1.构成: shall / will have done

2.用法:

①.表示将来某时间点或时间段内将在进行的动作

　　　　 a. This time tomorrow we will be talking with the boss about this matter.

　　　　 b. I will be studying in this university for the next four years.

②.表示说话人感到某事即将发生或预计要发生某事

　　　　 a. I will be seeing him next month.

　　　　 b. We will be taking our holiday at the seaside in July.

　　　　 c. He will be arriving at six tomorrow morning.

1.构成: shall / will be doing

4.be about to do sth, 此结构表示“立刻, 马上”要做某事或发生某情况

　 　　　　a. We are about to leave.

　　　　 b. Autumn harvest is about to start.

3.be +动词不定式, 此结构表示职责, 义务, 意图, 约定, 可能性等

　　　　 a. You are to be back by 10 o’clock.

　　　　 b. There is to be a sports meet next week.

　　　　 c. We are to meet at the school gate.

2.be going to do sth,　 此结构表示打算最近或将来要做某事, 或说话人根据己有迹象认为非常可能即将发生的事

　　　　 a. I am going to meet Tom at the station at six.

　　　　 b. He is going to stay here for a week.

c. Look at these black clouds --- it is going to rain.

　　　　 d. I am afraid I am going to have a bad cold.

1.shall / will do (shall用于第一人称), 此结构表示单纯的将来, 不涉及主语的主观意愿

　　　　 a. I shall be twenty years old next year.

　　　　 b. You will meet him at the station this afternoon.

　　　 　c. The train will arrive soon.

2.用法: 表示一直持续进行到过去某一时刻的动作, 该动作可能刚刚结束, 也可能还在进行

　　　　 a. I had been waiting for two hours before the manager came down to see me.

　　　　 b. By the end of 1998 he had been learning English for five years.

1.构成: had been doing

2.用法:

①.表示过去某时间或动作以前己经完成的动作或己存在的状态, 即“过去的过去”

　　　 　a. When all his money had gone, Marx had to leave his house in London.

　　　 　b. Marx had learned some English before he got to England.

　　　 　c. He said he had never been to Shanghai.

　　　 　d. By the middle of last month I had lived in Beijing for five years.

②.在带有after / before引导的时间状语的句子中, 由于after / before本身的词义己经表明了时间的先后, 所以这类句子中常用一般过去时代替过去完成时

　　　 　a. We left the house before it began to rain.

　　　 　b. I didn’t wait long before he came.

　　　 　c. After we finished the tea, we all sat on the grass.

　　　 　d. After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.