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【美】皮特·哈米尔

几年前,我在纽约格林威治村遇到一个姑娘,就是从她那里我第一次听到这个故事。这个故事也许是一个神秘的民间传说,每隔几年重复出现,以这样或那样的形式重新流传。然而我仍然愿意相信它确实在某时某地发生过。

他们要到劳德戴尔要塞去——共三个小伙子和三个姑娘——上公共汽车时,他们拎着纸袋,里面装有三明治和葡萄酒,梦想见到金色的沙滩和大海的潮汐。这时,纽约灰暗而寒冷的春天已经在他们身后消失。

公共汽车驶过新泽西州时,他们开始注意到文戈。文戈坐在他们前面,衣着简朴,但不很合身。他坐在那里,从来没有动一下,满是灰尘的脸上看不出他的实际年龄。他一直咬着嘴唇,表情冷漠,一语不发。

深夜,汽车抵达华盛顿郊外,在霍华德·约翰逊饭店停下。大家都下了车,只有文戈坐在座位上像生了根似的一动也不动。几个小伙子感到奇怪,试图猜想他的身世:也许他是一个船长,也许是抛下妻子,离家出走的人,也许是一个回家的老兵,他们回到车上时,一个姑娘坐在他身边,作了自我介绍。

“我们要到佛罗里达去,”她欣喜地说,“听说那儿真美。”

“是的。”他平静地说,仿佛他想起了曾极力忘掉的事情。

“想喝点葡萄酒吗?”她问。他微微一笑,对着酒瓶喝了一大口。他向她道了谢,又陷入了沉默。过了一会儿,她回到伙伴中间,文戈则打着盹睡着了。

次日早晨,他们一觉醒来发现汽车已停在另一家霍华德·约翰逊饭店门外。这次文戈进了饭店,那个姑娘坚持要文戈与他们坐在一起。他看来很害羞,要了一杯不加牛奶的清咖啡。他听着年轻人闲聊海滩露宿的情景,紧张不安地抽着烟。回到车上后,那个姑娘又与文戈坐在了一起。过了一会儿,他讲述了自己辛酸的经历。他在纽约监狱里关了四年,现在回家去。

“你结婚了吗?”

“我不知道。”

“你不知道?”她问。

“是这样,在我坐牢时我曾给妻子写过信,”他说,“我告诉她,我要离开很长时间,如果她受不了,如果孩子们总是问这问那,如果她太伤心,那么她可以把我忘掉。我能理解。再找一个丈夫。我说——她是一个极好的女人,确实了不起——把我忘掉吧。我告诉她不必给我写信。果真如此,三年半里她没有给我写过一封信。”

“你现在回家,对家里的情况什么都不知道?”

“是的,”他羞怯地说,“不过,上一周,当我确信假释就要批准时,我又给她写了信。我们过去住在布伦斯威克镇,就在杰克逊维海港前边。镇口有一棵高大的橡树,你一进镇就能望见。我告诉她,如果她没有改嫁,愿意等我回家,那就在橡树上系一条黄手帕。我看见黄手帕就会下车回家。如果她不想要我,就忘掉这件事——不系手帕,这样我就继续坐在车上走过去。”

“哇,”那个姑娘叫起来,“哇!”

她告诉了其余的人,很快大家都知道了。他们都关注着布伦斯威克镇的到来,并相互传看着文戈拿出来的几张照片,照片上是他妻子和三个孩子——妻子透露出一种纯朴之美,孩子们尚未发育成熟。可以看得出来,照片不知被文戈抚摩多少次了。

现在他们离布伦斯威克镇还有二十英里,几个年轻人都坐在右边靠窗的座位上,等待着那棵大橡树的出现。文戈停止张望,脸上的肌肉绷得紧紧的,好像他在给自己鼓劲,决心战胜另一次失望。

这时离布伦斯威克镇只有十英里,五英里……突然,所有年轻人都从座位上站了起来,他们叫呀,喊呀,高兴得手舞足蹈。但只有文戈除外。

文戈坐在那儿望着橡树惊呆了。树上挂满了黄手帕——二十条,三十条,也许有几百条;这棵树,真像一面欢迎的旗帜,在迎风招展。正当年轻人高声欢呼的时候,这位老囚犯慢慢地从座位上站起来,朝着汽车前面的方向,回家去了。

(原载《美国小小说百家精品》)

(1)下列对这篇小说有关内容的分析和概括,最恰当的一项是( )

A.神秘的民间传说,每隔几年重复出现,以这样或那样的形式重新流传,是说这样的故事经常发生,表现人们对幸福的期盼。

B.文戈“表情冷漠,一语不发”,引起了年轻人对他的神秘身份的猜测,主要是为了表现文戈冷漠的性格侧面,为后文写他是罪犯作铺垫。

C.小说文字简洁,注重细节描写。文戈“衣着简朴,但不很合身”“照片不知被文戈抚摩多少次”等,看似简单的几句话,却巧妙地暗示出人物的身份和性格。

D.小说以文戈所讲的故事为线索,讲述了文戈与妻子的动人的爱情故事,处处设置悬念,层层铺垫,直到结尾才揭示结局,引人入胜。

(2)小说中多次出现对比的手法?请简要分析。

(3)本文题目是“回家”,也有人认为不如用“幸福的黄手帕”,你的看法呢?请谈谈理由。

【答案】(1)C

(2)①文戈外在的冷漠平静、一言不发与内心深处的波涛汹涌、起伏跌宕形成对比。②文戈心里对妻子的爱恋、归家的渴望与不知妻子是否接纳他的恐惧形成对比。③几个年轻人的热情好奇与文戈的冷漠安静形成对比。④见到黄手帕时年轻人的激动与文戈的冷静的外在表现形成对比。

(3)示例一 “回家”好。

①小说写文戈的回家之路,文戈是小说中的线索性人物,小说从动作、神情、语言等角度正面表现文戈形象;

②回家途中的文戈是小说情节展开的中心人物,小说中人物的活动都是围绕文戈回家展开;

③小说通过文戈在回家途中讲述自己辛酸的经历,表现人们对亲情对人间温暖渴望的主题。

示例二 “幸福的黄手帕”好。

①小说幕后的文戈妻子是小说着力表现的主要人物,而黄手帕的有无与之有直接关系,文戈、几个年轻人只是引线;

②挂黄手帕的文戈妻子是情节发展决定性人物,文戈的的命运前程决定于已离开了很长时间的妻子;

③小说对亲情对人间温情渴望的主题主要是通过挂黄手帕的文戈妻子表现出来的。

【解析】(1)本题考查筛选并整合文中的信息的能力。A项“是说这样的故事经常发生”错误,是人们对故事的加工与想象总有新的版本。B项“主要是为了表现文戈冷漠的性格侧面,为后文写他是罪犯作铺垫”错误,主要目的是使文戈冷漠的外表与内心的波澜形成对比,表现文戈复杂而又矛盾的内心世界。D项“小说以文戈所讲的故事为线索”错误,小说不是以文戈所讲的故事为线索。

(2)本题考查分析表达技巧的能力。解答该题,应当结合原文内容分析,找出文中的四处对比,并且概括表述出来即可。如文戈外在与内心的对比、几个年轻人的热情好奇与文戈的冷漠安静对比、年轻人的激动与文戈的冷静的外在对比等等,分点作答,意思对即可。

(3)本题考查对文本进行个性化阅读和有创意的解读的能力。解答该题,应当首先明确自己的观点主张,可以根据题干内容确定一个角度,然后根据原文内容,从表现小说人物形象、小说情节安排、表现小说主旨等角度分析。答案不唯一,意思对即可。

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