语作前置或后置定语。 The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher.

→The man standing under the tree is our English teacher.

站在树下面的那个人是我们的英语老师。 I saw the house that was burning at that time.→I saw the burning house at that time.

当时我看到那房子在燃烧。 (3)定语从句简化为过去分词短语作后置定语。 I like to see the films which are directed by Zhang Yimou.→I like to see the films directed by Zhang Yimou. 我喜欢看张艺谋导演的电影。 She is the girl who was praised at the school meeting.→She is the girl praised at the school meeting. 她就是在校会上受表彰的那个女孩。 (4)定语从句简化为不定式作后置定语。 He is always the first person that comes to school.→He is always the first person to come to school.他总是第一个到校。 The report which will be given tomorrow is important to us.→The report to be given tomorrow is important to us. 明天要作的报告对我们很重要。 (5)定语从句简化为what 从句。 I couldn't remember the words that he said.→I couldn't remember what he said.

我记不得他说的话。

[典型例题解析]

例 1 The second book ______I want to read is Business @ the Speed of Thought.

A. which B. what C. that D. as

解析 先行词 book被序数词修饰时要用that引导定语从句，故选C。

例 2 I'll never forget the days _____I stayed with you.

A. when B. in which C. that D. for which

解析 本题指时间，故选 A。

例 3 The book______ is sold out at the moment.

A. you need B. what you need

C. which you need it D. that you need it

解析 B、C、D中的what和it与先行The book相抵触 ， 故选 A。

例 4 Is this the place ______Lincoln once lived.

A. that B. which C. where D. when

解析 本题指地点，故选 C。

例 5 I'm one of the boys _________　 never late for school.

A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is

解析 本题中 who用作主语，谓语动词与先行词the boys保持一致，故选B。

[选讲例题]

例 6 Her sister,______ you met at my home, was a teacher of English.

A. whom B. that C. which D. who is

解析 非限制性定语从句中 ， 关系代词用 which,不用that,但指人时用who或whom.故选A。

例 7 These book are for students _____ mother language is not English.

A. of whom B. that C. which D. whose

解析 whose引导的定语从句中,whose用作定语，故选D。

7. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

(1)限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, of which等，这些关系代词都不能省略。

(2)非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明 ， 没有这种从句 ， 不影响主句意思的完整 ， 一般用逗号把主句和从句分开 ， 关系代词用 which,不用that;指人时可用who,如 ： I have two brothers, who are both students.

6.由when, where, why引导的定语从句，如:

I don't know the reason why he was late.

This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.

I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.

注意：先行词是表示地点时，如果从句的谓语动词是及物的，就用 that(which)，如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的，就用where引导。This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)

5.由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语，如：

The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.　

注意在下面几种情况下必须用 that引导定语从句。

(1)先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等 ， 如 ：

All that we have to do is to practise English.

(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如

The first letter that I got from him will be kept.

(3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰 ， 如

I've eaten up all the food that you gave me.

(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时如

He is the only person that I want to talk with.

(5)先行词既有人又有物时，如:

They talked about persons and things that they met.

(6)当句中已有who时 ， 为避免重复 ， 如 ： Who is the man that is giving us the

class?

4.由which引导的定语从句中，which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语，如：

The room in which there is a machine is a work shop.

The river which is in front of my house is very clean.

This is the pen which you want.

注意 ：

(1)whom, which用作介词宾语时 ， 介词可放在 whom、which之前 ， 也可放在从句原来的位置上；但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。如： He is the very person whom we must take good care of.

(2)引导非限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词which，不用that,如：I have lost

my bag, which I like very much.

(3)关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。

3.由whose引导的定语从句中 ， whose用作定语 ， 如 ： Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?

2.由whom引导的定语从句中，whom用作宾语，如：The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.

1.由who引导的定语从句中 ， who用作主语 ， 如 ： This is the boy who often helps me.

50. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.

A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been

定语从句专练 (二) 1. Don’t talk about such things of __________ you are not sure. 　 A. which B. what C. as D. those 2. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?

