【题目】阅读理解
A
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。
Women are friendly. They often share with others. But men are more competitive. They are trying to improve their social status. Why? Researchers have found it’s all due to the hormone oxytocin (荷尔蒙催生素). Although known as the love hormone, it affects the sexes differently.
Generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates a large amount of it when falling in love or giving birth.
But in a former experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during a negative situation such as envy (嫉妒).
Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relations, but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship.
Professor Ryan’s recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37.
Half of the participants (参与者) received oxytocin. The other half received placebo (安慰剂).
After a week, the two groups switched with participants. They went through the same steps with the other material.
Following each treatment, they were shown some video pictures with different social behavior. Then they were asked to analyze the relations by answering some questions. The questions were about telling friendship from competition. And their answers should be based on gestures, body language and facial expressions.
The results showed that, after treatment with oxytocin, men’s ability to correctly recognize competitive relations improved, but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better.
Professor Ryan thus concluded, “Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people’s abilities to better tell apart different social behaviors.”
【1】What causes men and women to behave differently according to the text?
A. Placebo. B. Oxytocin. C. The gesture. D. The social status.
【2】What can we learn from Professor Ryan’s former experiment?
A. Oxytocin affects our behavior in a different way.
B. Our body lets out oxytocin when we are deep in love.
C. Our body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others’ success.
D. Oxytocin improves our abilities to understand people’s behavior differences.
【3】 Why did Professor Ryan conduct the recent experiment?
A. To test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social behavior.
B. To know the differences between friendship and competition.
C. To know people’s different abilities to answer questions.
D. To test people’s understanding of body language.
【4】The author develops the text by _______.
A. explaining people’s behavior
B. describing his own experiences
C. telling apart sexual differences
D. discussing research experiments
【答案】
【1】B
【2】C
【3】A
【4】D
【解析】
本文是一篇科普说明文。文章通过Professor Ryan所做的调查实验发现：荷尔蒙催生素能提高人们更好辨认不同社会行为的能力；男女之间行为的差异主要是由荷尔蒙催生素引起的。
【1】B 细节理解题。根据文章首段Women are friendly. ... hormone oxytocin (荷尔蒙催生素)可知，男女之间行为表现的不同是由于荷尔蒙催生素导致的。
【2】C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段，从Ryan教授先前的实验可知，当我们嫉妒他人的时候，身体也会产生荷尔蒙催生素。故选C。
【3】A 判断推理题。根据Professor Ryan所做的实验的过程及最后所得出的实验结论Our experiment proves that...可知，最近这次实验是想测试一下荷尔蒙催生素对辨认社交行为的效果，而结果证实了荷尔蒙催生素能提高人们的这种能力。
【4】D 判断推理题。文章是通过讨论所做的不同的实验及结果而展开的，故答案为D。
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