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    【题目】【环境保护】根据资料，回答下列问题。

    丹江口水库是南水北调中线工程的水源地。水源地丹江口水库库区周边地形以山地丘陵为主，特别是丹江口水库环库区丘陵垄岗区，地形破碎，岗岭起伏，十分复杂，土层较薄。种植业占农业总产值的53．4％。农业生产采用传统的粗放耕作方式，结构单一。下表为丹江口水库水源地土地利用类型的面积比例表。

    土地利用类型

    林地

    草地

    耕地

    裸地

    城镇

    水域

    面积比例（%）

    79．53

    2．52

    13．53

    3．14

    0．44

    1．00

    （1）试分析丹江口库区水质污染的主要原因。

    （2）为了保证优质的水源供应北方地区，水源地在今后的农业开发中应该注意哪些问题？

    （3）分析可能对丹江口水源区水质产生负面影响的土地利用类型，并指出从丹江口水库调水对下游的汉江河段水质带来的不利影响。

    【答案】

    （1）农业生产中大量使用农药和化肥；畜禽粪便及生活垃圾量逐年增加；大量的水土流失不但造成水库淤积，而且使水库质量变差，富营养化程度提高

    （2）退耕还林还草，保护水源区良好的生态环境；发展有机生态农业，减少农药化肥的使用量；，避免水质污染；控制畜禽养殖、水产养殖带来的水体污染

    （3）耕地:耕地中的化肥；城镇：大量的工业废水和生活污水；水域:过度水产养殖产生的污染物。影响：调水后下游水量减少；水体自净能力降低，水质变差。

    【解析】

    试题分析：

    （1）根据材料中土地利用类型分析，丹江口水库区水质污染，来自农业生产活动，如大量使用农药和化肥，进入土壤或地下、地表水体中。库区畜禽粪便及生活垃圾量逐年增加，排放进水体中，影响水质。大量的水土流失不但造成水库淤积，而且使水库质量变差，富营养化程度提高。

    （2） 水源地在今后的农业开发中，应退耕还林还草，保护水源区良好的生态环境。发展有机生态农业，减少农药化肥的使用量。加强污水排放管理，避免水质污染。控制畜禽养殖、水产养殖带来的水体污染。

    （3）对丹江口水源区水质产生负面影响的土地利用类型有耕地，耕地中的化肥、农药残留的影响。有城镇用地，大量的工业废水和生活污水，影响水质。有水域:过度水产养殖产生的污染物。 从丹江口水库调水对下游的汉江河段水质带来的不利影响，主要是调水后下游水量减少，水体自净能力降低，水质变差。

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