　 A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 3. Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? 　 A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4. Is this the factory _____ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 5. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found. 　 A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 6. The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice. 　 A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what 7. This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts. 　 A. how you have observed B. what you have observed 　 C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed 8. The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine.

A. because B. why C. that D. whether 9. I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week. 　 A. all which B. that C. all that D. which 10. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old. 　 A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which 11. I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing. 　 A. as B. that C. which D. what 12. He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry. 　 A. which B. it C. that D. what 13. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we 　　　attended last night. 　　A. which B. whom C. who D. that 14. The girl __________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister. 　　 A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing 15. Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. 　　 A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 16. Anyone __________ this opinion may speak out. 　 A. that againsts B. that against C. who is against D. who are against 17. Didn’t you see the man __________? 　 A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now 　 C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now 18. Can you lend me the novel __________ the other day? 　　 A. that you talked B. you talked about it 　　 C. which you talked with D. you talked about 19. Is there anything __________ to you? 　A. that is belonged 　B. that belongs 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. that belong 　　D. which belongs 20. ---- “How do you like the book?” ---- “It’s quite different from __________ I read last month.” 　　 A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what 21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except ______ who had already taken them. 　A. the ones 　B. ones 　C. some 　D. the others 22. The train ______ she was travelling was late. A. which B. where C. on which D. in that 23. He has lost the key to the drawer __________ the papers are kept. 　 A. where B. in which C. under which D. which 24. Antarctic __________ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. 　 A. which B. where C. that D. about which 25. It’s the third time __________ late this month. A. that you arrived B. when you arrived 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived 26. It was in 1969 __________ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon. 　　 A. that B. which C. when D. in which 27. May the fourth is the day __________ we Chinese people will never forget. 　　 A. which B. when C. on which D. about which 28. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, __________ live my randparents and some relatives. 　A. which B. that C. who D. where 29. The hotel __________ during our holidays stands by the seaside. 　　 A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at 　C. we stayed D. in that we stayed 30. Is it in that factory __________ “Red Flag” cars are produced? 　　 A. in which 　B. where 　　C. which 　D. that 31. It is the Suez Canal __________ separates Asia __________ Africa. 　　 A. which, to 　　B. where, from　 　C. that, from 　D. that, with 32. Under the bridge, however, almost directly below, __________ was a small canoe, 　with a boy in it. 　　A . there B. where C. it D. which 33. He is not __________ a fool __________. 　　A. such, as he is looked

B. such, as he looks 　C. as, as he is looked D. so, as he looks 34. Is that the reason __________ you are in favor of the proposal? 　　 A. which B. what C. why D. for that 35. He must be from Africa, __________ can be seen from his skin. 　　 A. that B. as C. who D. what 36. He has two sons, __________ work as chemists. 　　 A. two of whom B. both of whom 　C. both of which D. all of whom 37. I, __________ your good friend, will try my best to help you out. 　 A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is 38. He is a man of great experience, __________ much can be learned. 　　 A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom 39. ---- Do you know the town at all? ---- No, this is the first time I __________ here. 　 A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 40. I don’t like __________ you speak to her. 　 A. the way B. the way in that 　C. the way which D. the way of which 41. The two things __________ they felt very proud are Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair. 　 A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which 42. The dinner was the most expensive meal we __________. 　 A. would have B. have had 　C. had never had D. had ever had 43. Do you know which hotel __________? 　 A. she is staying B. she is staying in 　C. is she staying D. is she staying in 44. There is only one thing __________ I can do. 　　 A. what B. that C. all D. which 45. Who can think of a situation __________ this idiom can be used? 　 A. which B. that C. where D. in that 46. I have many books, some of __________ are on chemistry. 　　 A. them B. that C. which D. those 47. They were interested __________ you told them. 　 A. in which B. in that C. all that D. in everything 48. The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, __________ much help for knowing space. 　A. which we think it is B. which we think are of C. of which we think is D. I think which is of 49. The great day we looked forward to __________ at last. 　 A. come 　B. came 　C. coming 　D. comes 50. I like the second football match __________ was held last week. 　 A. which B. who C. that D. / 　

49. I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.

A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which